[{"text":"Everything is composed of water just in different forms.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","philosopher":{"id":"5B8D36E5-56E2-47E4-9C4C-34A0F107D9B1"},"id":"30450D03-4200-4A85-BE54-925F4E9E0AC5","order":"1","internalID":"0","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"text":"The earth is hanging in space, equidistant to all other things, and is a cylindrical solid.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","philosopher":{"id":"F8320389-19D4-4095-95A3-A93A7F7F7997"},"id":"E5DF00A3-D8EA-471D-94C0-C08426CF19E2","order":"1","internalID":"1","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"text":"One never steps in the same river twice.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","philosopher":{"id":"410D7B25-4F70-4346-A01A-CA556498FFFE"},"id":"B6B13B08-A0F7-4EE5-BDF3-74DA7F8345BB","order":"4","internalID":"10","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"text":"The human souls are immortal and ethereal, but their bodies are mortal and material.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"id":"D0333181-4E3F-4EC1-88A8-3A2B61C92A69","order":"7","internalID":"100","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"text":"Man is the measure of all things.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","philosopher":{"id":"A839315F-7D16-4116-8352-D26707C36D6E"},"id":"2011C1D9-899A-4353-BE2D-ECAEE78B4C48","order":"1","internalID":"1000","categoryAbbrevs":["re"]},{"text":"Speculations about the substance of the universe or the existence of gods is pointless as it is ultimetely unknowable.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","philosopher":{"id":"A839315F-7D16-4116-8352-D26707C36D6E"},"id":"BFC22271-CC70-4986-9C83-CC1EE5E872B2","order":"2","internalID":"1001","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"text":"Actions are ethical, or right, only because a person or society have judged it to be so.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","philosopher":{"id":"A839315F-7D16-4116-8352-D26707C36D6E"},"id":"77155545-2272-4A46-901D-8D451C155CE1","order":"3","internalID":"1002","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"text":"One's access to truth depends on their rhetorical and debating skills.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","philosopher":{"id":"A839315F-7D16-4116-8352-D26707C36D6E"},"id":"0E5E09F4-CE3D-4698-A965-C82795F40C5E","order":"4","internalID":"1003","categoryAbbrevs":["rh"]},{"text":"Truth exists in a timeless, perfect realm of non-material entities.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"id":"58AFBFE0-8C2D-46FA-B89E-A97758DB7460","order":"8","internalID":"101","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep"]},{"text":"The success of a nation state is paramount.","reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained, DK Pub., 1998","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"id":"5301E997-DEA8-430F-9910-A2D3FE01DCDD","order":"1","internalID":"1010","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"text":"Whoever governs the nation state must strive to secure the success of the state and his or her own glory.","reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained, DK Pub., 1998","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"id":"85CC6697-C763-4A66-B1B6-F979D97CA69E","order":"2","internalID":"1011","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained, DK Pub., 1998","id":"46EBF311-D725-4561-8318-C8864FF3B0B7","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"internalID":"1012","categoryAbbrevs":["po"],"order":"3","text":"In order for leaders to secure glory for the state and themselves, they cannot be bound by morality."},{"reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained, DK Pub., 1998","id":"C893A162-FD67-4B86-9539-B9007BE866A8","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"internalID":"1013","categoryAbbrevs":["po"],"order":"4","text":"The end justifies the means."},{"reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained, DK Pub., 1998","id":"03DFC473-8305-494F-9640-A2529321E603","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"internalID":"1014","categoryAbbrevs":["po"],"order":"5","text":"It is better for a leader to be feared than loved, but it is most important that a leader is not hated."},{"reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained, DK Pub., 1998","id":"8F402847-47EF-4FEF-B99F-C0E263BBC3F6","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"internalID":"1015","categoryAbbrevs":["po"],"order":"6","text":"A leader must imitate the qualities of the fox as well as the lion."},{"reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained, DK Pub., 1998","id":"CD47DA2D-1F3D-48FE-BE15-5625C6060F5D","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"internalID":"1016","categoryAbbrevs":["et"],"order":"7","text":"Christian morality is weak and unsuitable for a strong city."},{"reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained, DK Pub., 1998","id":"23BDB87B-6CD3-4408-B0D4-6ED19E832FC7","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"internalID":"1017","categoryAbbrevs":["po"],"order":"8","text":"A republic is the ideal regime; it should be instituted whenever a reasonable degree of equality exists."},{"reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","id":"F3E3BF0D-16C1-4367-920E-239EC04AFE16","philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"internalID":"102","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"],"order":"9","text":"Senses can be deceiving."},{"reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained, DK Pub., 1998","id":"2BF88C53-B7DE-45D2-98EE-5A2AD9DCC69D","philosopher":{"id":"C3CC174E-1109-4E7A-B5BF-239C3612CA3B"},"internalID":"1020","categoryAbbrevs":["po"],"order":"1","text":"All civilizations pass through three stages: the age of the gods; the age of artistocrats and heroes; and democracy."},{"reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained, DK Pub., 1998","id":"A2580396-E914-45A2-8ED9-52D6C174116B","philosopher":{"id":"C3CC174E-1109-4E7A-B5BF-239C3612CA3B"},"internalID":"1021","categoryAbbrevs":["on"],"order":"2","text":"History is subject to an uninterrupted order of causes and effects."},{"reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","id":"E6B4D9CC-2E39-4357-ADDD-5FF5E146EDC1","philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"internalID":"103","categoryAbbrevs":["th","et","me"],"order":"10","text":"Evil, being a deficiency or lack of something, was not created by God."},{"philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"internalID":"1030","text":"Each monad has its own perspective; they do not overlap or intersect.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"13","id":"08B43D5C-FA20-4E2F-8FA0-DFD0A8F2234E","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"internalID":"104","text":"Having created rational beings, God brought about the potential that they might choose evil over good.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"11","id":"40C49BC3-09D8-4540-A461-BB040A4770C4","categoryAbbrevs":["th","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"internalID":"1040","text":"People act out of self-interest.","reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"EFB65CE3-5919-4097-9982-5A739FBB6EFA","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"internalID":"1041","text":"We often require goods and services that others provide.","reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"5AF86535-2432-4546-B4EB-59180517F648","categoryAbbrevs":["ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"internalID":"1043","text":"People often must agree to exchange goods or money between each other in a way that benefits both parties.","reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"7A22FBF4-76C7-414D-8E2C-5B64306AEC46","categoryAbbrevs":["ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"internalID":"1044","text":"Man is an animal that makes bargains.","reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"787DA627-AFA7-453C-9FE4-BF30CB70E8B4","categoryAbbrevs":["ec","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"internalID":"1045","text":"Through the development of bartering, a market of goods and services is created.","reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"AA191D1D-F899-4B57-B14F-63B983F6CECF","categoryAbbrevs":["ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"internalID":"1046","text":"Markets lead to a division of labor.","reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"9AE7D6C6-4FAB-4906-8D47-2E12D530DEC5","categoryAbbrevs":["ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"internalID":"1046","text":"The pursuit of self-interest, far from being incompatible with an equitable society, is the only way of guaranteeing it.","reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"B3188BFC-D197-4A8D-8EBA-74B878052F64","categoryAbbrevs":["ec","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"internalID":"1047","text":"The invisible hand of the market regulates the market far more efficiently than any government could.","reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"6370A474-3965-49FB-944F-FDED50231B88","categoryAbbrevs":["ec","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"internalID":"1048","text":"In societies with a well functioning market, government should limit itself to only essential functions (providing defense, criminal justice, and education).","reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"801FC43D-091D-476F-A809-1D34B8719ABB","categoryAbbrevs":["ec","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"internalID":"105","text":"Salvation is not determined through one's will along; God chooses which souls are damned to hell.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"12","id":"73F56401-5FE1-4821-9BF8-E7616CA25869","categoryAbbrevs":["th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EA176C3B-45C2-4814-8BC5-EF69D2643F4A"},"internalID":"1050","text":"Private ownership of land is a theft of the commons.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Property_is_theft!","order":"1","id":"6BAB924C-C4C9-4DA6-9303-472E8C272CD3","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EA176C3B-45C2-4814-8BC5-EF69D2643F4A"},"internalID":"1051","text":"Anarchy is the absence of a master and of a sovereign.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon","order":"2","id":"C7D224C5-0978-4591-A6B6-75748FFEC1CD","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EA176C3B-45C2-4814-8BC5-EF69D2643F4A"},"internalID":"1052","text":"Just as people seek justice in equality, society should seek order in anarchy.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon","order":"3","id":"B04DF43F-D25C-4BDA-A69D-3EB69E337EFA","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"80EC6998-C414-4615-90F8-D7B18D5B3854"},"internalID":"1060","text":"Anarchism is the liberation of the mind from religion, liberation of the body from property, and liberation from the restraint of government.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emma_Goldman","order":"1","id":"C070B9A2-0763-4DFE-845F-74AA14C648F9","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"80EC6998-C414-4615-90F8-D7B18D5B3854"},"internalID":"1061","text":"Capitalism is incompatible with human liberty.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emma_Goldman","order":"2","id":"6CA91028-0F40-4FD8-924D-F82D66C266A4","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"80EC6998-C414-4615-90F8-D7B18D5B3854"},"internalID":"1062","text":"Atheism offers the expansion and growth of the human mind; theism is static and fixed.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emma_Goldman","order":"3","id":"6E6D8297-E0CD-4D97-9F6B-770AFE942B7C","categoryAbbrevs":["th","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"20B6AF0E-BCAA-4BEC-9C65-49E2BEC41585"},"internalID":"1070","text":"Without elections, freedom of the press and assembly, and freedom of opinion, public institutions die.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rosa_Luxemburg","order":"1","id":"113C4676-6C34-48CF-8CD0-C9B7D22B3EBE","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"20B6AF0E-BCAA-4BEC-9C65-49E2BEC41585"},"internalID":"1071","text":"The limits of capitalism drive imperialism and war.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rosa_Luxemburg","order":"2","id":"A42530B6-9F8E-4CCC-B40A-2BD5A6429166","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"20B6AF0E-BCAA-4BEC-9C65-49E2BEC41585"},"internalID":"1072","text":"Classed-based revolution does not proceed according to some plan in a book but arises out of everyday struggles.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rosa_Luxemburg","order":"3","id":"53EC40DF-FA59-4420-8503-A0B44CDCFC63","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3ED20891-9043-47CC-BF2F-13F135A07246"},"internalID":"1080","text":"Humans are heroic and one's own happiness is the moral purpose of life.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ayn_Rand","order":"1","id":"E106D81C-904B-4DF6-8444-06201CE8D8E4","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3ED20891-9043-47CC-BF2F-13F135A07246"},"internalID":"1081","text":"There is no <i>a priori<\/i> knowledge; all knowledge comes through sense perception.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ayn_Rand","order":"2","id":"849D74A0-9F2C-44F2-9777-222CAC08D0D6","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3ED20891-9043-47CC-BF2F-13F135A07246"},"internalID":"1082","text":"The individual should exist for their own sake, neither sacrificing themself to others nor sacrificing others to themself (rational self-interest).","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ayn_Rand","order":"3","id":"6F65A7FA-0A7B-46EA-B32A-BF13F9A05E33","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"843F1E7E-6AE7-4E3E-8FD7-780CB10BA017"},"internalID":"109","text":"Faith is independent from reason; believe provides answers to questions that are undecidable by reason alone.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"3618224B-15CD-4223-BC2F-7C3D5FCEB90E","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"98C768D9-67A3-44F9-9799-F80A0C29BED4"},"internalID":"1090","text":"White colonial cultures equate “blackness” with inferiority.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"1","id":"7FF3FD65-9A97-40F7-9708-F05A71754DFF","categoryAbbrevs":["po","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"98C768D9-67A3-44F9-9799-F80A0C29BED4"},"internalID":"1091","text":"Colonized people want to escape from this “inferior” position.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"2","id":"B4E022E1-70F4-46C0-9DC1-11BF1705C430","categoryAbbrevs":["po","so","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"98C768D9-67A3-44F9-9799-F80A0C29BED4"},"internalID":"1092","text":"Colonized people start to take on the assumed superiority of colonial cultures.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"3","id":"9BF6820C-7432-46D7-801C-F4FB8D2D4D40","categoryAbbrevs":["po","so","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"98C768D9-67A3-44F9-9799-F80A0C29BED4"},"internalID":"1093","text":"The only escape is to reject “blackness.”","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"4","id":"D50FBDA6-157C-44CB-A91A-BEE34D812D2F","categoryAbbrevs":["po","so","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"98C768D9-67A3-44F9-9799-F80A0C29BED4"},"internalID":"1094","text":"For the black man there is only one destiny, and it is white.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"5","id":"0753FA2B-E134-4391-955C-8158A4F2A9F4","categoryAbbrevs":["po","so","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"73E6F183-7335-458F-883E-83A9A8F9E562"},"internalID":"11","text":"Everything has always existed; there was never a time when there was nothing.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"3BAFABC3-E9E4-475F-B6CE-1D3E1D488305","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"843F1E7E-6AE7-4E3E-8FD7-780CB10BA017"},"internalID":"110","text":"Rational knowledge comes through the senses.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"FEA219A8-9609-469B-9358-43F4DB8AAAD7","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"843F1E7E-6AE7-4E3E-8FD7-780CB10BA017"},"internalID":"111","text":"We are born with a mind that is like a clean slate (<i>tabula rasa<\/i>).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"AF8F32BE-8673-42B0-A732-0A0971E35467","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"843F1E7E-6AE7-4E3E-8FD7-780CB10BA017"},"internalID":"112","text":"The existence of an object is separate from its “essence,” which is a description of it.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"4CC5EAB8-2B28-41D2-A97B-27BF6214D39D","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"843F1E7E-6AE7-4E3E-8FD7-780CB10BA017"},"internalID":"113","text":"In God's mind, the essence of the world must have come before its existence.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"8942F99F-C4DB-45B0-A5C3-62A074DCB214","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"843F1E7E-6AE7-4E3E-8FD7-780CB10BA017"},"internalID":"114","text":"God must only be existence, as God's essence could not have come before God's existence.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"1E64080D-8133-4991-B56D-A6BAB1968572","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"843F1E7E-6AE7-4E3E-8FD7-780CB10BA017"},"internalID":"115","text":"One is judged by their acts.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"0C4527D7-560D-4D51-A834-8EE1608DB29A","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3172E773-E550-47A1-AB2A-2FE312A5B2C0"},"internalID":"116","text":"Logic differs from the natural order of things as necessity exists in the former but not the later.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"4B0782B9-B2A7-46ED-AC5E-C04295DA8A32","categoryAbbrevs":["on","lo"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3172E773-E550-47A1-AB2A-2FE312A5B2C0"},"internalID":"117","text":"Knowledge cannot come solely through logic; it is first necessary to observe.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"7628499A-4FE0-47DB-9826-E22DF2EE1C95","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","lo"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3172E773-E550-47A1-AB2A-2FE312A5B2C0"},"internalID":"118","text":"The simplest explanation is most likely the correct one.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"8A284611-55F0-4DD1-A4A8-8D4707A197AF","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","lo"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3172E773-E550-47A1-AB2A-2FE312A5B2C0"},"internalID":"119","text":"When creating an explanation one should only assume the bare minimum; entities should not be posited needlessly.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"D3FE1E27-BC0F-4AD9-B0D7-D303B5A76BD9","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","lo"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"73E6F183-7335-458F-883E-83A9A8F9E562"},"internalID":"12","text":"That which exists cannot pass into nothing.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"2D361FE6-FFA8-4723-9F3F-5D8BCC92EB6D","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4E6E7356-E6E7-4F0A-BA66-5502F858E1CF"},"internalID":"120","text":"Collecting data, making hypotheses, experimenting, and prediction are the steps of the scientific method.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"B5C92FB1-3265-4C5E-8E3A-F8F314949F54","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4E6E7356-E6E7-4F0A-BA66-5502F858E1CF"},"internalID":"121","text":"To have reliable knowledge it is important to not only look at confirming events but also refuting events.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"FE92E23E-189E-4342-888F-CB51A3A147B7","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4E6E7356-E6E7-4F0A-BA66-5502F858E1CF"},"internalID":"122","text":"Obtaining reliable knowledge can be hindered by our senses, feelings, and ideologies.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"54206608-DCD1-4C5F-9A96-D12B077CFA57","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4E6E7356-E6E7-4F0A-BA66-5502F858E1CF"},"internalID":"123","text":"Words are representations of matter, to be in love with words is to be in love with a picture.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"8F05A6E1-5731-4961-8773-BDD866B6CEEB","categoryAbbrevs":["on","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"internalID":"124","text":"Matter in motion comprises the universe and nothing else; the universe is a large mechanism.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"D7480074-A845-41C6-9BA9-2843A7C9652B","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"internalID":"125","text":"Human beings, like every other object, is a machine.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"52FEA409-F743-4772-A219-B7D2167F0C25","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"internalID":"126","text":"Thoughts and other mental processes are the result of moving matter inside the head.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"8017F14A-B08A-4EC9-8B85-237B7C6BD0FD","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"internalID":"127","text":"Psychological motivation is a kind of push and come in the form of appetites and aversions.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"E94AC139-2535-4946-A243-BE90A920BB2B","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"internalID":"128","text":"Impulses in the form of appetites (liking, love, etc.) are insatiable; they only cease upon death.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"37A688B0-8257-4074-BC68-79CC48F42CAD","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"internalID":"129","text":"Fear of death is the strongest aversion.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"311A9542-798B-4A81-A394-358812BFEB93","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"73E6F183-7335-458F-883E-83A9A8F9E562"},"internalID":"13","text":"The universe is an immutable single entity; everything is connected.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"B3A3CA56-E657-4299-859D-C69538A75C61","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"internalID":"130","text":"Societies are form out of people's fear of death.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"7C204967-D6AA-4943-9735-1038B7D902DB","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"internalID":"131","text":"In the state of nature, life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"27576EFC-BB29-4715-A8DE-3E9682C881B0","categoryAbbrevs":["on","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"internalID":"132","text":"The social arrangement should make it so that no one's interest can be satisfied by breaking laws.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"287A1A84-1485-4E66-8663-3BE271E6968D","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"internalID":"133","text":"Inviduals should give power to a central power (a Leviathan) who will impose laws with absolute authority.