{"name":"Ethics","associatedPhilosophers":[{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/pythagoras\/","birthYear":"570 BC","life":"(c.570-c.495 BCE)","deathYear":"495 BC","libriVoxIDs":["2490"],"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/pythagor\/","username":"@asq_bsq_csq","hasEBooks":false,"interests":"Metaphysics, Music, Mathematics, Ethics, Politics","birthDate":null,"deathDate":null,"topicalDescription":null,"id":"F8E59A25-343E-4ACA-ACB2-BFC9514488B2","name":"Pythagoras","school":"Pythagoreanism","wikiTitle":"Pythagoras"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/heraclitus\/","birthYear":"535 BC","life":"(c.535-c.475 BCE)","deathYear":"475 BC","libriVoxIDs":["2490"],"username":"@heraclitus","hasEBooks":false,"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/heraclit\/","interests":"Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Politics, Cosmology","birthDate":null,"deathDate":null,"school":"Pre-Socratic","topicalDescription":null,"wikiTitle":"Heraclitus","name":"Heraclitus","id":"410D7B25-4F70-4346-A01A-CA556498FFFE"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/sophists\/#Pro","birthYear":"490 BC","life":"(c.490-c.420 BCE)","deathYear":"420 BC","libriVoxIDs":["7416"],"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/protagor\/","hasEBooks":true,"username":"@protagoras","interests":"Language, Semantics, Relativism, Rhetoric, Agnosticism, Ethics","birthDate":null,"deathDate":null,"id":"A839315F-7D16-4116-8352-D26707C36D6E","school":"Sophism","topicalDescription":null,"wikiTitle":"Protagoras","name":"Protagoras"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/socrates\/","birthYear":"470 BC","life":"(c.470-399 BCE)","deathYear":"399 BC","libriVoxIDs":["1268"],"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/socrates\/","hasEBooks":true,"username":"@soc_it_to_me","interests":"Epistemology, Ethics","birthDate":null,"deathDate":null,"topicalDescription":null,"school":"Classical Greek","id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132","wikiTitle":"Socrates","name":"Socrates"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/plato\/","birthYear":"427 BC","life":"(c.427-c.347 BCE)","deathYear":"347 BC","libriVoxIDs":["2707","8355","3485","5566","8603","7237"],"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/plato\/","username":"@plato","hasEBooks":true,"interests":"Rhetoric, Art, Literature, Epistemology, Justice, Virtue, Politics, Education, Family, Militarism","birthDate":null,"deathDate":null,"school":"Platonism","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Plato","wikiTitle":"Plato","id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/aristotle\/","birthYear":"384 BC","life":"(384-322 BCE)","deathYear":"322 BC","libriVoxIDs":["4237","5726","9077","5224","3733","4262","240","1360","4114","4863"],"username":"@notOnassis","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/aristotl\/","hasEBooks":true,"interests":"Biology, Zoology, Physics, Metaphysics, Logic, Ethics, Rhetoric, Music, Poetry, Theatre, Politics, Government","birthDate":null,"deathDate":null,"topicalDescription":null,"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55","wikiTitle":"Aristotle","name":"Aristotle","school":"Aristotelianism"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/augustine\/","birthYear":"354 AD","life":"(354-430)","deathYear":"430 AD","libriVoxIDs":["1691","754"],"username":"@saint","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/augustin\/","hasEBooks":true,"interests":"Christianity, Metaphysics","birthDate":"13 November 0354","deathDate":"28 August 430","school":"Neo-Platonism","id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8","name":"Augustine of Hippo","topicalDescription":null,"wikiTitle":"Augustine of Hippo"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/aquinas\/","birthYear":"1225 AD","life":"(1225-1274)","deathYear":"1274 AD","libriVoxIDs":["2443","2502","3204","6232","8490","8847","9608"],"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/aquinas\/","hasEBooks":true,"username":"@aquinas","interests":"Metaphysics, Logic, Theology, Mind, Epistemology, Ethics, Politics","birthDate":null,"deathDate":"7 March 1274","school":"Thomism","topicalDescription":null,"id":"843F1E7E-6AE7-4E3E-8FD7-780CB10BA017","name":"Thomas