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"5E966FDB-CE8A-414C-9C94-CE962BBDB343","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"internalID":"134","text":"The role of the Leviathan is to safeguard the freedom and safety of the general population.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"11","id":"5CFF7BB7-A8F4-4366-9AB1-D4A6DA00802E","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"internalID":"135","text":"Social chaos should be avoided even at the cost of tyranny.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"12","id":"9DCEF79C-F8B8-48AD-803C-5CDD7A885320","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3C6BCB23-5C68-4F54-B680-BFF333FB6683"},"internalID":"136","text":"Mathematics begins with incontrovertible premises and through deduction arrives at irrefutable conclusions.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"42F13F0F-F093-4881-86CC-8F0817C1FC48","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3C6BCB23-5C68-4F54-B680-BFF333FB6683"},"internalID":"137","text":"Using mathematics as a guide, we should begin with indubitable premises to gain any kind of sound knowledge.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"D2DD3B07-DB06-4A2F-B9F1-6532B5C15B86","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3C6BCB23-5C68-4F54-B680-BFF333FB6683"},"internalID":"138","text":"The senses deceive us frequently and observations cannot be trusted.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"64F4479B-5886-4462-A122-316888BE1885","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3C6BCB23-5C68-4F54-B680-BFF333FB6683"},"internalID":"139","text":"One cannot be sure that, at any moment, their senses are not being controlled by an evil demon.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"4DE08204-8489-4036-9BC6-D5C8267496A5","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"73E6F183-7335-458F-883E-83A9A8F9E562"},"internalID":"14","text":"To the exstent that things appear to change it is actually contained within an enclosed, unchanging system.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"2B167EBC-5C4C-4EA7-987B-FD62F0F3CC8C","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3C6BCB23-5C68-4F54-B680-BFF333FB6683"},"internalID":"140","text":"One can be sure that they are having the experiences they are having.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"3871E70D-0FD2-40B6-8EE1-0A86790140F0","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3C6BCB23-5C68-4F54-B680-BFF333FB6683"},"internalID":"141","text":"Knowledge of one's own nature or the external world may be in doubt, but that one exists is indubitable.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"C8858033-2B2C-4AC8-9D35-62EEFCE57094","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3C6BCB23-5C68-4F54-B680-BFF333FB6683"},"internalID":"142","text":"God exists, as I can think of a perfect being even though I am imperfect.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"5D55E225-DFAA-424C-ACB3-456F1557F44D","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3C6BCB23-5C68-4F54-B680-BFF333FB6683"},"internalID":"143","text":"It is possible to be certain of one conclusions, because God will not deceive.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"9A04234A-566D-45D6-A24C-856E42314F76","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3C6BCB23-5C68-4F54-B680-BFF333FB6683"},"internalID":"144","text":"The universe is composed of two types of substance: mind (<i>res cogitans<\/i> conscious beings) and matter (<i>res extensa<\/i>).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"3B8B4D53-2886-45A4-877C-AE452A6A6F2A","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"internalID":"145","text":"Methods of mathematics should be applied to reality to create true understanding.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"90199CF2-4F01-43C7-936B-CB1A5895EF13","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"internalID":"146","text":"Everything is part of God, and all is one if God is infinite.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"E5E8C2D4-EBAE-4A00-AA61-DAEB9E65936B","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"internalID":"147","text":"Religion and science are two different ways of describing the same reality.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"6CD217E7-2C2A-4AB8-AE43-864222C8B604","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"internalID":"148","text":"Mind and matter are actually the same thing experssed in two different ways; Dualism is wrong.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"4ED392A0-B357-44D2-91D5-4414E5A15A5E","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"internalID":"149","text":"All things are alive to different degrees.","reference":"Ethics, Benedict Spinoza, 1677","order":"5","id":"35C04D46-7A8F-48A1-8BDE-1556C22BF8AC","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"internalID":"150","text":"We are often not aware of what causes our actions; free will is an illusion.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"A6B2B2E0-6245-43DA-AA03-7E529FBC9F89","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"internalID":"151","text":"We should come to terms with things as they are, and understand we are not free.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"CABDB87A-02BC-4692-8B14-9EA4ED39D41E","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"internalID":"152","text":"Personal problems amount to nothing relative to the totality of things.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"B4497FBE-701D-42C7-9EF7-ADD274C12207","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"internalID":"153","text":"Freedom of speech is required to have public order.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"BFB43619-96CD-4101-A84C-4420141EEE96","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"internalID":"154","text":"The aim of government is liberty.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"663D5A0B-DEA9-429D-B811-C594823AAB35","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"155","text":"Human knowledge is limited by our mental faculties, and we should attempt to find that limit.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"42560806-814E-4ED8-BA34-725AE45DD612","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"156","text":"The content of consciousness is that which we have direct experience of.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"FAAE84CB-7A95-496B-A0F5-BC5B8B3920BD","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"157","text":"Information from which thought begins comes throught our senses: from the outside world.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"C8123FF4-ED17-4C13-97DF-2DC923D76D01","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"158","text":"The mind is a blank slate when born which experience writes on.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"8CFFA658-39D0-45DB-B3C0-39A6C02543E6","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"159","text":"Science deals best with that which can be quantified objectively: length, weight, velocity, etc.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"15BCAEC4-AF99-4929-B3DE-36242855EDD7","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"160","text":"Qualitative (subjective) judgements are outside of science: taste, smell, color, etc.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"C4EA4F3B-7EE7-497E-84DD-181E4F524BBC","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"161","text":"We only have access to the properties of an object, not the object in itself.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"B4E254DB-8EDD-414E-B03F-7CCC027E0D72","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"162","text":"I only have access to the contents of my awareness, not the underlying self that is responsible for that awareness.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"DA9917FE-9196-4EC6-A9F6-AD583C29E9F6","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"163","text":"Knowledge is the result of transactions between subject and object.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"35D954D0-954C-4FF7-AAD7-EBB4CAF16A2E","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"164","text":"Science\/knowledge begins with observation and therefore is always prone to error.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"CAD3CF95-9B23-4609-9DA2-0DAA8B1C3293","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"165","text":"Our beliefs must be able to change as the result of changing evidence.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"11","id":"DBFDC897-CB79-4285-AB11-E77A2EB0B962","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"166","text":"It is wrong for political\/religious authorities to force beliefs on others.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"12","id":"984A53A2-404F-4B13-9114-2AB0AB5C9FA8","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"167","text":"Humankind does not exist in a state of nature because it has been created in God's image.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"13","id":"BD25A2B2-CFA4-4B62-AF82-37C7A91EE8D4","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"168","text":"Free people enter into the social contract because government is better than the alternative.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"14","id":"B7138D6B-601E-4BB5-BCD7-2A34DF200CC4","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"169","text":"The people retain sovereignty, as they continue to have individual rights and the moral right to overthrow tyrannical governements.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"15","id":"0C08E740-DD57-47AA-85AA-A03AA48A423F","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"170","text":"Governments that abuse people's right, can be morally overthrown.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"16","id":"424B68BF-FB9A-472A-9E31-D6D39AFCF27A","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"171","text":"Individuals have the right to the fruits of their labor.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"17","id":"1048A53D-6A9D-4625-B619-EB4C7E3EA039","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"internalID":"172","text":"Individuals can do what they wish with regards to their property: give it, sell it, etc.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"18","id":"C74CF5DC-02E8-474A-9461-D98186184131","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"01CBC5D4-55DE-4579-8DBB-D3B8762E545C"},"internalID":"173","text":"There are three “species:” God, the source of all being, Christ, the “middle nature,” and “creature.”","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/conway\/, Author: Sarah Hutton","order":"1","id":"FD5974FF-EC81-4270-9074-6FFA66D6C691","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"01CBC5D4-55DE-4579-8DBB-D3B8762E545C"},"internalID":"174","text":"Just like God is good and just, so too are his creations.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/conway\/, Author: Sarah Hutton","order":"2","id":"F0315899-F23F-4D5E-9C98-693A118AF4E4","categoryAbbrevs":["th","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"01CBC5D4-55DE-4579-8DBB-D3B8762E545C"},"internalID":"175","text":"Like God, created substance has spirit, but, unlike God, it is constituted by particles (“monads”).","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/conway\/, Author: Sarah Hutton","order":"3","id":"28B592C6-C99A-41D9-BC59-0E7D88C8090C","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"01CBC5D4-55DE-4579-8DBB-D3B8762E545C"},"internalID":"176","text":"All creations are living, capable of motion and sensate; inert substance would contradict the nature of God, who is life itself.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/conway\/, Author: Sarah Hutton","order":"4","id":"95BFDEA0-E5F8-4325-B7D8-0D7C457EDD6B","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"01CBC5D4-55DE-4579-8DBB-D3B8762E545C"},"internalID":"177","text":"Created substance differs from the divine, primarily on account of its mutability and multiplicity.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/conway\/, Author: Sarah Hutton","order":"5","id":"BB353009-9058-4CA0-9498-4D96CD14B4DD","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"01CBC5D4-55DE-4579-8DBB-D3B8762E545C"},"internalID":"178","text":"“Middle nature” (Christ) is an intermediary being through which God communicates life, action, goodness, and justice.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/conway\/, Author: Sarah Hutton","order":"6","id":"3E92A958-1FEB-4D71-802D-8B622481DC04","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"01CBC5D4-55DE-4579-8DBB-D3B8762E545C"},"internalID":"179","text":"All entities have the capacity to become more spirit-like and refined as spiritual substance.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/conway\/, Author: Sarah Hutton","order":"7","id":"5DC2F2FB-82AD-4881-A692-726EAD07F9CD","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"01CBC5D4-55DE-4579-8DBB-D3B8762E545C"},"internalID":"180","text":"All entities have the capacity for greater goodness.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/conway\/, Author: Sarah Hutton","order":"8","id":"FF3F16D6-CCFA-438E-AAB8-454CD17DE2E4","categoryAbbrevs":["on","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"01CBC5D4-55DE-4579-8DBB-D3B8762E545C"},"internalID":"181","text":"Evil is moving away from the perfection of God; suffering is the process of spiritual recovery.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/conway\/, Author: Sarah Hutton","order":"9","id":"6F63E0F6-033F-451C-9D17-E9B6CC0488E6","categoryAbbrevs":["th","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"internalID":"182","text":"Truth is comprised of two different kinds: truths of reasoning (analytic) and truths of fact (synthetic).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"9209024A-3B2C-45EF-A7C7-15F758C45134","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"internalID":"183","text":"Judgements about truths of reason should be founded in reason and not external facts.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"9588D505-5954-46FF-8521-3280C7768165","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"internalID":"184","text":"Judgements about the truths of facts is to be founded on facts in the world.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"B30CFF8C-9D28-4175-9B88-34C647F545CE","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"internalID":"185","text":"There are a large number of worlds that are possible.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"715E675A-8A47-4F10-AEBE-2DD9C70635DA","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"internalID":"186","text":"God, being perfect, created the best of all possible worlds.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"E1CA9FC3-663B-4D14-8397-09DF370F9E11","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"internalID":"187","text":"Free will existing is better than it no; God allowed a world with evil to provide for free will.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"8770B404-5208-4269-8BED-3BDAC42BA9B1","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"internalID":"188","text":"Consciousness arises out of something that appears to be solely mechanical, but mechanical explainations of consciousness fall short.","reference":"The Monadology, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1714","order":"7","id":"A7D77A1F-21EB-403C-8D3B-2A1D14E5A7E6","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"internalID":"189","text":"All things, both matter and mind, are made up of centers of activity (monads).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"F9EB5F94-97E3-40E4-927E-D3700864C0DB","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"F6B6F3C0-C082-471A-945A-5AC37C8968D4"},"internalID":"19","text":"Even a logical argument can render a false conclusion.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"76E2E789-06AD-418C-A834-FC2BF347AF5D","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"internalID":"190","text":"Monads are a point of consciousness in space.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"3CFF1AB4-3684-46D9-AFA8-8020036F2C7A","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"internalID":"191","text":"Minds are monads.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"762001FA-C1F7-45E3-9DA6-91980237E354","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"internalID":"192","text":"God is a monad.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"11","id":"5FF1D5B1-6137-46A2-9A6E-24E057F93613","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"internalID":"193","text":"Nature has no jumps (The law of continuity).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"12","id":"773EA142-A279-4EA1-BDFC-5E39AA1C3D3B","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"47279BDA-DC4B-4B98-83E6-7DE1D7B5C4AD"},"internalID":"194","text":"The contents of our consciousness is all we can ever understand.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"B0BF8701-A88F-49AF-95DA-82369463AE1D","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"47279BDA-DC4B-4B98-83E6-7DE1D7B5C4AD"},"internalID":"195","text":"Being the subject of experiences is how we know we exist.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"870D8C88-2315-404E-B355-E25316B9F9FA","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"47279BDA-DC4B-4B98-83E6-7DE1D7B5C4AD"},"internalID":"196","text":"That experiences are connected to objects outside of us can never be known for sure.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"9B01513E-11DB-4F92-B0FD-7BC14628283B","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"47279BDA-DC4B-4B98-83E6-7DE1D7B5C4AD"},"internalID":"197","text":"With a consistent empiricism one can only conclude that what exists are solely minds and their contents.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"358FBA67-22EB-4CD3-830D-0E70342B0D9E","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"47279BDA-DC4B-4B98-83E6-7DE1D7B5C4AD"},"internalID":"198","text":"As all reality exists in God's mind, things either exist in our minds or in God's.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"A95A4723-50EC-4191-B367-CC1484A31446","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132"},"internalID":"20","text":"Greater knowledge of the universe does not change human behavior.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"1AF6236E-259A-430B-80CE-214E124CABC5","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0A1BF11A-9343-4EB1-BDFC-FDE556F448D5"},"internalID":"2000","text":"Every fact and theory in history has been revised at some point.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"1","id":"910DE600-0356-4933-934B-9DDA5EBE3D09","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0A1BF11A-9343-4EB1-BDFC-FDE556F448D5"},"internalID":"2001","text":"We are not born with ideas and concepts already in our heads.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"2","id":"50278789-289F-424E-908E-A3ABEB1E6050","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0A1BF11A-9343-4EB1-BDFC-FDE556F448D5"},"internalID":"2002","text":"Every idea and theory can be challenged.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"3","id":"E8247BD5-D829-4A6A-B0C1-DB63C6201EAE","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0A1BF11A-9343-4EB1-BDFC-FDE556F448D5"},"internalID":"2003","text":"Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"4","id":"18007355-1565-4F63-A25E-EA1C82E653E9","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0A1BF11A-9343-4EB1-BDFC-FDE556F448D5"},"internalID":"2004","text":"Government should be limited and speech should be uncensored.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"5","id":"15610893-C34E-4CEF-A825-59DA24A0F243","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3569A488-D7FE-4C58-BB4F-50AACF2A0FBA"},"internalID":"2010","text":"We aspire to a broader fuller life.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"1","id":"17E3D833-32DE-489C-85EB-8D4F079910DC","categoryAbbrevs":["on","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3569A488-D7FE-4C58-BB4F-50AACF2A0FBA"},"internalID":"2011","text":"To attain a fuller life we need to believe in the possibility of progress.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"2","id":"7568AE09-EFC6-477E-B610-555851D8E7EC","categoryAbbrevs":["et","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3569A488-D7FE-4C58-BB4F-50AACF2A0FBA"},"internalID":"2012","text":"If we lose a belief in progress, we suffer a form of death: existence without growth.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"3","id":"143BF7AB-6750-4935-BC19-41DB64465C1A","categoryAbbrevs":["ps","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3569A488-D7FE-4C58-BB4F-50AACF2A0FBA"},"internalID":"2013","text":"We must believe in life.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"4","id":"E08A2753-3521-4EC2-914F-B389F034FBCD","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3569A488-D7FE-4C58-BB4F-50AACF2A0FBA"},"internalID":"2014","text":"The problem of the 20th century is the problem of the color line.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"5","id":"5A835E93-87FE-45E9-9D9B-0E644DDE2B77","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3569A488-D7FE-4C58-BB4F-50AACF2A0FBA"},"internalID":"2015","text":"Social inequality and racism are the two major impediments to an excellent life.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"6","id":"E4C6BD56-D809-49E0-B03D-3B1BC93FE1C0","categoryAbbrevs":["so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0862B666-7295-4882-AE1C-2D84BCE4D8C8"},"internalID":"2020","text":"If the goal of feminism is to make women equal to men, it is not possible, because not all men are equal.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/bell_hooks","order":"1","id":"27608DF4-CB58-43DE-A748-DE0EAADA82A5","categoryAbbrevs":["fe","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0862B666-7295-4882-AE1C-2D84BCE4D8C8"},"internalID":"2021","text":"Popular feminist theory does not include all voices, many have been marginalized.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/bell_hooks","order":"2","id":"A54858D4-9394-4598-8D4E-C75D3CB73A12","categoryAbbrevs":["fe","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0862B666-7295-4882-AE1C-2D84BCE4D8C8"},"internalID":"2022","text":"Gender should be examined in relation to race, class, and sex (intersectionality).","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/bell_hooks","order":"3","id":"9EA35C97-89EA-452B-9CD3-8184BDBC89AC","categoryAbbrevs":["fe","po","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0862B666-7295-4882-AE1C-2D84BCE4D8C8"},"internalID":"2023","text":"Overly intellectual feminist theory will fail to engage with a broader audience.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/bell_hooks","order":"4","id":"EF625CD5-740F-4E8D-9497-987242B05544","categoryAbbrevs":["fe","po","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"70D74337-9BB7-4E5A-959B-7AA38D034313"},"internalID":"2030","text":"Women are as capable as men for any kind of work or any career.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Betty_Friedan","order":"1","id":"7822F51A-A61F-409A-9EE2-BD94C0AF6AD9","categoryAbbrevs":["fe","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"70D74337-9BB7-4E5A-959B-7AA38D034313"},"internalID":"2031","text":"Women's rights arise out of a basic human need to grow.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Betty_Friedan","order":"2","id":"8BB47AFF-BD0D-4378-8865-FBEAC26612F4","categoryAbbrevs":["fe","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"70D74337-9BB7-4E5A-959B-7AA38D034313"},"internalID":"2032","text":"The feminine ideal of the domestic goddess is imprisoning to women.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Betty_Friedan","order":"3","id":"62EDCB97-E33E-4A4A-B455-10EF82EF744B","categoryAbbrevs":["fe","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"7C09B8AB-C552-421C-8740-EDBE668CFFF4"},"internalID":"2040","text":"All media are extensions of our human senses, bodies, and minds.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marshall_McLuhan","order":"1","id":"CA985E44-F035-4412-8EFE-A3FE91F58936","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"7C09B8AB-C552-421C-8740-EDBE668CFFF4"},"internalID":"2041","text":"Different media invite different degrees of participation; some media are “hot” and require little participation by the consumer, while others are “cool” and require a large amount of participation.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marshall_McLuhan","order":"2","id":"1CA2594E-E751-45E9-9FD1-4FD068BC7059","categoryAbbrevs":["so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"205","text":"Experience is the sole way that knowledge of anything outside ourselves arises.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"2FDC1E0E-48F1-4D86-9D8E-B91902BEE68E","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2CEA35DB-CBEA-462E-BADB-FAB360F437FA"},"internalID":"2050","text":"Philosophy has been entwined with politics since the trial of Socrates.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leo_Strauss","order":"1","id":"11AAE2D9-CC25-4C15-9BD8-60B7602BDE8D","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2CEA35DB-CBEA-462E-BADB-FAB360F437FA"},"internalID":"2051","text":"The modern form of liberalism (oriented toward universal freedom) contains within it an intrinsic tendency towards extreme relativism.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leo_Strauss","order":"2","id":"72CC7AB4-87A3-419E-B3F4-6C000ED58B74","categoryAbbrevs":["po","re"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"206","text":"The self as an experiencing subject is a fiction, rather there is just a bundle of sensations.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"ABE4DA62-A368-4A89-B24C-BC555DEF6200","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2C530DBE-E736-4F42-A285-3F2236174CA2"},"internalID":"2060","text":"In suffering, the animals are our equals.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"1","id":"BA28ABC2-84FD-44CA-91C0-2E2245317714","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2C530DBE-E736-4F42-A285-3F2236174CA2"},"internalID":"2061","text":"If animals can suffer, they should be accounted for in an equal consideration of interests, and when make decisions we need to maximize happiness for all interested parties.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"2","id":"889E9934-0D34-4B4C-978F-30D4B191310E","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"207","text":"The question of the existence of God is one of fact and can only be settled by observation.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"9EFAFA08-B57A-426A-A360-711EEB86C4E1","categoryAbbrevs":["th","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3CC9B965-9C88-423A-BDA0-481F078FA3A1"},"internalID":"2070","text":"If we assume that our own government is naturally more ethical than other government, we are choosing to live in a world of comforting illusion.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"1","id":"1E1E11CE-6C03-4148-BF95-C0A47BCB21F6","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3CC9B965-9C88-423A-BDA0-481F078FA3A1"},"internalID":"2071","text":"To break with the illusion of an always benevolent government we need to look at the evidence for what our government actually does, and apply the same ethical principles that we apply to other governments to our own.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"2","id":"E092476A-3F09-447F-9638-A7B547407688","categoryAbbrevs":["po","rh"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3CC9B965-9C88-423A-BDA0-481F078FA3A1"},"internalID":"2072","text":"There is often a mismatch between the actions of a state and the rhetorical claims they make about said action.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"3","id":"44D830B4-2AC6-4DF9-8FFA-977EAD072FC2","categoryAbbrevs":["po","rh"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3CC9B965-9C88-423A-BDA0-481F078FA3A1"},"internalID":"2073","text":"We should apply to ourselves the same standards that we apply to others.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"4","id":"7E4F990A-28B8-4016-B3FE-EFF4F7FF0F39","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3CC9B965-9C88-423A-BDA0-481F078FA3A1"},"internalID":"2074","text":"Just as we should apply to ourselves the same standards that we apply to others, governments should be held to the same standards that they apply to others.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"5","id":"0CEEA287-BEA0-4C35-9620-F344863F1451","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"208","text":"Observational evidence for the existence of God does not exist; there is only indirect, inferential arguments.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"E1443E43-90B1-4993-91D9-F7580CC6876B","categoryAbbrevs":["th","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"209","text":"A personal God, Christian or Jewish, is not supported by the Argument from Design.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"608D31A4-EF97-4ADA-A89A-F3E238A4C5D6","categoryAbbrevs":["th","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5068DB3C-3870-439A-B470-FEB4CFE4E78B"},"internalID":"2090","text":"Republicanism is the best form of government.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"1","id":"9F5D954E-E177-47B4-AEEA-F4479CED6190","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132"},"internalID":"21","text":"It is important to know how to appropriately comport ourselves and our lives.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"A1C9D6DB-7F66-4318-B830-136A60F140F1","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"210","text":"Correlation is not causation; causation is not something that can be observed.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"7B9FF5A4-8F1C-404D-886D-B9BD92E8A8ED","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E"},"internalID":"2100","text":"The convenience of modern photography has created an overabundance of visual material.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Susan_Sontag","order":"1","id":"9B54835B-1849-4516-A44B-8F687E9B0C47","categoryAbbrevs":["ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E"},"internalID":"2101","text":"Photography desensitizes its audience to horrific human experiences.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Susan_Sontag","order":"2","id":"4AF82F09-FD11-4303-A8B1-F7378AFD6D77","categoryAbbrevs":["ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E"},"internalID":"2102","text":"The recent style of interpreting art is harmful; it enforces fallacious, complicated “readings” that engulf an artwork.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Against_Interpretation","order":"3","id":"2D24460F-A68B-4651-9421-48A37FEDF0CA","categoryAbbrevs":["ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E"},"internalID":"2103","text":"Photography fostered an attitude of anti-intervention; the individual who seeks to record cannot intervene, just as the person who intervenes cannot record.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/On_Photography","order":"4","id":"891B1609-C386-42DA-B538-3A940097CF37","categoryAbbrevs":["ae","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"211","text":"I may always observe <i>x<\/i>’s having the property <i>y<\/i>, however that is not proof that the next <i>x<\/i> I see will have property <i>y<\/i>.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"876B7EC7-1EFE-4A86-9C95-13BB91916B8D","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"23D25599-26AE-4D64-BA4F-801B054D41DB"},"internalID":"2110","text":"If woman are so frail that they need special treatment, why has no one ever offered her, a black woman, the traditional gentlemanly deference due a woman.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ain%27t_I_a_Woman%3F","order":"1","id":"11074D87-3BD0-4673-835E-1B8AF2F0741F","categoryAbbrevs":["po","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"212","text":"A cause-effect relationship should not be defined as a conceptual necessity.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"8","id":"6063E60F-6AEA-4C67-925D-206CE6E545D9","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"internalID":"2120","text":"Most so-called luxuries and comforts hinder rather than promote elevation of humankind.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_David_Thoreau","order":"1","id":"290A5F63-BA75-462C-B930-2B8939EE137E","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"internalID":"2121","text":"The best form of government is that which governs not at all, but humanity is not ready for that.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_David_Thoreau","order":"2","id":"58C85B90-6796-460D-B365-781B651E9CCC","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"internalID":"2122","text":"The individual is the final judge of right and wrong; only individuals can act unjustly.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civil_disobedience","order":"3","id":"1C90DCBA-0B32-47EA-9FC8-29D5E72117C6","categoryAbbrevs":["po","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"internalID":"2123","text":"Nature is emblematic of higher truths; the material world has value by virtue of being a subsidiary product of mental reality.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/thoreau, Author: Furtak, Rick Anthony","order":"4","id":"4A2B5264-921C-4FFD-830D-7A0C8229986C","categoryAbbrevs":["on","me"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"internalID":"2124","text":"Our ability to appreciate the significance of phenomena is easily dulled; it is necessary to cultivate a discipline in order retain an ability to know of the world.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/thoreau, Author: Furtak, Rick Anthony","order":"5","id":"7DE15AE2-62C0-4754-BF74-5E13D6898CB2","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"213","text":"We cannot know anything for sure theoretically, but, practically, we should live as if we do know.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"2885ABB9-4326-4EE2-8EBB-C6EBF20BA085","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9167C1C4-D3E7-4081-B3F8-00371397B356"},"internalID":"2130","text":"One should find one's place in the universe.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meditations","order":"1","id":"00A59E87-08D4-4E5C-B8A4-7DA384636F03","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9167C1C4-D3E7-4081-B3F8-00371397B356"},"internalID":"2131","text":"Everything came from nature and all will return to nature in time.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meditations","order":"2","id":"9DC8E0F3-EBA4-47BF-99C0-1261D8E6C3C4","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9167C1C4-D3E7-4081-B3F8-00371397B356"},"internalID":"2132","text":"One should maintain focus without distraction while not compromising on being a good person.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meditations","order":"3","id":"BABD0E23-1664-4B6C-BAE1-71C6EC99E383","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"214","text":"Reason does not drive us; rather, reason is a slave to the passions.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"5E163212-620F-470A-AE23-A4BF5A7C23BB","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5A8FE409-3961-4472-B28D-2201CD4B9311"},"internalID":"2140","text":"Natural laws apply to all matters, without exception, to both organic and inorganic material.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Spencer","order":"1","id":"16033273-25DF-4BF1-9B02-E7F288FC4BBD","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5A8FE409-3961-4472-B28D-2201CD4B9311"},"internalID":"2141","text":"All natural laws can be reduced to one fundamental law: the law of evolution.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Spencer","order":"2","id":"3D920A37-5C26-42CC-8651-974BA9A36DE3","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5A8FE409-3961-4472-B28D-2201CD4B9311"},"internalID":"2142","text":"Societies can be divided into two types: militant (structured around hierarchy and obedience) and industrial (based around valuntary, contractual obligations).","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Spencer","order":"3","id":"47306D52-3E74-41C6-B06B-67B515631BCE","categoryAbbrevs":["so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5A8FE409-3961-4472-B28D-2201CD4B9311"},"internalID":"2143","text":"Both religion and science can only provide relative knowledge, and most of the facts about the Power that the universe manifests is utterly inscrutable.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Spencer","order":"4","id":"524B583C-4E83-4825-9F74-5653212EF152","categoryAbbrevs":["th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5A8FE409-3961-4472-B28D-2201CD4B9311"},"internalID":"2144","text":"The state is not an essential institution and it will decay as voluntary markets replace the coercive aspects of the state.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Spencer","order":"5","id":"FAE8171D-5FC0-45AB-93F7-985EEC6D871A","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"215","text":"Certainty can only been known with analytic statements of truth.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"11","id":"DE43B986-8334-4019-8C5F-268CEF085B6C","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FD34BB43-EDB4-42D7-A484-4E97190C6061"},"internalID":"2150","text":"Empires plunder and control, while masking their abuses of power by talking about a “civilizing” mission.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"1","id":"440DD2A3-7174-4C12-B475-4B529B26EEFF","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FD34BB43-EDB4-42D7-A484-4E97190C6061"},"internalID":"2151","text":"Every empire tells itself and the world that it is unlike all other empires.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"2","id":"3BCDEBD4-8139-4A97-9B83-4E25667F9907","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FD34BB43-EDB4-42D7-A484-4E97190C6061"},"internalID":"2152","text":"We should be wary of claims by any state undertaking foreign interventions.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"3","id":"83F0CBC6-BCAE-49A4-A08F-F1C1A770D942","categoryAbbrevs":["po","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"216","text":"“Theories of Everything” (in philosophy, science, etc.) are ridiculous, as uncertainty abounds.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"12","id":"C8FC7C04-E879-4199-BBFA-B49C2AD77831","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"21EA4F15-56AC-40E0-9BA9-3CBF23D3A669"},"internalID":"2160","text":"We construct our lives more out of facts than out of convictions.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"1","id":"04796128-92FA-4994-BEF0-E18E50FD88B5","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"21EA4F15-56AC-40E0-9BA9-3CBF23D3A669"},"internalID":"2161","text":"The only way of knowing a person is to love them without hope.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"2","id":"12AF3829-9ABA-4B02-9587-EB31741D12B8","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"21EA4F15-56AC-40E0-9BA9-3CBF23D3A669"},"internalID":"2162","text":"With industrialization, art has become so easy to produce and reproduce that art no longer has the aura it once had. ","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Work_of_Art_in_the_Age_of_Mechanical_Reproduction","order":"3","id":"C10C525F-EA5D-4999-8EFC-9B85879FFF1A","categoryAbbrevs":["ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"217","text":"Opinions are fallible, we should hold them diffidently and respect those of others.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"13","id":"065F3141-7341-4636-BB2A-C6EB2420266D","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"96DB522E-2DB7-4F43-8D44-ABD78ECDF1E2"},"internalID":"2170","text":"Capitalism's growth is due in part to the Protestant work ethic.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"1","id":"5D0D042D-1659-4FFA-90C9-1E2839973B51","categoryAbbrevs":["so","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"96DB522E-2DB7-4F43-8D44-ABD78ECDF1E2"},"internalID":"2171","text":"A nation must have a set boundary and monopoly on the use of force. ","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"2","id":"7D670297-E7C6-4DA9-89F0-74DF352B5222","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"96DB522E-2DB7-4F43-8D44-ABD78ECDF1E2"},"internalID":"2171","text":"Science has the effect of disenchanting the world.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"2","id":"E2FC60C5-A89D-4B46-9EE3-19AB1762639B","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"218","text":"Conclusions with “ought” statements from “is” statements need to be examined carefully.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"14","id":"83485B4C-113F-405B-8097-0FE26636B5D2","categoryAbbrevs":["et","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E54F0371-327C-49FB-8EAA-53CEB7E4190A"},"internalID":"2180","text":"The US prison system more closely resembles a new form of slavery than a criminal justice system.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Angela_Davis","order":"1","id":"0BCF24C9-878A-47C7-BEBB-BE8E1DFD73FF","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E54F0371-327C-49FB-8EAA-53CEB7E4190A"},"internalID":"2181","text":"Imperialism is at the root of nearly all the oppression suffered by populations.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Angela_Davis","order":"2","id":"FFF1CA14-B676-49F3-9523-2F62CF7BF6E9","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"219","text":"Moral judgements, rather than arrived at from reason, are expressions of our internal, sentimental motivations.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"15","id":"102C8557-4ADE-497F-B69C-07FC2FE3F154","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C3897DE8-3A6B-456E-9CEE-387FC96C738C"},"internalID":"2190","text":"Tranquillity depends upon detachment from the opinion of others.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"1","id":"8AE8BF5C-A914-4927-9EC1-61A134A714B3","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C3897DE8-3A6B-456E-9CEE-387FC96C738C"},"internalID":"2191","text":"If we seek fame, which is glory in the eyes of others, we must seek their good opinion.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"2","id":"F6B89D51-8234-4629-B3B7-E6EA64883579","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C3897DE8-3A6B-456E-9CEE-387FC96C738C"},"internalID":"2192","text":"If we seek fame we cannot reach detachment.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"3","id":"89A50128-81B3-41BA-A368-BD3D6057441F","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C3897DE8-3A6B-456E-9CEE-387FC96C738C"},"internalID":"2193","text":"Fame and tranquillity can never be bedfellows.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"4","id":"6096189B-2462-4119-BC1D-67BBF38601CA","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132"},"internalID":"22","text":"Metaphysical things like “justice” do exist; but immaterially, and only as some sort of essence.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"19F72446-B5DE-4611-ABF7-9FBF6C58F03A","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"internalID":"220","text":"Beauty is a product of the mind that contemplates that which is deemed beautiful.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"16","id":"87DDCA65-4CF8-4F93-A229-BAA7F5E5F2C2","categoryAbbrevs":["ae","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"18E45730-7891-48FD-A3EA-1447CBD25273"},"internalID":"2200","text":"The ending of the Cold War marks the end point of humankind's ideological evolution and Western liberal democracy is the final form of human government.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_Fukuyama","order":"1","id":"73C7F807-5590-48F3-A0B9-5ED4666B23CC","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"internalID":"221","text":"In the state of nature, humans  are a kind of noble savage: good, loving justice, and order.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"1E98DD5B-EAA1-42A3-BBE3-926BFE3853AB","categoryAbbrevs":["po","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"D070CF3D-759D-47D0-8A7B-8B1637C89F78"},"internalID":"2210","text":"The greatness of a nation should not be judged by its material wealth but by the degree to which it adheres eternal truths.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_Fukuyama","order":"1","id":"4B736C84-487C-4CBA-A058-28CE9FCF2B60","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"internalID":"222","text":"Civilization has a corrupting affect on humans; it imposes artificial modes of thinking represses feelings.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"0EB7DF93-D091-4D62-A80A-1E5987218B1F","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9AB7B738-3926-4290-BA69-70D0A2F5EEC2"},"internalID":"2220","text":"Every “substantial form” proceeds from God, and participates in His divine nature according to its nobility.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/dante, Authors: Wetherbee, Winthrop and Aleksander, Jason","order":"1","id":"0B3FC3BE-BCAD-445D-8140-4C4CC8E087DE","categoryAbbrevs":["th","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"internalID":"223","text":"It is no longer possible to be uncivilized, so we should change civilization to allow for instincts and feelings to be free.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"7EF62972-EAAA-4F3A-A1FF-E2D014F86C66","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"389472AB-3BF9-4E5E-BB9E-A5B858BFD20D"},"internalID":"2230","text":"Human progress can be divided into three key stages: theological, metaphysical, and positivist.