Aquinas","wikiTitle":"Thomas Aquinas"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/hobbes\/","birthYear":"1588 AD","life":"(1588-1679)","deathYear":"1679 AD","libriVoxIDs":["875","1875","10133"],"username":"@Calvin_n_ThomasHobbes","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/hobmoral\/","hasEBooks":true,"interests":"Political Philosophy, History, Ethics, Geometry","birthDate":"5 April 1588","deathDate":"4 December 1679","id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A","school":"Social Contract","wikiTitle":"Thomas Hobbes","name":"Thomas Hobbes","topicalDescription":"Thomas Hobbes famous for his claim that the state of nature is “a war of all against all” that required a Leviathan to establish order. Hobbes’s worldview has been referenced to justify a muscular foreign policy."},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/vico\/","birthYear":"1668 AD","life":"(1668-1744)","deathYear":"1744 AD","libriVoxIDs":[],"username":"@Vico","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/vico\/","hasEBooks":false,"interests":"Politics, Ethics, History, Jurisprudence","birthDate":"23 June 1668","deathDate":"23 January 1744","id":"C3CC174E-1109-4E7A-B5BF-239C3612CA3B","school":"","wikiTitle":"Giambattista Vico","name":"Giambattista Vico","topicalDescription":null},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/hume\/","birthYear":"1711 AD","life":"(1711-1776)","deathYear":"1776 AD","libriVoxIDs":["1093","944","7825","2656","3349"],"username":"@DHume","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/hume\/","hasEBooks":true,"interests":"Epistemology, Metaphysics, Ethics, Aesthetics, Philosophy of Mind, Political Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion, Classical economics","birthDate":"7 May 1711","deathDate":"25 August 1776","topicalDescription":null,"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88","name":"David Hume","wikiTitle":"David Hume","school":"Empiricism"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/kant\/","birthYear":"1724 AD","life":"(1724-1804)","deathYear":"1804 AD","libriVoxIDs":["1318","11281","1664","602","508","936"],"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/kantview\/","username":"@immaculateImmanuel","hasEBooks":true,"interests":"Epistemology, Metaphysics, Ethics, Cosmogony","birthDate":"22 April 1724","deathDate":"12 February 1804","school":"Kantianism","id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA","wikiTitle":"Immanuel Kant","name":"Immanuel Kant","topicalDescription":null},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/schopenhauer\/","birthYear":"1788 AD","life":"(1788-1860)","deathYear":"1860 AD","libriVoxIDs":["3384","779","9711","9926","10106"],"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/schopenh\/","hasEBooks":true,"username":"@grumpy","interests":"Metaphysics, Aesthetics, Ethics, Phenomenology, Morality, Psychology","birthDate":"22 February 1788","deathDate":"21 September 1860","school":"Post-Kantian","id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3","name":"Arthur Schopenhauer","topicalDescription":null,"wikiTitle":"Arthur Schopenhauer"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/kierkegaard\/","birthYear":"1813 AD","life":"(1813-1855)","deathYear":"1855 AD","libriVoxIDs":["3757"],"username":"@Kierkegaard","hasEBooks":true,"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/kierkega\/","interests":"Christianity, Metaphysics, Epistemology, Aesthetics, Ethics, Psychology","birthDate":"5 May 1813","deathDate":"11 November 1855","id":"EA908AB3-5EA0-41A3-A2F3-1A10C7117046","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Søren Kierkegaard","wikiTitle":"Søren Kierkegaard","school":"Christian Existentialism"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/nietzsche\/","birthYear":"1844 AD","life":"(1844-1900)","deathYear":"1900 AD","libriVoxIDs":["498","152","8703","5472","9854","2755","509","985"],"username":"@overman","hasEBooks":true,"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/nietzsch\/","interests":"Aesthetics, Ethics, Metaphysics, Nihilism, Psychology, Ontology, Poetry, Value Theory, Voluntarism, Tragedy, Fact–Value Distinction, Anti-Foundationalism, Philosophy of