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"1","id":"5C38D0AB-8E01-4870-8DCE-9E2FA5B6EDD9","categoryAbbrevs":["on","so","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"389472AB-3BF9-4E5E-BB9E-A5B858BFD20D"},"internalID":"2231","text":"The positivist age is the highest form and is genuinely scientific and is based solely on observable regularities.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"2","id":"3163ABA1-728F-4C99-A82E-85AEA2DBC581","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"389472AB-3BF9-4E5E-BB9E-A5B858BFD20D"},"internalID":"2232","text":"Moral doctrine owes nothing to the supernatural.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"3","id":"1FB8AFB8-F613-4C12-85F9-695B615744F5","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"internalID":"224","text":"Children's natural tendencies should be encouraged; this is how education should proceed.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"CB4EAE25-07EC-45DB-8C17-E70876BC6A0D","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"CB9D4E17-71FE-46FD-B08C-C090398FDA95"},"internalID":"2240","text":"There's a difference between the early work of Marx which focuses on Hegel and the late works of Marx which is more “scientific,” epitomized by <i>Das Kapital<\/i>.","reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"4EC8E7D5-C8D7-4D36-AACF-067083AAC6B5","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"CB9D4E17-71FE-46FD-B08C-C090398FDA95"},"internalID":"2241","text":"One is determined by structual condition not individual agency.","reference":"The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"0C2891A5-1097-49C1-9BD8-4CA9EF2D7CAB","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"internalID":"225","text":"Education should use experience of people and things to teach not books.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"6A417887-F713-48B4-A2FA-2BE6C43B0261","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"A9272AC1-8524-4429-A7C1-2EECBDBB4920"},"internalID":"2250","text":"Despotism is an ever-present danger for any government that's not already despotic.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/montesquieu\/, Author: Hilary Bok","order":"1","id":"DBF823B1-8E87-46B4-A4C3-6AFB4F58335F","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"A9272AC1-8524-4429-A7C1-2EECBDBB4920"},"internalID":"2251","text":"Despotism can be prevented by a system in which power is divided between legislative, executive, and judicial bodies.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/montesquieu\/, Author: Hilary Bok","order":"2","id":"CB5B19D7-7702-4B1C-9AFE-84E4DAFE63C4","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"internalID":"226","text":"Families, not schools, should be responsible for education; love, not rules and punishment, creates an environment for learning.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"102C4218-EBDC-4C67-89E3-90AA99709C64","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"645F4A3B-9F64-47D4-B757-A7B4FDE705D1"},"internalID":"2260","text":"Philosophy is a creative process for constructing conepts, rather than attempt to unconver reality.","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"1","id":"2DD127D3-F268-49AF-8057-CC707E521407","categoryAbbrevs":["on","me"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"645F4A3B-9F64-47D4-B757-A7B4FDE705D1"},"internalID":"2261","text":"Works centered around the history of philosophy can be constructive not just explicative.","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"2","id":"209963E0-B5E2-4E5A-9EBA-2182069BA624","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"645F4A3B-9F64-47D4-B757-A7B4FDE705D1"},"internalID":"2262","text":"Traditional understanding of identity in philosophy as difference being a derivative of identity is reversed. Identity is derived from difference.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gilles_Deleuze","order":"3","id":"F14ECEA7-60AB-436E-A959-02615114BAF0","categoryAbbrevs":["me"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"internalID":"227","text":"Religion is emtional rather than intellectual.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"137C030A-1107-4107-A646-5F1196EF20F8","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"internalID":"228","text":"Society has a will of its own (general will).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"AB42259E-A086-403E-8A4A-0D50FCE01DF2","categoryAbbrevs":["po","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"internalID":"229","text":"Laws should be the result of everybody voting for what is best for all, expressing the “general will.”","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"B3A72B0F-3F70-4211-969D-A8C8A459ADB0","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132"},"internalID":"23","text":"Conducting oneself with integrity prevents any true long-term harm.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"67B65CE4-A7F7-4A8A-8E25-81471C0B5610","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"internalID":"230","text":"Citizens individual interest is subordinate to the “general will.”","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"95A8682C-3FDB-4C8D-A29D-6E261B63EE9A","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D8B3352-8007-4BDD-BCCE-0D281E1FB1AF"},"internalID":"2300","text":"Serious questions about the nature of political power are obscured by trying to justify utopia's elusiveness","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"1","id":"5475D9BA-0FE2-497C-B4CD-D97CE24F917C","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"internalID":"231","text":" Execution of the power of the state can be delegated whomever is choosen: a monarch, politicians, etc.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"11","id":"8D5CB3A4-0C70-4FC1-BDDA-FB1025812D07","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D8B3352-8007-4BDD-BCCE-0D281E1FB1AF"},"internalID":"2310","text":"The best Marxist analyses are always analyses of a failure.","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"2","id":"E657E185-5F1E-412E-B27A-07CEEEB4812C","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"75D800D1-AB13-4192-931A-5866DAF44773"},"internalID":"2310","text":"Scepticism is the first step on the path toward truth","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"1","id":"2383542A-A1C4-4981-9A3E-6BCEB29D99E2","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"67D1A0D2-6C50-4D1A-B733-AC2D21662EE8"},"internalID":"2310","text":"In modern societies, images mediate social relations.","reference":"Society of the Spectacle, 1967","order":"1","id":"88119A84-628A-483B-923E-C54D704B6506","categoryAbbrevs":["so","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"67D1A0D2-6C50-4D1A-B733-AC2D21662EE8"},"internalID":"2311","text":"The modern condition is defined, in part, by life being a giant accumulation of spectacles.","reference":"Society of the Spectacle, 1967","order":"2","id":"FF091C8B-E36D-4377-9CA8-416713C29690","categoryAbbrevs":["so","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"internalID":"232","text":"The larger population might be an ill-informed, short-sighted legislative body.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"12","id":"37B71899-7445-4C3D-95C2-8E45C7CD6E2A","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FF162966-A088-498E-B984-0735E96858F3"},"internalID":"2320","text":"Many of the decisions made by humans are not made by conscious decision making but rather by unconscious factors passed down through generations.","reference":"Modern Man in Search of a Soul, 1933","order":"1","id":"985FAA3E-4199-4F7B-A65B-CA68EBA0323B","categoryAbbrevs":["ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FF162966-A088-498E-B984-0735E96858F3"},"internalID":"2321","text":"The recurring metal images or themes that make up the collective unsconscious are \"archetypes.\"","reference":"The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious, 1934","order":"2","id":"2B49028C-A61B-4071-BB06-BE44D53CEB38","categoryAbbrevs":["ps","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"internalID":"233","text":"“Legislators,” leaders in tune with the general will, are responsible for drafting legislation and persuading people. ","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"13","id":"1BEBCBDE-8011-4F3D-B280-EE382CFD1034","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8CDFDB0C-F4F4-40F9-B00D-0C7EB20E9D1F"},"internalID":"2330","text":"It is better to appreciate what one has and have little than have much and want more. ","reference":"Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, 65 CE","order":"1","id":"8EFD86DE-2629-4FDF-A066-6FC2CEAE128D","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8CDFDB0C-F4F4-40F9-B00D-0C7EB20E9D1F"},"internalID":"2330","text":"It is better to live a meaningful life than a long life.","reference":"Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, 65 CE","order":"1","id":"4212934D-3DB4-4451-958B-F14461FFFCDA","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"internalID":"234","text":"No mind can possibly understand society for it is too big and complex. ","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"8BC61A97-C8C2-45C8-88FA-D18B6D53F120","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ep","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2D20127D-37CB-4D70-B0D0-DC30C6F9A2C3"},"internalID":"2340","text":"Semiotics and the study of signs is useful in showing the second-order signs and connotations of bourgeois cultural myths.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roland_Barthes","order":"1","id":"D0FCEEA0-2EB0-4E40-BF23-C0344231C449","categoryAbbrevs":["la","ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2D20127D-37CB-4D70-B0D0-DC30C6F9A2C3"},"internalID":"2341","text":"The notion of the author in literary criticism forces a projection of an ultimate meaning of the text.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roland_Barthes","order":"2","id":"C0A358D7-F1A7-471A-9DF9-D4D19B47AFDD","categoryAbbrevs":["la","ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2D20127D-37CB-4D70-B0D0-DC30C6F9A2C3"},"internalID":"2342","text":"The proliferation of meaning in language and the state of an author's mind ultimately being unknowable makes a singular meaning of a text impossible.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roland_Barthes","order":"3","id":"E67CD62C-AFE9-424B-9EB7-52A73B73314A","categoryAbbrevs":["la","ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2D20127D-37CB-4D70-B0D0-DC30C6F9A2C3"},"internalID":"2343","text":"Because meaning of a text cannot come from the author, it is created by the reader through a process of textual analysis.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roland_Barthes","order":"4","id":"BD8DA127-FE9B-4786-9733-17B99BA04683","categoryAbbrevs":["la","ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"internalID":"235","text":"Society is more akin to a living organism than a machine that can be modified at will.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"A3684DBF-09CB-4DA5-8F1F-0D8A2B81FF92","categoryAbbrevs":["po","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"590670FA-ADBE-4D76-8791-02A88B5E4CC0"},"internalID":"2350","text":"Democracy, social justice and peace are mutually reinforcing; they all have to advance together to achieve any one.","reference":"Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jane_Addams","order":"1","id":"A611867B-BEF9-42ED-8B4E-66FE6EF2964B","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"internalID":"236","text":"Political change realistically happens organically, not by revolution.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"E9D0BFEE-D5EE-4007-9892-62E9FBD9C526","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"internalID":"2360","text":"There is a unity of nature that extends to every particle of matter.","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"1","id":"EF62F2DF-68A8-41F1-8269-769FC0F813F4","categoryAbbrevs":["on","me"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"internalID":"2361","text":"One should reject the comforts of comformity and traditional authority","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"2","id":"1CFABB10-4EA5-4E0A-93A8-E7447567F7EA","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"internalID":"2362","text":"Personal integrity and self-reliance are moral imperatives.","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"3","id":"B5D6D411-9C79-4563-BF6C-FFBB66829286","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"internalID":"237","text":"Each generation has the duty to pass on the treasures it inherited from the past.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"B0A7A3EE-ABC4-4AD0-8C01-C67398DF3D38","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D733901-82BE-416A-A9B6-ECCFBA9B196D"},"internalID":"2370","text":"It would benefit all humankind if women were allowed to receive higher education as women, primarily, educate young children.","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"1","id":"C35F1D94-BFEA-42F0-B977-3FA15205063D","categoryAbbrevs":["fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"B312F276-6D2F-4A0F-BE45-C4F561FD6358"},"internalID":"2370","text":"Mathematics, unlike other sciences, can be used to arrive at certainty.","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"1","id":"6CA714AA-699B-4759-B725-A25141BA2AA6","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"B312F276-6D2F-4A0F-BE45-C4F561FD6358"},"internalID":"2371","text":"Experimentation should be used to develop scientific knowledge.","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"2","id":"FB8413B8-66FC-474E-82B5-303D8A07566C","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"internalID":"238","text":"The idea of a perfect society is flawed because humans are imperfect creatures.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"1A3E3F6E-93AF-47D9-948E-CC5B45D97137","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1B5A089D-F27A-4D71-BE93-959B0FCD7600"},"internalID":"2380","text":"In capitalist societies there is a terrifying harmony of freedom and oppression, productivity and destruction, growth and regression.","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"1","id":"591408D8-D006-4B48-ABF0-88F115E89B20","categoryAbbrevs":["ec","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1B5A089D-F27A-4D71-BE93-959B0FCD7600"},"internalID":"2381","text":"One assumes that the society one lives in is just and rational, but when one looks closely, one might find that they are neither.","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"2","id":"401DF91B-2B85-422F-BBC2-14E24C51DDFB","categoryAbbrevs":["po","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1B5A089D-F27A-4D71-BE93-959B0FCD7600"},"internalID":"2382","text":"We should use reason to critique the society we live in.","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"3","id":"876BDFDD-F081-47E3-975F-E3DE412DB0AB","categoryAbbrevs":["po","et","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"internalID":"239","text":"People have extremely unequal talents and ambitions, and governments must deal with them as they are.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"51C9CCC5-4AA8-4588-A47B-91E980AE14C8","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"D719C6D9-93D0-49F0-9EC9-3E2351553B10"},"internalID":"2390","text":"Centrally planned economies will fail because the individuals tasks with planning the economy will not have enough information to allocate resouces correctly.","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"1","id":"C9B1E146-846E-49E3-B35F-2A3CD39A0837","categoryAbbrevs":["ec","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"D719C6D9-93D0-49F0-9EC9-3E2351553B10"},"internalID":"2391","text":"Collectivism can only be maintained by some form of central authority.","reference":"\"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011\"","order":"1","id":"87A6851B-4DCF-44AD-8D70-659FD414B354","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132"},"internalID":"24","text":"Pity should be reserved for the perpetrator of injustice, not its victim.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"B2F1DE32-E6D0-430E-AB42-37AB183FC3FA","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"internalID":"240","text":"Government is run better under practical-minded men than under clever theoreticians.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"13FA90C0-B0DC-41A8-AC45-8CF5913B7B20","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"00F678EA-6C9A-4D0F-90D1-D3CA9ADE11CB"},"internalID":"2400","text":"The power of the state to restrict individual liberties should be limited to preventing harm done to others.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt","order":"1","id":"A4447D20-4A9A-4B77-8CCB-83943D703953","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"00F678EA-6C9A-4D0F-90D1-D3CA9ADE11CB"},"internalID":"2401","text":"Education should not be simply preparation for labor but rather to make individuals well-informed human beings and citizens.","reference":"Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt","order":"2","id":"ECB6F05A-B12B-4B96-AB6C-FE9A47BB7274","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"internalID":"241","text":"Works of great art seeks to find the infinite, which is not clear, it has the allure of the unknown, the sublime.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"0DD7A880-F1F8-4228-BDA8-C64A6ACF1C1A","categoryAbbrevs":["ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"242","text":"Knowledge for humans is limited by our sensory organs and brains, which are limited.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"737929E3-9BA2-4EA2-BC42-83633C3CDFE2","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"243","text":"Consciousness, being created by our bodily apparatus, is a limited representation of the outside world.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"3F0183F3-C0E6-4EDE-AABD-527A2055E787","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"244","text":"Our senses produce accurate but limited amounts of information: a sketch but not the full picture.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"CF5978AB-7DEE-4A70-AC54-125E6CE5F37A","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"245","text":"Things in-themselves (<i>noumena<\/i>) has nothing to do with our impressions (<i>phenomena<\/i>) of them.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"A119885F-4C6E-4ED1-8458-ACFA01D68ED9","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"246","text":"Things as they are (<i>noumena<\/i>) is not accessable to us.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"54DDBB0C-32F7-42B9-832E-45460149D29D","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"247","text":"Beings cannot understand their own nature.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"B2E87ECD-3DA9-4190-8C83-1F26B66608F5","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"248","text":"Space, time, and causality are different kinds of sensibility and understanding, not properties of things.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"28DDDEAF-F73B-42A3-95AA-B51D9762043E","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"249","text":"Synthetic <i>a priori<\/i> judgements can be made that are based on pure intuitions (our formal representation of space and time).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"A7C33401-7BCC-43FE-966F-C80C03EC8E4F","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132"},"internalID":"25","text":"Wrong is committed out of ignorance; no one knowingly does wrong.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"415E2AE1-6D15-4260-A6EC-53CC79D42710","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"250","text":"Existence is a metaphysical precondition for the instantiation of properties.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"72A3EA0F-9AD3-48B9-9D26-FF9BC720058C","categoryAbbrevs":["th","on","me"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"251","text":"It is not possible to know\/prove that God\/souls exist because the limits of our senses preclude it.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"9E643ECF-00D6-498E-B3E7-14FC04873AA7","categoryAbbrevs":["th","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"252","text":"Material objects in space and time can be understood throught science.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"11","id":"6FF456E2-A268-4DB0-A90E-3815B59C1339","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"253","text":"Free will is not possible if we are objects in space and time subject to scientific laws.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"12","id":"CB49FE89-1C2B-4EC8-A61E-EF26F9DE1472","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"254","text":"We believe we have free will, at least some of the time; this is demonstrated by our moral concepts (good, right, duty, etc.).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"13","id":"8FC0DDA5-BC7E-48B3-9204-1798072E3215","categoryAbbrevs":["on","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"255","text":"We hold the believe that decisions are made in a non-empirical ream that affects our bodies.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"14","id":"CC28FD0A-B12A-4C6C-A3F0-0CDC433ADA67","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"256","text":"Rationality is a requirment for morality.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"15","id":"EC59D78C-E4DF-482E-B496-14C42753BBF9","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"257","text":"Moral judgements are imperatives, because morality takes as its issure the choice of action.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"16","id":"787A9998-6274-4A1A-B8DF-19956C294E61","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"258","text":"Just as the empirical world is govern by scientific laws so too is the moral world governed by universal moral laws.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"17","id":"E03F8EFA-F42C-4D8A-9B6B-01E3ECC7B501","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"},"internalID":"259","text":"You should abide by the categorical imperative — act in accordance to maxims which you can will to be universal laws.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"18","id":"77AD7931-E781-4D5E-9D35-9F778B58D34B","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132"},"internalID":"26","text":"There are no stable truths; everything should be questioned.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"5D294DD4-A727-4EA0-9F0E-F951F75818CF","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0775D2F7-5F3D-4003-B101-A27738F1DF5D"},"internalID":"260","text":"Whether an action is right or wrong is determined by its outcome.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"98D9FB54-1285-45A2-BE98-60019A810281","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0775D2F7-5F3D-4003-B101-A27738F1DF5D"},"internalID":"261","text":"Actions with good consequences give pleasure to someone (and bad — pain).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"8116C8A8-F20F-456D-A995-6129FB8E8728","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0775D2F7-5F3D-4003-B101-A27738F1DF5D"},"internalID":"262","text":"The right thing to do is that which maximizes pleasure over pain.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"45EE51C3-984C-4791-8754-A6BC763E302D","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0775D2F7-5F3D-4003-B101-A27738F1DF5D"},"internalID":"263","text":"When weighing effects on pleasure and pain all are considered equal.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"E4259321-56B8-4543-B4ED-A4BF3DB8C1D2","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0775D2F7-5F3D-4003-B101-A27738F1DF5D"},"internalID":"264","text":"The greatest happiness for the greatest number should be foundational in morals and politics.","reference":"‘The Commonplace Book’ in Works (Editor: J. Bowring), Jeremy Bentham, 1843","order":"5","id":"9660AFF3-4DDC-408A-A6E6-7A64782F3939","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0775D2F7-5F3D-4003-B101-A27738F1DF5D"},"internalID":"265","text":"Punishment is a kind of evil.","reference":"Principles of Morals and Legislation, Jeremy Bentham, 1789","order":"6","id":"E0C3A66C-8572-4B1A-9364-C4E37B87395E","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0775D2F7-5F3D-4003-B101-A27738F1DF5D"},"internalID":"266","text":"Because ethics is determined by pleasure\/pain, laws should protect all sensitive beings.","reference":"Principles of Morals and Legislation, Jeremy Bentham, 1789","order":"7","id":"25B449DF-6FB4-4A1E-B28D-5EBDBDEFE332","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"internalID":"267","text":"All social and political relations can be explained and made transparent.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/wollstonecraft\/, Author: Sylvana Tomaselli","order":"1","id":"4665B39B-D0CD-429A-A481-99D33E212383","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"internalID":"268","text":"Evil is made by humans, as God made everything right and good.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/wollstonecraft\/, Author: Sylvana Tomaselli","order":"2","id":"6B449036-D0C5-478C-AA34-BCD2D20B7B54","categoryAbbrevs":["et","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"internalID":"269","text":"Rights coincide with  duties; people not give their natural rights cannot be expected to perform their duties.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/wollstonecraft\/, Author: Sylvana Tomaselli","order":"3","id":"D75F68F3-FC08-435D-B58C-02C2AC9374F3","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"27","text":"Permanent ideals (Forms) exist outside time and space; in this world, we experience only ephemeral copies (Particulars) of those ideals. ","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"8D96CB2C-7B2D-46ED-8AB4-0622D892CA9E","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"internalID":"270","text":"A completely new relationship needs to be established between men and women to have a truly moral society.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/wollstonecraft\/, Author: Sylvana Tomaselli","order":"4","id":"6C59093C-4FBB-4DA9-A51E-E81DFB064CE5","categoryAbbrevs":["et","fe","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"internalID":"271","text":"Women are not prepared for the expectations placed on them; they are imprisoned as social beings by the duties expected of them.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/wollstonecraft\/, Author: Sylvana Tomaselli","order":"5","id":"5980F8AC-EC80-4A17-81E5-119ADB23436A","categoryAbbrevs":["et","fe","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"internalID":"272","text":"Women should not be judged by their appearance, rather they should be educated the same manner as men and taught to become rational and independent.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/wollstonecraft\/, Author: Sylvana Tomaselli","order":"6","id":"A601DD08-81C4-4F12-823B-8CED718DD0D3","categoryAbbrevs":["et","fe","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"internalID":"273","text":"Marriages out of financial necessity should be a thing of the past, women should be able to work and support themselves and their children.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/wollstonecraft\/, Author: Sylvana Tomaselli","order":"7","id":"C7EEFAF7-C575-4D2C-9DF5-6A674AE5DC7F","categoryAbbrevs":["et","fe","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"internalID":"274","text":"Women should have civil and political rights, and they should vote for representatives of their own.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/wollstonecraft\/, Author: Sylvana Tomaselli","order":"8","id":"BD2B9814-46FC-4940-9209-FF2A2A1918CF","categoryAbbrevs":["et","fe","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"28","text":"Our messy world is superimposed on a deeper reality that conforms to the perfection of mathematics.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"3F2CF5D7-046E-4CCE-A296-3C9C15F2A6FA","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2EE09BAD-1395-4394-8F6F-EB591069AE66"},"internalID":"281","text":"Empirical observations cannot yield scientific laws through deduction.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"8018314F-B8DF-433F-9BA4-5DD0B655F6A9","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2EE09BAD-1395-4394-8F6F-EB591069AE66"},"internalID":"282","text":"Scientific laws can predict empirical observations through deduction.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"EF84ECDF-F1D7-4643-8DD8-AED5DC4DA709","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2EE09BAD-1395-4394-8F6F-EB591069AE66"},"internalID":"283","text":"The universe is the product of the self, with logical constraints, based on our conception of it.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"617A14FA-CB3A-49AB-881C-1992F1353963","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2EE09BAD-1395-4394-8F6F-EB591069AE66"},"internalID":"284","text":"We experience ourselves, not through rational introspection, but through moralizing.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"E2B259FD-FB07-4320-BE45-BF1B37F485DE","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2EE09BAD-1395-4394-8F6F-EB591069AE66"},"internalID":"285","text":"The persistence of the self is revealed to us through our bearing moral responsibility.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"D63D8BFC-238A-48C8-A3B2-03BFF3D9911C","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"2EE09BAD-1395-4394-8F6F-EB591069AE66"},"internalID":"286","text":"Reality is moral, as reality is created by our moral acts.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"0A027FE6-C143-4A79-8585-B9A88D8A088E","categoryAbbrevs":["on","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"29","text":"The deeper, more perfect reality can be accessed solely through the intellect.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"A8DF2C28-E328-4002-B147-CF25BCA98678","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"},"internalID":"290","text":"Existence is made up of <i>Geist<\/i> (spirit-mind).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"F3AA647D-2D51-4A6B-879F-4D3CD14614DD","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"},"internalID":"291","text":"Change pervades everything and evolves through an intelligible (not arbitary) process.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"C1A082DA-4BAC-463E-83A5-996F94010C9B","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"},"internalID":"292","text":"History is the process by which <i>Geist<\/i> develops towards self-awareness.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"843E1189-F8AE-44D0-853F-D588B55DB39A","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"},"internalID":"293","text":"The Dialectical Process is formulated as Thesis (first stage) + Antithesis (reactions, conflicts) = Synthesis (a new thesis)","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"A451346E-720E-48A5-8E85-94F238B5E3BD","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"},"internalID":"294","text":"Change is pushed along by historical forces; the individual is subject to this flow.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"62CE644D-2F06-4D41-854D-6E9262818F32","categoryAbbrevs":["on","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"},"internalID":"295","text":"There will be an end-stage when <i>Geist<\/i> reaches self-awareness; change will stop (the Absolute) and everything will be harmonious.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"3ABD6CB9-B8F3-4B1C-9079-BAADE0A01600","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"},"internalID":"296","text":"External forces (insitutions\/rules\/inventions) become constraints on us, alienating us from ourselves.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"6904F5FC-3230-4C8B-BF88-DBE586E7200B","categoryAbbrevs":["on","et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"},"internalID":"297","text":"We are one with God, but we project qualities on God (omniscience, etc.) that alienate us from Him.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"AB58E03F-D19D-4117-9DF5-EF4E410FB903","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"},"internalID":"298","text":"Self-consciousness depends on recognizing others as similarly recognizing oneself as a self-conscious subject.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/hegel\/, Author: Paul Redding","order":"9","id":"753015A6-4AFA-495C-8631-6EC327C4BF6B","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"F8E59A25-343E-4ACA-ACB2-BFC9514488B2"},"internalID":"3","text":"Much of knowledge is actually a remembrance from previous lives.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"EB13DD71-1CE4-47AC-BA4A-1F4180C56CA3","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"30","text":"We come into the world possessing all knowledge, learning is actually a recalling.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"AE2E42F2-B1B9-422D-B028-7B76A2E82277","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"300","text":"Time and space are what allow for differentiation.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"E8A6FBF1-1131-41E0-99DF-3BDF6642BFDB","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"301","text":"Without time and space, <i>noumenal<\/i> reality would not consist of many things; it would be one thing.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"4BE0F570-8191-4DFA-8C67-95D4CC15421F","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"302","text":"<i>Noumena<\/i> cannot cause <i>phenomena<\/i>; causal chains can only exist in the <i>phenomenal<\/i>.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"02083E06-E59D-4EE8-8380-00978D0CCA32","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"303","text":"The will and movements of the body are the same occurrence known from two different ways (inside\/outside).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"D417E237-A60D-4754-91DF-08CADB1A7DBE","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"304","text":"The <i>phenomena<\/i> in the universe necessitates a large impersonal, unconscious energy without purpose.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"A937AF98-C0F0-41E4-87E3-9780041AAC71","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"305","text":"The <i>noumenal<\/i> is the energe\/force, the impersonal “will.”","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"5A94CBCC-33C8-4A04-88FF-C250510C4EEE","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"306","text":"When viewed from the phenomenal world, we seem to be separate, but we are one in the noumenal world.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"71D792F9-D95A-4CF5-9481-2FB7D9E10203","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"307","text":"Compassion as a moral good arises because we are one, and we share each other's suffering.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"C84D7DCC-C967-4CC2-8FBE-96EF0FACED08","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"308","text":"We cannot take seriously the concept of a personal God; it is too anthropomorphic.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"64E0D2EE-854A-4B09-9EC5-23BE8A6AFAC0","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"309","text":"The idea of the soul is absurd; the mind is said to be inseparably connected but independent of the organism.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"FBD602C2-2812-429F-ADCA-A7E30958D7D3","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"31","text":"Our messy world of space and time is a world where everything is becoming, nothing is.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"4565A3F8-F48A-4616-B369-31E24BEA986A","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"310","text":"There is no meaning or purpose to be found in the empirical world.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"11","id":"783EDF6F-D24B-4855-A326-E7726C0DA799","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"311","text":"Though the empical world appears as independent of ourselves, it is all subject-dependent — an illusion.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"12","id":"E78F3826-2563-4349-A8C7-018A4DFF320A","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"312","text":"We should renounce the empirical world and not be taken in by it.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"13","id":"F5F5E873-1F79-4F1A-8099-01E786A9886D","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"313","text":"The human will retreating from the world is the end stage of philosophical understanding.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"14","id":"7F5FC327-D278-41D2-8F44-B579DAE208D5","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"314","text":"Existence is suffering; desires, never being satisfied, make us slaves.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"15","id":"6A4F69A0-2742-4764-A267-B4E12D5CEAA1","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"315","text":"Aesthetic contemplation or asceticism are the only ways of escaping existential suffering.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"16","id":"95D87485-D291-4685-81E4-022A1A9BDDC5","categoryAbbrevs":["ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"316","text":"Through art we are taken out of time and space; art takes us out of ourselves.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"17","id":"2DA7D94C-9A06-4D70-BFB3-1110EE831E5B","categoryAbbrevs":["ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"internalID":"317","text":"Music is the highest form of art in terms of metaphysical significance.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"18","id":"E94884EB-CA3D-45F6-B868-FBA60D1BCA92","categoryAbbrevs":["ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"32","text":"Our souls are our permanent Forms, and continue after the death of the body.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"78E65A6A-82F8-4A20-8F46-EF3FE47F58A9","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"internalID":"327","text":"The greatest happiness of the greatest number should be what we consider when making policies.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"1BF7B3B1-0F5F-497D-8598-BCBD6D56B236","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"internalID":"328","text":"In the state of nature, the concept of freedom is vacuous.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"2","id":"1E313288-0F8E-41F1-892D-10A301062137","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"internalID":"329","text":"Freedom is only meaningful when there are political and legal institutions protecting the individuals and the public at large.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"3","id":"90100D1F-61D8-40D1-BF57-D51732556E2B","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"33","text":"Our goal in life should be to comprehend the deeper reality; little attention should be paid to the messy superficial world of space and time.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"19CF0824-B501-4895-B196-F11955E081C9","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"internalID":"330","text":"One should be free to do anything so long as it does not harm others.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"4E71EBCD-B180-42BD-90C9-CD594EF6686C","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"internalID":"331","text":"There should be freedom to discuss and promote anything, even things that are considered deeply immoral.","reference":"On Liberty, John Stuart Mill,  John W.Parker & Son., 1859","order":"5","id":"F721ADF3-8749-4FF6-9D27-DB151B959105","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"internalID":"332","text":"The individual should have full control and possession of their own body and mind.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"97585043-1F91-4CAB-A3CC-0C8F3151574F","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"internalID":"333","text":"Inequality between the sexes is antiquated and should be replaced by full equality.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"8A2D8037-D6F3-44DB-ADA0-4406D242CCD2","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"internalID":"334","text":"The meaning of a name is what it refers to.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/names\/, Author: Sam Cumming","order":"8","id":"3557CE13-CF12-4A69-BF59-32EBA926BE9F","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"internalID":"335","text":"Sensations cannot be explained by physics (of the particles in the body) even though there is connection between the two.","reference":"A System of Logic, John Stuart Mill, John W. Parker, 1843","order":"9","id":"4FF9371A-4391-44B6-A662-1F8CB692A373","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"34","text":"There are objective moral standards for human conduct and character.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"241B95A6-AD75-49CD-9D09-07E2A14A577D","categoryAbbrevs":["et","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EA908AB3-5EA0-41A3-A2F3-1A10C7117046"},"internalID":"342","text":"To understand the world, one has to look not at ideas but at individual entities.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"3E06EDD5-D383-4915-A52E-1F5B5603734B","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EA908AB3-5EA0-41A3-A2F3-1A10C7117046"},"internalID":"343","text":"The ultimate moral actor is the individual; decisions we make and our personal lives are important.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"67634649-101C-439F-AAC9-AF61869D4457","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EA908AB3-5EA0-41A3-A2F3-1A10C7117046"},"internalID":"344","text":"Through the choices we make, we compose our lives and ourselves.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"D3DEB4B9-448C-4CF2-9D08-34A40D5F0C79","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EA908AB3-5EA0-41A3-A2F3-1A10C7117046"},"internalID":"345","text":"What matters most is the relationship of an individual's soul to God.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"FF879F3B-1E73-4EB8-8D1A-7B3031354899","categoryAbbrevs":["et","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EA908AB3-5EA0-41A3-A2F3-1A10C7117046"},"internalID":"346","text":"The attempt to find a thought that cannot be thought is the supreme paradox of all thought.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"7A48C35B-1C95-4CD5-9457-58AA4CB9E075","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"internalID":"347","text":"History is a working out of a dialectical proess operating with alienation.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"B8C38F05-8FB8-420A-8A89-E84A3587C417","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"internalID":"348","text":"When alienation is ended, we be liberated, as we will form a connected society instead of self-interested individuals.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"0C7BDE97-0F86-428F-8008-1DA4F4FD4E95","categoryAbbrevs":["on","po","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"internalID":"349","text":"History is advanced by a material (not spiritual) diaelectical process.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"4F832858-E0BE-4221-92A3-50B5AC494FBF","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"35","text":"There are three opposing elements that comprise the human psyche: passion (desire, appetite), intellect (reason), and will (spirit).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"4D270271-8D47-466D-93A8-7DD52D751D2E","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"internalID":"350","text":"The dialectic is a working out of conflicts between social classes that arise as a result of changes in the means of production.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"CC6EA076-DB5B-4917-BA5E-E1A2D730C045","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"internalID":"351","text":"Laws, religions, institutions, philosophies, the arts, etc. form a superstructure that affirm and reenforce an economic substructure.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"47525E66-FC3A-4DC4-BC3B-0DA159AD8C30","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"internalID":"352","text":"Religion is man-made and is used to passify the masses; it is the “opium of the people.”","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"006BF4F0-BEA6-4F31-B88B-12F091257B98","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec","th","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"internalID":"353","text":"The last stage of dialectic progression before the end-stage is Industrial Capitalism.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"B43A055C-8489-446B-9CF0-275F3950BE90","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"internalID":"354","text":"Technological development, redounding to the few, is alienating the majority from the means of production.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"6EAE13AA-FDB1-4A5C-B9C4-771BFFF2AB43","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"internalID":"355","text":"There will be a communist revolution were the workers will cease the means of production and create a class-free society.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"41967FE8-0DBC-418F-B07E-E8F70CE413FD","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"36","text":"Through the will intellect should rule over passions.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"BD0EA086-5CCF-4FFB-92AA-9FCF3697A774","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"779AABA4-26E6-4437-A979-03B83C75BA30"},"internalID":"361","text":"Something can be said to be true if it does all of its required jobs (conforms to known facts, yields insights\/predictions, etc.) is true.