History","birthDate":"15 October 1844","deathDate":"25 August 1900","id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8","topicalDescription":"Friedrich Nietzsche’s theory of power, authority, and truth posits that fact and reality are shaped by power. That truth does not  exist on some uncontested plain but is rather deeply enmeshed in power relations.","school":"Nietzschean","name":"Friedrich Nietzsche","wikiTitle":"Friedrich Nietzsche"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/russell\/","birthYear":"1872 AD","life":"(1872-1970)","deathYear":"1970 AD","libriVoxIDs":["11024","7652","3112","9959","10402","9495","11065","1317"],"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/russ-eth\/","username":"@brussell","hasEBooks":true,"interests":"Epistemology, Ethics, Logic, Mathematics, Metaphysics, History of Philosophy, Philosophy of Language, Philosophy of Logic, Philosophy of Mathematics, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Perception, Philosophy of Religion, Philosophy of Science","birthDate":"18 May 1872","deathDate":"2 February 1970","topicalDescription":null,"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3","school":"Analytic Philosophy","wikiTitle":"Bertrand Russell","name":"Bertrand Russell"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/sartre\/","birthYear":"1905 AD","life":"(1905-1980)","deathYear":"1980 AD","libriVoxIDs":[],"username":"@nauseous","hasEBooks":true,"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/sartre-ex\/","interests":"Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Consciousness, Self-Consciousness, Literature, Political Philosophy, Ontology","birthDate":"21 June 1905","deathDate":"15 April 1980","topicalDescription":null,"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9","name":"Jean-Paul Sartre","wikiTitle":"Jean-Paul Sartre","school":"Existentialism"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/camus\/","birthYear":"1913 AD","life":"(1913-1960)","deathYear":"1960 AD","libriVoxIDs":[],"username":"@stranger","hasEBooks":false,"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/camus\/","interests":"Ethics, Humanity, Justice, Politics","birthDate":"7 November 1913","deathDate":"4 January 1960","topicalDescription":null,"school":"Existentialism","wikiTitle":"Albert Camus","name":"Albert Camus","id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/spinoza\/","birthYear":"1632 AD","life":"(1632-1677)","deathYear":"1677 AD","libriVoxIDs":[],"username":"@baruch","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/spinoza\/","hasEBooks":true,"interests":"Ethics, Epistemology, Metaphysics","birthDate":"24 November 1632","deathDate":"21 February 1677","topicalDescription":null,"school":"Rationalism","name":"Baruch Spinoza","id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3","wikiTitle":"Baruch Spinoza"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/smith-moral-political\/","birthYear":"1723 AD","life":"(1723-1790)","deathYear":"1790 AD","libriVoxIDs":["2013","1756","2222","2810","4069"],"username":"@InvisibleHand","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/smith\/","hasEBooks":true,"interests":"Political Philosophy, Ethics, Economics","birthDate":"16 June 1723","deathDate":"17 July 1790","school":"Classical Economics","id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD","topicalDescription":"Adam Smith’s theory of economics and metaphors of an invisible hand has been used to justify laissez faire economic policies.","wikiTitle":"Adam Smith","name":"Adam Smith"},{"speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/bentham\/","birthYear":"1748 AD","life":"(1748-1832)","deathYear":"1832 AD","libriVoxIDs":["2329","1285"],"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/bentham\/","username":"@panopticon","hasEBooks":true,"interests":"Political Philosophy, Philosophy of Law, Ethics, Economics","birthDate":"15 February 1748","deathDate":"6 June 1832","school":"Utilitarianism, Legal Positivism, Liberalism","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Jeremy Bentham","id":"0775D2F7-5F3D-4003-B101-A27738F1DF5D","wikiTitle":"Jeremy Bentham"},{"deathDate":"7 May 1873","deathYear":"1873 AD","birthDate":"20 May 1806","life":"(1806-1873)","username":"@jsm","id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015","interests":"Political Philosophy, Ethics, Economics, Inductive Logic","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/mill\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"John Stuart Mill","birthYear":"1806 AD","wikiTitle":"John Stuart Mill","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/milljs\/","hasEBooks":true,"school":"Empiricism, Utilitarianism, Liberalism","libriVoxIDs":["6955","1080","304","1940","868"]},{"deathDate":"May 14, 1940","deathYear":"1940 AD","birthDate":"June 27, 1869","life":"(1869-1940)","id":"80EC6998-C414-4615-90F8-D7B18D5B3854","username":"@EmGoldman","interests":"Political Philosophy, Ethics, Economics, Law","speLink":null,"topicalDescription":"Emma Goldman, writing from the left, warned repeatedly of the dangers of a prison state and advocated tirelessly for anarchism.","name":"Emma Goldman","birthYear":"1868 AD","wikiTitle":"Emma Goldman","iepLink":null,"school":"Anarchism, Anarcha-Feminism, Anarcho-Communism","hasEBooks":true,"libriVoxIDs":["2293","8362"]},{"deathDate":"August 6, 1969","deathYear":"1969 AD","birthDate":"September 11, 1903","life":"(1903-1969)","id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C","username":"@massculture","interests":"Social Theory, Sociology, Psychoanalysis, Aesthetics, Epistemology, Musicology, Mass Media","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/adorno\/","topicalDescription":"Theodor W. Adorno was a critic of the industrialization of the production of art. This critique presaged consolidation of the media industry, which changes not only artistic works but also narrative technique and ultimately self-understanding.","name":"Theodor W. Adorno","hasEBooks":false,"wikiTitle":"Theodor W. Adorno","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/adorno\/","school":"Frankfurt School","birthYear":"1903 AD","libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":"March 6, 1982","deathYear":"1982 AD","birthDate":"February 2, 1905","life":"(1905-1982)","id":"3ED20891-9043-47CC-BF2F-13F135A07246","username":"@atlas","interests":"Political Philosophy, Epistemology, Ethics","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/ayn-rand\/","topicalDescription":"Many on the modern right have taken inspiration from Ayn Rand, particularly her advocation for rational self-interest and radical individualism.","name":"Ayn Rand","hasEBooks":true,"wikiTitle":"Ayn Rand","birthYear":"1905 AD","school":"Objectivism","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/rand\/","libriVoxIDs":["767"]},{"deathDate":"14 April 1986","deathYear":"1986 AD","birthDate":"9 January 1908","life":"(1908-1986)","id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714","username":"@2ndSimone","interests":"Political Philosophy, Feminism, Ethics, Existential Phenomenology","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/beauvoir\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Simone de Beauvoir","birthYear":"1908 AD","wikiTitle":"Simone de Beauvoir","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/beauvoir\/","school":"Existentialism, French Feminism, Marxism","hasEBooks":false,"libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":"November 24, 2002","deathYear":"2002 AD","birthDate":"February 21, 1921","life":"(1921-2002)","id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4","username":"@veil_of_ignorance","interests":"Political Philosophy, Liberalism, Justice, Politics, Social Contract Theory","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/rawls\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"John Rawls","birthYear":"1921 AD","hasEBooks":false,"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/rawls\/","school":"Analytic Philosophy","wikiTitle":"John Rawls","libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":"January 23, 2002","deathYear":"2002 AD","birthDate":"November 16, 1938","life":"(1938-2002)","username":"@nozick","id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB","interests":"Political Philosophy, Ethics, Epistemology","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/nozick-political\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Robert Nozick","hasEBooks":false,"wikiTitle":"Robert