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"6CDA02BE-6803-43A3-9C18-F1E48B60192C","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"779AABA4-26E6-4437-A979-03B83C75BA30"},"internalID":"362","text":"One is justified in believing statements that cannot be disproven and that they benefit from.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"7809D941-6CAD-4F23-A556-4D5E38B12405","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"internalID":"363","text":"God and immortal souls do not exist.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"0475FDD2-423B-4632-8016-1BC27230DAC0","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"internalID":"364","text":"The world is meaningless and full of suffering but we are driven on by our wills.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"E5071E62-FC15-432B-A31B-F3B18114D819","categoryAbbrevs":["on","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"internalID":"365","text":"There is no afterlife, this is all there is, as such we should embrace it.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"974401D6-4768-4C34-9198-E56F7D7DC699","categoryAbbrevs":["on","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"internalID":"366","text":"Old societies and religions have undue influence on current ethics; a new foundation of ethics should be created.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"406B5F90-A74C-4470-9FE3-0EDA5F89D97E","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"internalID":"367","text":"A species's (including ours) success is the result of eliminating the weak (stupid, etc.) by the strong (clever, etc.)","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"8585ABE5-BA9A-4C8C-B77E-13B4B2BF6093","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"internalID":"368","text":"The Christian epoch is characterize by a slave-morality — the weak are protected while the gifted are oppressed.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"BC5B13EE-ACE5-477E-AA8E-F9A99ABAB857","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"internalID":"369","text":"Those with ability should be able to actualize their “will to power” in all domains — in politics, arts, etc.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"EB68C1C2-78D7-4D50-B278-7730D7316529","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"37","text":"Knowing what is right is not sufficient for attaining virtue.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"11","id":"6C6F1F48-2E30-4268-963A-05F31F078520","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"internalID":"370","text":"True happiness is found  in exertions of “will to power” — the feeling and expression of unmittigated domination and control — which also advances humankind.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"9B6E106F-7489-43D0-9AE6-D83EF5C7570F","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"internalID":"371","text":"A new life-affirming ethics should be embraced, allowing those capable of becoming overmen (<i>Übermensch<\/i>).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"32E65A11-C792-4E51-89B5-5CC1F932D837","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"internalID":"372","text":"Conflicts with others make us stronger and should not be feared.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"61CEFC9B-847D-4937-8683-052109DC798B","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"internalID":"373","text":"Life does not need to derive meaning from outside itself.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"11","id":"882E2B79-19EE-44A7-A469-265A50398262","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"internalID":"374","text":"Cosmic epicycles of time mean everything that has happened will happen again (eternal return); we should use this as motivation to love our fate (<i>amor fati<\/i>).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"12","id":"865F0202-32D6-4235-9AED-5BEAEDC26F77","categoryAbbrevs":["et","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"38","text":"As bodies are ephemeral, only harm can come to a person is by harm done to the soul.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"12","id":"FFA26465-8D7E-46BF-B9BE-D2B62C6ABF5A","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"380","text":"There is an active unconscious part of the mind which pressures and influences how we act and behave.","reference":"Seven Theories of Human Nature, Leslie Stevenson, Oxford University Press, 1974","order":"1","id":"BF3A73B7-813A-4ACF-AD4E-8DF5D2AFD442","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"381","text":"We have no access to the “unconscious;” this is different from the “preconscious” (some memories, facts, etc.) which we can become conscious of.","reference":"Seven Theories of Human Nature, Leslie Stevenson, Oxford University Press, 1974","order":"2","id":"18FA84F3-4D42-4992-93FE-1A5DDD03F994","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"382","text":"There are three parts of the human mind: the “id” (instincts), the “ego”  (the reconciler), and the “super-ego” (conscience).","reference":"Seven Theories of Human Nature, Leslie Stevenson, Oxford University Press, 1974","order":"3","id":"BC8D5797-F279-474B-86C4-3D10F8E1F0DB","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"383","text":"Instincts alone provide the “energy” for the mind.","reference":"Seven Theories of Human Nature, Leslie Stevenson, Oxford University Press, 1974","order":"4","id":"7B2747E0-5DA2-4585-8F95-CE371D4E2863","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"384","text":"There are two instincts: the “Life” (Eros) is the erotic and self-preservative drive; the “Death” (Thanatos) is the sadism, aggression, self-harm, etc. drive.","reference":"Seven Theories of Human Nature, Leslie Stevenson, Oxford University Press, 1974","order":"5","id":"2715BF53-5076-4EB2-8D01-568C0B320A94","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"385","text":"Who we are as adults is determined by early childhood experience often of a sexual (body-pleasure-related) nature.","reference":"Seven Theories of Human Nature, Leslie Stevenson, Oxford University Press, 1974","order":"6","id":"DC85AF5F-010E-4FA1-B1A0-9804D388BFC2","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"386","text":"Repression of inner conflicts manifest in different ways (often as neurotic symptoms), as they continue to exist in the unconscious.","reference":"Seven Theories of Human Nature, Leslie Stevenson, Oxford University Press, 1974","order":"7","id":"A2AF2B73-8729-4677-98F8-D01B1A8EE551","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"387","text":"Psychoanalysis, a process to bring repressed material into consciousness, can sometimes be used to treat neurosis.","reference":"Seven Theories of Human Nature, Leslie Stevenson, Oxford University Press, 1974","order":"8","id":"047588E0-41DB-4003-A018-4FABC4CB9235","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"388","text":"All of civilized life might be neurotic because of the denial of instinctual desires.","reference":"Seven Theories of Human Nature, Leslie Stevenson, Oxford University Press, 1974","order":"9","id":"72E1A347-7649-456E-A5F3-E2DD98A58EFC","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"389","text":"Religions teachings are illusions as their claims cannot be assessed; by being unverifiable, they are also irrefutable.","reference":"The Future of an Illusion, Sigmund Freud, 1927","order":"10","id":"46BE6F33-D700-4DF0-931E-9C8545C1B881","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"39","text":"One should rather suffer a wrong than commit one.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"13","id":"B65E75D6-DF12-4D48-9EE0-A146EEA87859","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"390","text":"To only use judgement, and not evidence, in assessing the truth of religious arguments would be immodest; the kinds of questions religion answers is too important for that.","reference":"The Future of an Illusion, Sigmund Freud, 1927","order":"11","id":"43D7D9D2-9F4F-47F8-8895-99BA9119EDE2","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"391","text":"The God that philosophers conclude as plausible is a shadow of the mighty figure of religious teaching.","reference":"The Future of an Illusion, Sigmund Freud, 1927","order":"12","id":"72FA001A-48BC-4399-945A-5D540F591AA9","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"392","text":"The truths that religion does contain are so distorted and metaphorical that most people do not recognize them as truths.","reference":"The Future of an Illusion, Sigmund Freud, 1927","order":"13","id":"BE19F29B-075F-4AAE-9B30-9B1FC90CCD60","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","th","on","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"internalID":"393","text":"We must have some ability to map the external world, as our mental apparatus was developed to do just that.","reference":"The Future of an Illusion, Sigmund Freud, 1927","order":"14","id":"120F23C5-6E0B-46D3-80F9-631B06971315","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"F8E59A25-343E-4ACA-ACB2-BFC9514488B2"},"internalID":"4","text":"The physical world is suffuse with math.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"426E7209-B9E3-4354-B5F1-ABED35064A70","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"40","text":"Nothing should be taken for granted; questions should be asked of everything and everybody.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"14","id":"0208A0C4-DE1C-4E23-825F-F51204249F02","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"B03D878D-9657-4EB1-A886-59C19F52BDA5"},"internalID":"406","text":"Our consciousness for sure exists, we should begin there and build a larger picture of reality.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"01E07EB1-CE0E-48C5-B285-EB2D80EF1D03","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"B03D878D-9657-4EB1-A886-59C19F52BDA5"},"internalID":"407","text":"We have awareness of objects, but not of ourselves.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"0F8DC2EC-EC93-484C-989D-EEF7F1EDE311","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"B03D878D-9657-4EB1-A886-59C19F52BDA5"},"internalID":"408","text":"Intersubjective (empathic) experience happens when we knowingly attribute intention to other subjects.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/husserl\/, Author: Christian Beyer","order":"3","id":"D29B268E-8E25-4822-99FC-3F1371148934","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"B03D878D-9657-4EB1-A886-59C19F52BDA5"},"internalID":"409","text":"Intersubjective experience presupposes that objects forming my experience of the world exist independent of my perspective.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/husserl\/, Author: Christian Beyer","order":"4","id":"8CB1E093-5EA2-4C6F-8C95-26114A80D3F1","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"41","text":"Government should be run by a philosophically aware class but for the happiness of all.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"15","id":"9F53C905-78C5-4EA3-AD12-1F1D5DD90DF5","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"B03D878D-9657-4EB1-A886-59C19F52BDA5"},"internalID":"410","text":"Intersubjectivity is foundational in developing ourselves and external world as existent.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/husserl\/, Author: Christian Beyer","order":"5","id":"ED2FB806-BF34-4881-9159-32B2A2A27438","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"internalID":"411","text":"Evolution should provide the explaination for human beings.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"EE6DAD21-AF0E-441E-ACB0-E84746371A7E","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"internalID":"412","text":"The senses are attuned to the needs of survival and thus do not give us objective representations.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"9F411B7A-D82E-416B-9BEA-7E152A08AFA4","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"internalID":"413","text":"There is a drive (<i>élan vital<\/i>) that directs evolution toward greater complexity and individualization.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"DC9EC73C-25EF-4B51-B801-F7D1C5DC9CBA","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"internalID":"414","text":"Time\/change is foundational to life and reality.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"D6206CA3-2D5C-44DF-88E8-45F74D18B95D","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"internalID":"415","text":"We experience time as an intuition, independent of thought and sensual input.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"B54FC26E-567C-458A-A9FE-77F476D9448D","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"internalID":"416","text":"We have a direct intuition about our decisions to act that lets us know we have free will.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"9691CD8D-E361-42F6-9359-DDD1474A3C50","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"internalID":"417","text":"The human intellect artificially chops up time and space into smaller more manageable units.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"C1ECCB21-DAAF-41C0-B186-052470E89F42","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"internalID":"418","text":"In everyday life, business, and science it is useful to partition the world.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"54602FA7-F254-4A31-BEB0-A91AFA15057B","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"internalID":"419","text":"Though it is useful to partition the world, real space and time are continuous.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"589806D6-C458-4B92-8277-52CE92F3E6E5","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"42","text":"Women are weaker than men, but men and women share the same nature in all ways of life.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"16","id":"AE1BD260-4E25-450A-8F7B-0D15FCEFD842","categoryAbbrevs":["fe","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"internalID":"420","text":"We straddle two worlds: the continuum of our inner experience, and the partition of our intellect.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"C4751F02-082E-4FC9-9B2B-C7BC272F62E5","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"35859990-0911-447A-8254-CDFE783671BF"},"internalID":"427","text":"Humans respond to environmental conditions by developing knowledge. Practical instrumentation mediates this development.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/dewey\/, Author: Richard Field","order":"1","id":"79D9CC5E-23CC-4636-AB78-DF8150D6B6A2","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"35859990-0911-447A-8254-CDFE783671BF"},"internalID":"428","text":"Knowledge produced by science is the most certain and the most useful.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"12E9CD27-BDCF-45FC-A0C8-26015A1AB86A","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"35859990-0911-447A-8254-CDFE783671BF"},"internalID":"429","text":"Nature accounts for facts and values, as it incompasses all aspects of life, so there is no foundational difference between facts and values.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"3","id":"C8405855-B079-4E78-8FD9-AC4ACA352487","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"43","text":"Boys and girls should be brought up on equal terms.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"17","id":"23DC91AA-1B02-45B3-8EA6-B62507D87A12","categoryAbbrevs":["fe","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"internalID":"430","text":"Mathematics comes out of logic.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"A5E0CA5C-9A84-4F47-A227-75FD96108EAA","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","lo"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"35859990-0911-447A-8254-CDFE783671BF"},"internalID":"430","text":"The approach of the scientific method should be the model for all forms of enquiry.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"45526232-23AE-4A25-ADB6-9C6B8356AE15","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"35859990-0911-447A-8254-CDFE783671BF"},"internalID":"431","text":"Because the scientific method requires criticism, it is a social activity.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"A3EECD9D-7B1F-453B-8CB8-306878C14B18","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"internalID":"431","text":"Experience is responsible for all knowledge.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"2336449D-B476-4889-B8CB-7AEF287CDF04","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"35859990-0911-447A-8254-CDFE783671BF"},"internalID":"432","text":"Children should learn by doing, as it emphasizes problem solving.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"A6BD3D85-61EC-4B47-BFC6-0793601EEE65","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"internalID":"432","text":"By applying logical analysis we can produce knowledge with absolute certainty.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"6D3D2E64-21F6-47F7-A4B3-8AB5593D956A","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","lo"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"internalID":"433","text":"Questions of philosophy can be clarified, and in some cases resolved, by applying logical analysis to language.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"4","id":"3AA31D31-6020-4FF8-8272-8FC9313BD882","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","lo"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"internalID":"434","text":"Sentences can be meaningful (and true\/false) without a description describing anything; a description is not a name.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"5","id":"1E8B5FF4-1B9D-4D96-A961-23BC3E39F3EB","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"internalID":"435","text":"Proper names disguise descriptions.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"6","id":"BDF41052-4F40-4041-BBBF-81647F202E66","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"internalID":"436","text":"Great harm is caused by the belief that work is virtuous; working less will lead to greater happiness.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"82D0DB33-8783-477A-8FEC-F634234B4736","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"internalID":"44","text":"Art creating a superfical representation of the superfical world is doubly deceptive, creating a semblances of a semblances.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"18","id":"57A4196C-964C-4AC6-BF4C-68E5DEF4C5AA","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"442","text":"It is not possible to talk about reality beyond our experience — this talk is nonsense.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"11ED76A6-F435-4A35-8E37-51DBAE4DCCD2","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"443","text":"The phenomenal world of experience is what we can talk about and try to understand.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"FBF2BEFD-E52C-4AED-AD2F-258E60E60EB8","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"444","text":"Language is the bases for our understanding of the world.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"FC4F5FE1-9A51-47D5-BA87-4BAF61701AAE","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"445","text":"The limits of our conception maps to the limits of language — language is coterminous with what we can understand about the world.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"B55807E9-B94E-4B5C-892D-B79CF1440625","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"446","text":"Like a picture, language describes reality by having the same form as it.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"071281AC-7EDD-48B2-BA4D-17A87749C691","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"447","text":"Language is adaptable; it is not static and depends on the function being served.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"74427DA7-114D-4877-B7EB-F405B7D7FA15","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"448","text":"Language derives meaning from language-games, which means that language cannot be private rather it is a public, social thing.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"FFA9FCFF-3B39-44A9-A50F-93D9D460D814","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"449","text":"No one language-game (such as the natural sciences) has a monopoly on objective truth.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"8","id":"36A24772-6664-4ACD-A343-E240E1CB566F","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"45","text":"We can only philosophize about the world we live in.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"951316A4-F9C8-49C2-9773-BB229073B852","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"450","text":"Talk of knowledge about sensations makes no sense since we have insufficient distance with sensations to doubt them.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"9","id":"8C9523D0-EF6D-4F18-8E1C-0B4308DC942A","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"451","text":"Talk of mental states and sensations is expressive, not descriptive.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"10","id":"A406BA29-073F-427E-9D7A-0B43F15BDF30","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"452","text":"Empirical problems should be solved with empirical methods, and philosophy has nothing to contribute to such problems.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"11","id":"0176E0E7-D17E-4641-9265-C26DF2660C22","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"453","text":"Many of philosophy's problems are actually confusion created by misuse of language.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"12","id":"45B2A211-7010-4F64-A4AC-1CB28A14FC0E","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"454","text":"The job of the philosopher is to eliminate confusion of concepts through language analysis.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"13","id":"0AE04984-FEB1-4A91-BD77-8FE1FD8910D4","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"internalID":"455","text":"Common-sense understanding is the grounds for doubt; skepticism by beginning outside of common-sense is self-undermining.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"14","id":"991C521E-30ED-490B-B053-CDEA135C61EB","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"internalID":"456","text":"The main philosophical problem is being, not knowledge, as we are part of the world we investigate.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"56A06B1F-47F9-4ACC-AF3E-9939A520D2D7","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"internalID":"457","text":"We should examine our consciousness, which certainly exists, to answer the problem of existence.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"C4BCF1F7-D635-444F-AFE1-2E2C8BDA46AD","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"internalID":"458","text":"Being is time, as our being can be divided into three distinct parts corresponding to past, present, and future.