Nozick","birthYear":"1938 AD","school":"Analytic, Libertarianism","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/nozick\/","libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":"October 9, 2004","deathYear":"2004 AD","birthDate":"July 15, 1930","life":"(1930-2004)","username":"@derrida","id":"4C870661-2E10-4B20-B3D0-2462DA8192DF","interests":" Ontology, Epistemology, Ethics, Aesthetics, Hermeneutics, Philosophy of Language","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/derrida\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Jacques Derrida","birthYear":"1930 AD","hasEBooks":false,"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/derrida\/","school":"Continental Philosophy","wikiTitle":"Jacques Derrida","libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":"June 8, 2007","deathYear":"2007 AD","birthDate":"October 4, 1931","life":"(1931-2007)","username":"@rrorty31","id":"5F255A15-B2C6-41A7-ACDB-ECF9B824C8E6","interests":"Epistemology, Philosophy of Language, Philosophy of Mind, Ethics, Metaphilosophy, Liberalism, Meta-Epistemology","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/rorty\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Richard Rorty","birthYear":"1931 AD","hasEBooks":false,"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/rorty\/","wikiTitle":"Richard Rorty","school":"Pragmatism, Postanalytic Philosophy","libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":null,"deathYear":"","birthDate":"February 24, 1956","life":"(1956)","id":"9FB6BB7A-086C-4FB8-B3EF-7E2857C7E0F3","username":"@Judith_Butler","interests":"Feminist Theory, Political Philosophy, Ethics, Psychoanalysis, Discourse, Embodiment, Sexuality, Jewish Philosophy","speLink":null,"topicalDescription":"Judith Butler’s theory of gender has been formative to trans and queer liberation movement.","name":"Judith Butler","birthYear":"1956 AD","wikiTitle":"Judith Butler","hasEBooks":false,"school":"Continental Philosophy, Third-Wave Feminism, Critical Theory, Queer Theory, Postmodernism, Post-Structuralism","iepLink":null,"libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":"9 September 1981","deathYear":"1981 AD","birthDate":"13 April 1901","life":"(1901-1981)","username":"@mirrorphase","id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A","interests":"Psychology","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/lacan\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Jacques Lacan","birthYear":"1901 AD","wikiTitle":"Jacques Lacan","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/lacweb\/","hasEBooks":false,"school":"Lacanian Psychoanalysis","libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":null,"deathYear":"","birthDate":"6 July 1946","life":"(1946)","username":"@psinger","id":"2C530DBE-E736-4F42-A285-3F2236174CA2","interests":"Ethics, Bioethics, Analytic Philosophy","speLink":null,"topicalDescription":null,"name":"Peter Singer","hasEBooks":false,"wikiTitle":"Peter Singer","iepLink":null,"school":"Utilitarianism","birthYear":"1946 AD","libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":null,"deathYear":"","birthDate":"December 7, 1928","life":"(1946)","id":"3CC9B965-9C88-423A-BDA0-481F078FA3A1","username":"@chomsky","interests":"Linguistics, Politics, Media","speLink":null,"topicalDescription":null,"name":"Noam Chomsky","hasEBooks":false,"birthYear":"1928 AD","iepLink":null,"school":"Analytic philosophy","wikiTitle":"Noam Chomsky","libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":"December 28, 2004","deathYear":"2004 AD","birthDate":"January 16, 1933","life":"(1933-2004)","username":"@susansontag","id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E","interests":"Politics, Art, Feminism","speLink":null,"topicalDescription":null,"name":"Susan Sontag","birthYear":"1933 AD","hasEBooks":false,"iepLink":null,"school":"","wikiTitle":"Susan Sontag","libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":"May 6, 1862","deathYear":"1862 AD","birthDate":"July 12, 1817","life":"(1817-1862)","username":"@SimpleLiving","id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961","interests":"Ethics, Poetry, Religion, Politics, History, Biology","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/thoreau\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Henry David Thoreau","hasEBooks":true,"wikiTitle":"Henry David Thoreau","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/thoreau\/","school":"Transcendentalism","birthYear":"1817 AD","libriVoxIDs":["549","10188","1118","8964"]},{"deathDate":"17 March 0180","deathYear":"180 AD","birthDate":"26 April 0121","life":"(121-180)","username":"@Emperor","id":"9167C1C4-D3E7-4081-B3F8-00371397B356","interests":"Politics, Ethics","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/marcus-aurelius\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Marcus Aurelius","birthYear":"121 AD","wikiTitle":"Marcus Aurelius","hasEBooks":true,"school":"Stoicism","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/marcus\/","libriVoxIDs":["1095"]},{"deathDate":null,"deathYear":"270 BC","birthDate":null,"life":"(341-270 BCE)","id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3","username":"@epicurious","interests":"Physics, ethics, epistemology","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/epicurus\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Epicurus","birthYear":"341 BC","wikiTitle":"Epicurus","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/epicur\/","school":"Epicureanism","hasEBooks":false,"libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":"September 13, 1321","deathYear":"1321 AD","birthDate":null,"life":"(1265-1321)","id":"9AB7B738-3926-4290-BA69-70D0A2F5EEC2","username":"@divine","interests":"Theology, Politics, Ethics","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/dante\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Dante Alighieri","birthYear":"1265 AD","hasEBooks":true,"iepLink":null,"school":"Christian Philosophy","wikiTitle":"Dante Alighieri","libriVoxIDs":["8972","8834","8836","8924","8944","9496","9565","12274"]},{"deathDate":"10 September 1797","deathYear":"1797 AD","birthDate":"27 April 1759","life":"(1759-1797)","id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3","username":"@wollstonecraft","interests":"Feminism, Politics, Ethics","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/wollstonecraft\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Mary Wollstonecraft","hasEBooks":true,"wikiTitle":"Mary Wollstonecraft","iepLink":null,"school":"Feminism","birthYear":"1759 AD","libriVoxIDs":["83","4656","5469","6734","8872"]},{"deathDate":null,"deathYear":"323 BC","birthDate":null,"life":"(c.412-323 BCE)","username":"@cynical","id":"28FC9356-FD10-49E5-A10B-F3B3D06B6A3B","interests":"Asceticism, Cynicism","speLink":null,"topicalDescription":null,"name":"Diogenes","birthYear":"412 BC","hasEBooks":true,"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/diogsino\/","school":"Cynicism","wikiTitle":"Diogenes","libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":"5 September 1857","deathYear":"1857 AD","birthDate":"19 January 1798","life":"(1798-1857)","username":"@Positive","id":"389472AB-3BF9-4E5E-BB9E-A5B858BFD20D","interests":"Encyclopedic Law, Altruism, Positivism","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/comte\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Auguste Comte","birthYear":"1798 AD","wikiTitle":"Auguste Comte","hasEBooks":true,"school":"Positivism","iepLink":null,"libriVoxIDs":["11694"]},{"deathDate":"9 April 1626","deathYear":"1626 AD","birthDate":"22 January 1561","life":"(1561-1626)","username":"@Bacon","id":"4E6E7356-E6E7-4F0A-BA66-5502F858E1CF","interests":"Natural philosophy, Philosophical logic","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/francis-bacon\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Francis Bacon","hasEBooks":true,"wikiTitle":"Francis Bacon","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/bacon\/","school":"Empiricism","birthYear":"1561 AD","libriVoxIDs":["744","2864","5965","12806"]},{"deathDate":null,"deathYear":"0545 BC","birthDate":null,"life":"c. (623-545 BCE)","id":"5B8D36E5-56E2-47E4-9C4C-34A0F107D9B1","username":"@h2oLover","interests":"Ethics, Metaphysics, Mathematics, Astronomy","speLink":null,"topicalDescription":null,"name":"Thales of Miletus","hasEBooks":false,"wikiTitle":"Thales of Miletus","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/thales\/","school":"Naturalism","birthYear":"0623 BC","libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":"27 