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"5483C1C1-15CC-4C0A-98B1-73765F2D8B5F","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"internalID":"459","text":"We are born into the world as if we had been thrown there in a direction we have not chosen.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"5AB65CD8-637F-4969-AA21-52DF9628555A","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"46","text":"We can only speculate on what we have not experienced.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"1FFAF565-1E67-468F-92E9-3922E463B138","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"internalID":"460","text":"We begin existing in a social context; we work to become individuals through personal existence.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"D9E9E84D-85AD-43B5-A0E1-D438497FE7FF","categoryAbbrevs":["on","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"internalID":"461","text":"We are constantly faced with choices about an unknown future, and fear and anxiety in the face of death.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"1A4215C5-BDA6-4059-BAA7-9595D4E218D7","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"internalID":"462","text":"We desire that life have meaning and some metaphysical aspect, but we can not know for sure if these exist.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"A55C93FA-A969-4117-A464-C3E91AAA1C92","categoryAbbrevs":["et","on","me"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"internalID":"463","text":"Lives may be meaningless or may be meaningful only insofar as meaning has been created by us.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"586556A8-9B13-4BC8-B4F7-D3003D10E064","categoryAbbrevs":["et","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"internalID":"464","text":"Being overly involved in our daily lives and forgetting about our deaths is living inauthentically.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"2807B12C-DD11-4082-AD0C-CD880E990696","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"internalID":"465","text":"<i>Destruktion<\/i> of the social traditions can give insight into deeper understanding of Being by leading us back to a forgotten past.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"5211BFDF-BC17-4A7F-9D8A-C615C345DE53","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"55ADA2C7-9126-4A97-BA26-E7D7CBF08D73"},"internalID":"466","text":"Humans are motivated by drives, needs, fantasies, energy, and diverse desires","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/baudrillard\/, Author: Douglas Kellner","order":"1","id":"9D5762FF-A3ED-4BB3-82F3-C0EC99C33F37","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"55ADA2C7-9126-4A97-BA26-E7D7CBF08D73"},"internalID":"467","text":"Imperative of labor, utility, and hoarding found under capitalism go against human nature.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/baudrillard\/, Author: Douglas Kellner","order":"2","id":"96160566-93FB-4B96-A721-773B33C1F4EA","categoryAbbrevs":["po","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"55ADA2C7-9126-4A97-BA26-E7D7CBF08D73"},"internalID":"468","text":"We can get out of the imperatives of capitalism by advancing a “general economy” of spending, giving, sacrifice, and destruction.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/baudrillard\/, Author: Douglas Kellner","order":"3","id":"3D48B9D1-ADDB-480F-A691-8E5B25AB7928","categoryAbbrevs":["po","on","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"47","text":"An object's form determines what it is.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"4F8727D1-9F41-4445-9A2C-C1018932FEFF","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"48","text":"A thing is made up by its material cause.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"A30ED3D1-F803-4EEC-88C3-B01F6783210E","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"internalID":"480","text":"Reality is different from human experience and cannot be accessed directly.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"5FC24D70-2C7D-4AE1-BF6D-06F19C0C739E","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"internalID":"481","text":"Theories are not proved, only disproved; criticism is the source of progress.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"1F3E2C7F-09D6-489F-B0BD-83E0C932F436","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"internalID":"482","text":"Theories are “corroborated” when they survive refutation; the more it is corroborated, the closer it is to truth.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"3","id":"2B8D0F34-80FF-47E5-B390-B291E56C9FE2","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"internalID":"483","text":"Progress in science occurs when refuted theories are replace with tentitively corroborated theories.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"4","id":"C453C813-22DE-442A-8ED0-E8932A539262","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"internalID":"484","text":"Only statements that can be falsified by an observation are scientific.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"E6A61D96-8B9C-467A-8F28-DE640D94C88B","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"internalID":"485","text":"Experiments that test scientific theories are not independent of scientific theory.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"6","id":"98C2FCE5-BC33-4E4C-B7BE-E3965D177429","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"internalID":"486","text":"Postulated things that cannot be observed in scientific theories are not inherently different from observable things.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"7","id":"5A5D6629-673F-42B8-B00E-D212A9D52AFB","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"internalID":"487","text":"Nothing is certain in politics; imposing a single viewpoint by force is never justified.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"DA49CE3E-20DB-41FB-B963-026B84F4ED3C","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"internalID":"488","text":"Authoritarian planning without opposition is the least desirable form of government.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"04A6205C-CC62-4B5A-9B80-1839879D0B8F","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"internalID":"489","text":"A perfect end-stage of society is a fantasy; there is only a gradual reduction of social ills.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"7F38AC18-C78C-437D-868D-58F43C10B919","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"49","text":"What an object does or what makes it is its efficient cause.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"8EBDF046-CC40-4842-9BC3-917B54F8735B","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1A1D6463-9FD7-4683-B2C3-103656395889"},"internalID":"5","text":"While we may get closer to truth, it is a creation of humankind and thus conjecture.","reference":"\"The Story of Philosophy,\" Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"CDCF1C17-E5CE-4AD6-A37F-F55306FC2D9B","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"50","text":"The shape by which a thing is identified is its formal cause.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"47A59178-17C1-46DD-A1D1-54B2CDD3DE5E","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"internalID":"502","text":"By recognizing its mirror-image, the child has its first realization of itself as a unified, separate individual.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/lacweb\/, Author: Matthew Sharpe","order":"1","id":"EC44B9BE-C25B-4811-BEE7-8DEB4D2E3838","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"internalID":"503","text":"The “I” is an “other” through and through; it is a projection of subjective-unity based on how one is seen from other-perspectives.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/lacweb\/, Author: Matthew Sharpe","order":"2","id":"DC6BE1D6-A9B9-42F2-8B37-949683942BDB","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"internalID":"504","text":"“The Imaginary” is our daily reality: what we imagine others to be, and what we imagine ourselves to be, etc.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/lacan\/, Author: Adrian Johnston","order":"3","id":"3C53CF02-E328-4523-A602-4D756291D873","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"internalID":"505","text":"“The Symbolic” is the customs, institutions, laws, mores, etc. of cultures and societies, entwined with language.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/lacan\/, Author: Adrian Johnston","order":"4","id":"984572B0-9310-4CD0-AE22-FE7631DAA2FB","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"internalID":"506","text":"Whatever is beyond phenomenal appearances is “The Real;” it cannot be captured by Imaginary-Symbolic signs.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/lacan\/, Author: Adrian Johnston","order":"5","id":"012DB89F-55A2-44B7-ADF6-5E80407F39CC","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"internalID":"507","text":"The dependence on foreign signifiers amount to a “symbolic castration.”","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/lacan\/, Author: Adrian Johnston","order":"6","id":"4012BD70-E39C-460F-A9FD-592453A6F0B3","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"internalID":"508","text":"“Master signifiers” (which the subject most deeply identifies with, like nationality) are actually signifiers without a signified.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/lacweb\/, Author: Matthew Sharpe","order":"7","id":"8D44E8BE-AC33-4E66-896E-80DDF576127E","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"internalID":"509","text":"The unconscious is not a chaotic bundle of animalistic impulses like the id — it is well structured like language.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/lacan\/, Author: Adrian Johnston","order":"8","id":"CF42DD47-E7A8-42F4-8741-70D19B3CE22D","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"51","text":"The ultimate reason for a thing is determined by its final cause.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"69BD8F5D-67DF-433C-A6FA-6C037A024A02","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"internalID":"510","text":"Demand — need = desire: the most necessary requirements take on meaning and become a socio-symbolic demand for love.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/lacan\/, Author: Adrian Johnston","order":"9","id":"98E16FB0-17F4-47AA-96AB-59EB282E1274","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"internalID":"511","text":"Enjoyment (<i>jouissance<\/i>) is derived from “drive” when faced with the dissatisfaction of desire, often through repetitive or overwhelming experiences.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/lacan\/, Author: Adrian Johnston","order":"10","id":"142B0D4A-A54F-4CBA-83A0-42F631889879","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"internalID":"512","text":" The Real of sexuation creates incommensurables structural-psychical positions for the sexes; there is no sexual relationship.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/lacan\/, Author: Adrian Johnston","order":"11","id":"08486784-3A38-4736-83F2-111CB7CE5D96","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ps","ep","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"internalID":"513","text":"There's no context-free thought: there is not a universal standpoint to discern “truth,” only one that has socio-historical context.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/adorno\/, Author: Andrew Fagan","order":"1","id":"213F66DC-537C-4692-AFC0-7D174E264BD0","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"internalID":"514","text":"“Identity thinking” is attempt to classify all aspects of reality by putting each and every phenomena in general, abstract bins.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/adorno\/, Author: Andrew Fagan","order":"2","id":"0D327486-553F-4F63-843D-1E3F0560DF62","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"internalID":"515","text":"“Identity thinking” is aimed at making knowledge useful and instrumental, not to understand but to control and manipulate.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/adorno\/, Author: Andrew Fagan","order":"3","id":"B964925B-CA21-4546-BEA0-4B93AD98900F","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"internalID":"516","text":"Human beings' domination of nature and other human beings is the source of disaster in today's world.","reference":"(& Horkheimer) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/adorno\/, Author: Lambert Zuidervaart","order":"4","id":"4573C021-D7D4-45FF-8F24-BFFF8E7BC532","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"internalID":"517","text":"Any criticism of the modern must include criticism of what came before; we cannot simply return to the past.","reference":"(& Horkheimer) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/adorno\/, Author: Lambert Zuidervaart","order":"5","id":"76F65AD5-6741-4F0E-9F0D-7CC24405BD62","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"internalID":"518","text":"The instrumentalization of reason has elevated “facts,” creating a totalitarianism of enlightenment (like myth and religion in the past).","reference":"(& Horkheimer) The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/adorno\/, Author: Andrew Fagan","order":"6","id":"8C921754-E810-4ED8-9F9E-E9B19C3D82B4","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ep","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"internalID":"519","text":"When reason becomes instrumental, like in the wake of the enlightenment, morality is demoted to something akin to personal opinion.","reference":"(& Horkheimer) The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/adorno\/, Author: Andrew Fagan","order":"7","id":"C5808A0E-04A0-4AA3-BFAD-482AAA2F88A7","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"52","text":"A thing's form, though not material, is manifested in this world.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"FF69EF58-E338-4488-9150-4F26AB4A7419","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"internalID":"520","text":"Intelligence is a moral category.","reference":"Minima Moralia, Theodor Adorno, 1951","order":"8","id":"C09098D6-B05F-4F27-B101-DB960DD80108","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"internalID":"521","text":"The “culture industry” subverts the psychological development of the population making them easier to dominate and subjugate.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/adorno\/, Author: Andrew Fagan","order":"9","id":"7CEFFD37-879B-4C2E-8DCC-8D89F8C7766C","categoryAbbrevs":["ae","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"internalID":"522","text":"The products of the culture industy become increasingly standardized, formulaic, and repetitive in character.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/adorno\/, Author: Andrew Fagan","order":"10","id":"3C85C198-E21C-4F56-8697-3CCEF920C898","categoryAbbrevs":["ae","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"internalID":"523","text":"Music, produced by the culture industry, becomes standardized and prevents the listener from maturing.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/adorno\/, Author: Andrew Fagan","order":"11","id":"5D33C2B4-3F12-4D13-8DBD-183957772A84","categoryAbbrevs":["ae","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E869677C-23CB-41F7-8F39-AB8F499CAAC2"},"internalID":"524","text":"We are not ethereal centers of consciousness; we cannot sense or act without our bodies.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"0FAD08D0-05ED-440F-915E-D0AC5576DE48","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"internalID":"524","text":"Totalitarianism relies on the devastation of the stable context people once lived in for its appeal.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/arendt\/, Author: Majid Yar","order":"1","id":"30659DF3-6275-4990-BBA5-D2390F4092CD","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E869677C-23CB-41F7-8F39-AB8F499CAAC2"},"internalID":"525","text":"Each of us has a unique perspective, given our unique position in space and time, that affects how we perceive the world.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"4655D540-5066-4FDF-9369-679B418CF534","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"internalID":"525","text":"Human activities can be divided into three types: labor, work, and action, with action being the most important.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/arendt\/, Author: Majid Yar","order":"2","id":"E05A4586-A171-472B-B6BC-4B6C70B9E033","categoryAbbrevs":["po","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E869677C-23CB-41F7-8F39-AB8F499CAAC2"},"internalID":"526","text":"The body is an object and subject all in one.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"26491917-4E28-4683-933F-505545630CFA","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"internalID":"526","text":"Labor is what is necessary for maintaining and reproducing life: an animal-like activity necessary for survival.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/arendt\/, Author: Majid Yar","order":"3","id":"7171F234-F3F6-4F63-AFE8-8B48520F20B6","categoryAbbrevs":["po","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"internalID":"527","text":"Work results in quasi-permanent artifacts: non-animal like, public activity that offers a degree of freedom.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/arendt\/, Author: Majid Yar","order":"4","id":"62BA6A67-5575-4CA3-A595-C3CCBF7CC795","categoryAbbrevs":["po","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"internalID":"528","text":" More action is devoted to labor, resulting in a rise of “animal laborans” and threatening the extinction of “<i>homo faber<\/i>” and what makes a community’s public life possible.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/arendt\/, Author: Majid Yar","order":"5","id":"28BBA36B-6857-4912-9876-9077C0E9DA23","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"internalID":"529","text":"Action can bring about that which is wholly new — unanticipated.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/arendt\/, Author: Majid Yar","order":"6","id":"78D64776-936A-4863-9830-0F622A0221CC","categoryAbbrevs":["po","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"53","text":"The purpose of anything can be determined by examining what it does, what it is for.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"85EBFA3D-F09D-4C78-AEAA-0593DFB81A09","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"internalID":"530","text":"Actions cannot be rationalized on their own, but only in light of their shared, public recognition by a political community.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/arendt\/, Author: Majid Yar","order":"7","id":"C33EFB39-3051-454E-AC6E-846E3313C5A8","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"internalID":"531","text":"Freedom is the <i>raison d’être<\/i> of politics, and its experience is actions.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/arendt\/, Author: Majid Yar","order":"8","id":"1D651321-8E43-4D1B-9892-052B599C90DD","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"internalID":"532","text":"Evil is not grand acts of malevolence, but  repeated banal failures of thought and moral judgement, often driven by oppressive political systems.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"9","id":"499CCED8-92DA-44E8-9169-8CC540F10FDE","categoryAbbrevs":["po","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"internalID":"533","text":"An imaginative and public-minded form of judgement is required to take on the circumstances of the modern era.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"10","id":"E3C94B0E-8EA7-43DE-98C5-BFAB2903EFAA","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"internalID":"534","text":"The content of consciousness is independent, but consciousness is always consciousness “of something.”","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/sartre-ex\/, Author: Christian J. Onof","order":"1","id":"68F6CC5F-543A-40AD-A93C-4F9DB42B5B2A","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"internalID":"535","text":"Some states of consciousness (such as shame) require the minds of others, this establishes their existence <i>a priori<\/i>.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/sartre-ex\/, Author: Christian J. Onof","order":"2","id":"4D72E719-B953-432C-B14F-805B7DE1F900","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"internalID":"536","text":"In an effort to distinguish oneself, people often objectify the other.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/sartre-ex\/, Author: Christian J. Onof","order":"3","id":"0760C01B-C59C-4C00-A3D3-45D179BF7ACE","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"internalID":"537","text":"Objectifing others denies their selfhood and by extension denies that which one wants to affirm.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/sartre-ex\/, Author: Christian J. Onof","order":"4","id":"663CEE40-5216-49C5-970A-5015F4A9D065","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep","et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"internalID":"538","text":" Instability in our dependence on others is in accordance with the typically conflicted state of our relations with others.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/sartre-ex\/, Author: Christian J. Onof","order":"5","id":"36F09893-A724-49C4-9AEA-18EF45F0EB0C","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"internalID":"539","text":"We are thrown into the world, without savior or God, condemned to be free and forced to create meaning.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"3A23380F-6D16-4A00-A3D8-5CA18C645F1A","categoryAbbrevs":["et","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"54","text":"Change is simply existent material acquiring a new form.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"10","id":"F92EF8F1-C15C-4A49-96C6-304EF29E2636","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"internalID":"540","text":"Existence precedes essence; through our choices, not our nature, we create ourselves.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"0F2BCCBA-2285-42D8-8DCA-84839E356EB3","categoryAbbrevs":["et","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"internalID":"541","text":"Freedom can be daunting; many people prefer to turn away and conform to existing norms (live in “bad faith”).","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"846D0E5E-86AB-4681-837E-EA3BBD6FFAB8","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"internalID":"542","text":"The Self is presumed to be male, causing women to always be defined as the Other.