January 1814","deathYear":"1814 AD","birthDate":"19 May 1762","life":"(1762-1814)","username":"@JGF","id":"2EE09BAD-1395-4394-8F6F-EB591069AE66","interests":"Self-Consciousness and Self-Awareness, Moral Philosophy, Political Philosophy","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/johann-fichte\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Johann Gottlieb Fichte","hasEBooks":false,"birthYear":"1762 AD","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/fichtejg\/","school":"German Idealism","wikiTitle":"Johann Gottlieb Fichte","libriVoxIDs":["8557"]},{"deathDate":"5 January 2001","deathYear":"2001 AD","birthDate":"18 March 1919","life":"(1919-2001)","id":"215CFEFE-7D4B-400D-A14B-CD4BE9E0AA30","username":"@BruteFactsStated","interests":"Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Action, Philosophical Logic, Philosophy of Language, Ethics","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/anscombe\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Elizabeth Anscombe","birthYear":"1919 AD","hasEBooks":false,"iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/anscombe\/","school":"Analytical Thomism","wikiTitle":"G. E. M. Anscombe","libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":"June 1, 1952","deathYear":"1952 AD","birthDate":"October 20, 1859","life":"(1859-1952)","username":"@dewey","id":"35859990-0911-447A-8254-CDFE783671BF","interests":"Philosophy of Education, Epistemology, Ethics","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/dewey\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"John Dewey","hasEBooks":true,"birthYear":"1859 AD","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/dewey\/","school":"Pragmatism, Instrumentalism","wikiTitle":"John Dewey","libriVoxIDs":["4492","10157","13087","13700","13326","14362"]},{"deathDate":null,"deathYear":null,"birthDate":"July 4, 1937","life":"(1937)","username":"@T_Nagel","id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0","interests":"Politics, Ethics, Philosophy of Mind, Epistemology","speLink":null,"topicalDescription":null,"name":"Thomas Nagel","birthYear":"1937 AD","wikiTitle":"Thomas Nagel","iepLink":null,"school":"Analytic philosophy","hasEBooks":false,"libriVoxIDs":[]},{"deathDate":null,"deathYear":"0065 AD","birthDate":null,"life":"(c. 4 BCE - 65 CE)","id":"8CDFDB0C-F4F4-40F9-B00D-0C7EB20E9D1F","username":"@theYounger","interests":"Ethics","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/seneca\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Seneca","birthYear":"0004 BC","wikiTitle":"Seneca the Younger","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/seneca\/","school":"Stoicism","hasEBooks":true,"libriVoxIDs":["4947","5146","9230","11077"]},{"deathDate":"May 21, 1935","deathYear":"1935 AD","birthDate":"September 6, 1860","life":"(1915-1980)","username":"@Addams_Jane","id":"590670FA-ADBE-4D76-8791-02A88B5E4CC0","interests":"Sociology, Politics","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/addams-jane\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Jane Addams","hasEBooks":true,"birthYear":"1860 AD","wikiTitle":"Jane Addams","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/addamsj\/","school":"Pragmatism","libriVoxIDs":["4673","4859"]},{"deathDate":"July 29, 1979","deathYear":"1979 AD","birthDate":"July 19, 1898","life":"(1898-1979)","id":"1B5A089D-F27A-4D71-BE93-959B0FCD7600","username":"@One-Dimensional-Man","interests":"Social Theory, Communism, Socialism, Industrialism, Technology","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/marcuse\/","topicalDescription":null,"name":"Herbert Marcuse","hasEBooks":false,"birthYear":"1898 AD","wikiTitle":"Herbert Marcuse","school":"Continental Philosophy","iepLink":null,"libriVoxIDs":[]}],"images":{"banner400x300":"\/Images\/Ethics.png","banner800x600":"\/Images\/Ethics@2x.png","banner1200x900":"\/Images\/Ethics@3x.png"},"wikiTitle":"Ethics","iepLink":"https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/ethics\/","abbreviation":"et","speLink":"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/ethics-virtue\/","description":"Ethics attempts to systematize, define, and recommend right and wrong conduct.","id":"8EE0CCCC-DC36-48E7-ADB2-25686F6EEBDF"}