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/beauvoir\/, Author: Shannon Mussett","order":"1","id":"079F58C0-5267-417F-AC93-FD9383F4FC49","categoryAbbrevs":["on","po","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"internalID":"543","text":"Men have projects through which they transcend themselves by creating; women are relegated to uncreative self-immanence.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/beauvoir\/, Author: Shannon Mussett","order":"2","id":"4EB5EA63-A5F4-4274-B04C-0D2F68170236","categoryAbbrevs":["on","po","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"internalID":"544","text":"Biology and history are not mere “facts,” but are always generated from a certain viewpoint and in a certain context.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/beauvoir\/, Author: Shannon Mussett","order":"3","id":"6EA58A46-0C1C-4B84-9F3C-7729E6E80348","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"internalID":"545","text":"The myth of the “Eternal Feminine” (the mother, the virgin, the motherland, nature, etc.) ensnares women by denying their individuality and forcing a comparison to an impossible ideal.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/beauvoir\/, Author: Shannon Mussett","order":"4","id":"3D7E2D52-2A2D-4DAB-B81A-B0AE16DC844F","categoryAbbrevs":["et","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"internalID":"546","text":"One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman — womanhood is a social construct","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/beauvoir\/, Author: Shannon Mussett","order":"5","id":"B077F31B-2240-4B3E-9552-31B9965C705F","categoryAbbrevs":["on","po","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"internalID":"547","text":"Many women living under a patriarchal order are guilty of “bad faith:” they turn away from their responsibility into the established values and beliefs of patriarchy.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/beauvoir\/, Author: Shannon Mussett","order":"6","id":"60EC35BB-CFBE-43F4-8FF8-68AE9CE97397","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"internalID":"548","text":"Social systems need to be altered for equal treatment between the sexes, but women themselves should also take on their existential responsibility.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/beauvoir\/, Author: Shannon Mussett","order":"7","id":"9A16EB29-D84B-4666-9771-822B0E41B630","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po","fe","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"internalID":"549","text":"In a universe without meaning and purpose, it is absurd that we expect our lives to have meaning.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"60E771A8-1957-4A13-AB72-9D60FEDF2294","categoryAbbrevs":["et","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"55","text":"A happy life is a goal for all.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"11","id":"359C6F78-06FB-4E12-9607-0B3A5ABED66A","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"internalID":"550","text":"Absurdity is not in in humans or in the world, but it is in the human condition of being in the world; it is the only bond that unites human and world.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/camus\/, Author: David Simpson","order":"2","id":"E40DF973-3CCC-4988-9615-9C2E358B2615","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"internalID":"551","text":"The first question of philosophy should be whether to commit suicide.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"3EAFF98A-FEAF-475B-AEDA-0E50BD1591C7","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"internalID":"552","text":"Killing oneself is giving up; we should not surrender unto the meaninglessness of the universe.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"488BFCD1-B0EA-4B71-AC7D-8F954E43DCCD","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"internalID":"553","text":"Religious stories that resolve injustice and randomness by positing trancendence or veiled meaning is philosophical suicide.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/camus\/, Author: David Simpson","order":"5","id":"C60E6349-B23C-456D-B72B-FF173F904F2F","categoryAbbrevs":["et","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"internalID":"554","text":"The best way to deal with the absurdity of the world is to accept it, even better embrace it, and continue living (revolt). ","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/camus\/, Author: David Simpson","order":"6","id":"07445A8F-BB18-4CFE-B929-A79F927E3DEF","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"internalID":"555","text":"Revolting should not be done for the self but out of compassion for others.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/camus\/, Author: David Simpson","order":"7","id":"EB00932A-ADEF-4DF9-8485-091C3712A9F7","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"internalID":"556","text":"When analyzing rebellion, one begins to suspect that there is a human nature contrary to what many presently believe.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/camus\/, Author: David Simpson","order":"8","id":"47137CD5-F86D-4052-9AE1-F481786A9133","categoryAbbrevs":["et","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"56","text":"One must be amendable to living in society to be happy; solitary life is not compatible with happiness.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"12","id":"986A834E-BD26-4A30-AEF9-18E2D34D3B8B","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"57","text":"Virture is found by moderating between extremes; one should aim for balance and moderation.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"13","id":"3F1229F5-49F6-4471-B3B1-6CFD493EDCF5","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"58","text":"The aim of goverment is to allow its citizens to live a happy life.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"14","id":"975D4D0A-A581-464F-9A23-0CA0730BBC8F","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"59","text":"In terms of philosophical pursuits, poetry is more worthy of attention than history.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"15","id":"8B5DEF78-8195-4DD1-9155-44C4C6E56B0E","categoryAbbrevs":["ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"1A1D6463-9FD7-4683-B2C3-103656395889"},"internalID":"6","text":"All peoples make their gods a reflection of themselves and their culture.","reference":"\"The Story of Philosophy,\" Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"960A85B6-37B1-4D5C-B9F9-5B5C90D18F9C","categoryAbbrevs":["po","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"60","text":"Tragedy culminates in catharsis — cleansing by pity and terror — for the viewer.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"16","id":"4D0C185F-2381-4F17-BABB-CCEC87E95009","categoryAbbrevs":["ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"215CFEFE-7D4B-400D-A14B-CD4BE9E0AA30"},"internalID":"602","text":"Actions must be understood by the intentions that caused them to be performed.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"1","id":"A73D36F5-1089-492B-BC49-91A3EBDDBB69","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"215CFEFE-7D4B-400D-A14B-CD4BE9E0AA30"},"internalID":"603","text":"There is a ‘practical knowledge’ to action, and this is different from the ‘contemplative’ knowledge of the sciences.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"2","id":"D9DAD918-7C9E-42DF-AD1C-26DD7C0D2A24","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"215CFEFE-7D4B-400D-A14B-CD4BE9E0AA30"},"internalID":"604","text":"The ‘mental causes’ of an action (unintentional) are not the reasons for an action.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"3","id":"939D9E35-84D7-4735-8C17-B162393A5FC0","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"215CFEFE-7D4B-400D-A14B-CD4BE9E0AA30"},"internalID":"605","text":"Thinking of morality as what we “ought” to do, i.e. as a set of rules to follow, assumes a religious conception about what is “owed” to God.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"4","id":"3C87CA6F-64CB-4749-8EDE-9F906B6B3959","categoryAbbrevs":["et","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"215CFEFE-7D4B-400D-A14B-CD4BE9E0AA30"},"internalID":"606","text":"Our particular understanding of vitues and vices should be used by secular culture to construct a morality.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"5","id":"17141E9B-F6B8-42FD-ABF1-82B27DC2BB3C","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"215CFEFE-7D4B-400D-A14B-CD4BE9E0AA30"},"internalID":"607","text":"For a secular morality, a new philosophy will be required, one that changes how belief and desire explain actions.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"6","id":"D5A9A141-7857-472B-8054-82DA61DB7AED","categoryAbbrevs":["et","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"215CFEFE-7D4B-400D-A14B-CD4BE9E0AA30"},"internalID":"608","text":"The  potentiality for ‘human flourishing’ should connect with the practice of virtues.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"7","id":"9A5FCF60-14B9-4FB3-91CF-68B6192B37CB","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"215CFEFE-7D4B-400D-A14B-CD4BE9E0AA30"},"internalID":"609","text":"Utilitarianism, by not distinguishing between intended and unintended consequences, cannot sustain any strict prohibitions.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"8","id":"6BE91722-43F1-4C6D-823F-7FDB83CEEA38","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"61","text":"A desire to know is an innate and universal human characteristic.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"17","id":"44FA020E-E7A4-475A-ADF2-6210EFEB6F87","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"62","text":"By nature, the male is superior and so follows that the male is the ruler and female the subject.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"18","id":"3EFBBF67-3427-4F2B-BBD1-DB8C587DF327","categoryAbbrevs":["fe","po","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"63","text":"Written words are merely symbols of spoken words, whereas spoken words are symbols of mental experience.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"19","id":"A80F27E1-9362-4F06-B0FF-9302441ABEF8","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4"},"internalID":"635","text":"A rigid analytic\/synthetic distinction is not useful in politics or morals.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"1","id":"4E68C265-696B-43E9-BF28-FAA83A9AA78C","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4"},"internalID":"636","text":"Justice is construted out of a range of primary, fundamental goods.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"2","id":"9C00ABE0-14B9-4A10-823A-544ABDCDE02C","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4"},"internalID":"637","text":"The principles of ethical choice cannot be utilitarian if societies have a multitude of persons with separate ends.","reference":"A Theory of Justice, John Rawls, Harvard University Press, 1971","order":"3","id":"F371C039-8FD3-4821-8173-D6445D0911A4","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4"},"internalID":"638","text":"Justice is most likely arrived at when choices are made behind a “veil of ignorance.”","reference":"A Theory of Justice, John Rawls, Harvard University Press, 1971","order":"4","id":"C9E49DCE-D510-42D7-AB55-3DA3103081A4","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4"},"internalID":"639","text":"Every person should have the same greatest amount of rights that are compatible with the same amount of freedom for all.","reference":"A Theory of Justice, John Rawls, Harvard University Press, 1971","order":"5","id":"8757024D-4A22-465D-AF79-D42B1BA9681A","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"internalID":"64","text":"Languages may differ between cultures, but the mental experiences language symbolizes is the same for all.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"20","id":"D0460A03-2888-4FA4-A6F5-16766F48026F","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4"},"internalID":"640","text":"Social and economic inequalities should be arranged so that the greatest benefit is given to the least advantaged.","reference":"A Theory of Justice, John Rawls, Harvard University Press, 1971","order":"6","id":"FF6455AB-F037-4129-B767-52FAC43B86C0","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4"},"internalID":"641","text":"Equal opportunity should be given to all to attain offices and positions.","reference":"A Theory of Justice, John Rawls, Harvard University Press, 1971","order":"7","id":"0768CA4D-47D5-4474-82CC-25813D73662E","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E503AC1C-CDCC-424B-A18F-5EDC57A41979"},"internalID":"642","text":"To understand how science unfolds we must look at its history, not just logic.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"1","id":"A0BF606C-C57D-4971-BC42-191743798F70","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E503AC1C-CDCC-424B-A18F-5EDC57A41979"},"internalID":"643","text":"Looking at the history of science one sees periods of “normal science” and periods of “crisis” followed by “revolution.”","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"2","id":"872C7E2C-429C-4F10-9ABE-2182546C8B33","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E503AC1C-CDCC-424B-A18F-5EDC57A41979"},"internalID":"644","text":"When a paradigm is established, empirial underdetermination is solved and the crisis faced by science is overcome and normal science is possible again.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"3","id":"1D86F40F-9330-4122-8F90-89C1C52C3EDB","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E503AC1C-CDCC-424B-A18F-5EDC57A41979"},"internalID":"645","text":" Each paradigm established by science eventually use up their capacity to solve empirical puzzles, and is replaced by new paradigms.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"4","id":"D01A7E9B-83D2-4C3D-B3E0-0285E7A8DBA2","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E503AC1C-CDCC-424B-A18F-5EDC57A41979"},"internalID":"646","text":"Each new paradigm is a radical break from the previous one; there is no shared nomenclature and no uncontested evidence.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"5","id":"6D5B0234-0E56-4BDD-89C2-0DCC9B12056A","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E503AC1C-CDCC-424B-A18F-5EDC57A41979"},"internalID":"647","text":"Paradigm-choice needs a way for the scientific community to judge between paradigms.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"6","id":"565F4E0E-E7B1-45DB-B99A-59DE73ABA2AB","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E503AC1C-CDCC-424B-A18F-5EDC57A41979"},"internalID":"648","text":"There is no line between the situation of discovery and the situation of justification.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"7","id":"A9ED48DF-81BE-4B60-93F4-3553C29DB42D","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E503AC1C-CDCC-424B-A18F-5EDC57A41979"},"internalID":"649","text":"It may be necessary to abandon the notion that scientists get closer and closer to the truth with successive paradigms.","reference":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Thomas Kuhn, The University of Chicago Press, 1962","order":"8","id":"570FC211-0FBD-4E5A-BC2B-675C14505BF8","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"28FC9356-FD10-49E5-A10B-F3B3D06B6A3B"},"internalID":"65","text":"The difference between true and false values is what matters.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"326CA6BB-02E5-4603-8830-4FEB5D958996","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"E503AC1C-CDCC-424B-A18F-5EDC57A41979"},"internalID":"650","text":"Science develops like biological evolution: with no end goal but with increasing articulation and specialization.","reference":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Thomas Kuhn, The University of Chicago Press, 1962","order":"9","id":"82E852B5-725B-4243-A5F4-45AD5CC9E346","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"internalID":"654","text":"Concepts and words change over time; an archaeology of thought should be performed.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"1","id":"B031B042-4593-4822-B1FA-B6E701F1B9B3","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"internalID":"655","text":"The idea of  “man” is a recent development, dating to the beginning of the 19th century, and may be close to its end.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"2","id":"3DD65CE3-FEE4-4192-B166-9979CF7AAEC3","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"internalID":"656","text":"“Man” is paradoxical in that it is both an object and a subject.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"3","id":"61BBA30D-E5D8-4B0F-B518-B0668962B8F4","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"internalID":"657","text":"Discourse is an attempt to exert power over others.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"80D27E74-472D-4EF8-9D9D-6C61C1896F63","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"internalID":"658","text":"Hierarchical observations, normalizing judgements, and examinations are the three main techniques of control.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/foucault\/, Authors: Gary Gutting & Johanna Oksala","order":"5","id":"4F8F6C01-98FC-4A43-B52F-FB28018CD6DC","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"internalID":"659","text":"Technologies of the modern prison are used in factories, hospitals, and schools; they are a model for controlling an entire society.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/foucault\/, Authors: Gary Gutting & Johanna Oksala","order":"6","id":"46329B33-CB0B-4055-85F0-D33E6C63E973","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"28FC9356-FD10-49E5-A10B-F3B3D06B6A3B"},"internalID":"66","text":"Social conventions (public\/private, naked\/clothed, etc.) are arbitrary and nonsensical.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"0BDF9AEC-F517-4302-BD1E-969823F04E6C","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"internalID":"660","text":"Categories of maleness and femaleness were constructed and then said to be “natural” in scientific discourse.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/foucault\/, Authors: Gary Gutting & Johanna Oksala","order":"7","id":"B6E0812F-C9AB-4402-8F7C-3B4089023589","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"internalID":"661","text":"Attemps to liberate repressed sexuality are misguided as there is no authentic sexuality to free.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/foucault\/, Authors: Gary Gutting & Johanna Oksala","order":"8","id":"956333B5-617B-44BB-B89C-60D1BD6B5EA6","categoryAbbrevs":["on","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"internalID":"662","text":"The exercising of power is not repressive but productive; it has produced, by practices and discourses, how we view sexuality.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/foucault\/, Authors: Gary Gutting & Johanna Oksala","order":"9","id":"41BF0C91-DAB9-4A0B-B001-265069056EDB","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"internalID":"663","text":"Individuals police their behavior to conform to the norms established by sciences and discourses.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/foucault\/, Authors: Gary Gutting & Johanna Oksala","order":"10","id":"167F9453-C989-4E27-872E-89C5671E74CA","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"internalID":"664","text":"Analysis or power should focus on the bottom (families, workplaces, etc.) and not look for a center of power.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/foucault\/, Authors: Gary Gutting & Johanna Oksala","order":"11","id":"EEBCE33D-4A07-44E2-9933-B1BFEE411E19","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"internalID":"665","text":"A possible way of subverting power is by creatively molding oneself, creating new ways of being, new experiences, pleasures, relationships, etc.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/foucault\/, Authors: Gary Gutting & Johanna Oksala","order":"12","id":"686A0650-5847-43AF-82FE-E917BB2B16AE","categoryAbbrevs":["po","et","ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"internalID":"666","text":"Knowledge has changed with the invention of the computer; it's now something that can be stored in databases and bought and sold.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"1","id":"50087BF6-E8A2-417E-8C7B-53DC90431113","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"internalID":"667","text":"Knowledge is no longer something that helps the individual and the mind, but is becoming externalized.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"2","id":"FA3C318B-94F7-475D-89E0-EEAB98FC92B8","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"internalID":"668","text":"Knowledge is a commodity no longer connected to questions of truth.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"3","id":"78A93BD9-2AF4-4E6A-8AD9-3972CE44182D","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"internalID":"669","text":"Incredulity towards meta-narratives — large frameworks for understanding all knowledge — is the defining feature of Postmodernism.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"4","id":"44D30EE7-C98D-4D38-967A-8A8DD255D370","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"28FC9356-FD10-49E5-A10B-F3B3D06B6A3B"},"internalID":"67","text":"“I am a citizen of the cosmos”","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"C6264625-162B-4922-B39A-61F18DDF0B13","categoryAbbrevs":["po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"internalID":"670","text":"Question of knowledge in the computer age is a question of government\/power.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/lyotard\/, Author: Ashley Woodward","order":"5","id":"6702236E-0ECB-40D2-9FF2-EE92FCC39306","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"internalID":"671","text":"Sciene doesn't have a monopoly on legitimate forms of knowledge.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/lyotard\/, Author: Ashley Woodward","order":"6","id":"4828950F-A651-46B5-992C-2DB3663A50D0","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"internalID":"672","text":"Sciene is subordinate to capital as capital demands efficiency.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/lyotard\/, Author: Ashley Woodward","order":"7","id":"28C0D1E8-98D1-4616-8F01-96BEA3C447DA","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","po","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"internalID":"673","text":"Science in the Postmodern age is about generating new ideas rather than more efficient applications of older knowledge.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/lyotard\/, Author: Ashley Woodward","order":"8","id":"D7CB1F71-AA2C-4B04-91CE-4BE3314F6603","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"internalID":"674","text":"Postmodern art tries to present the unpresentable, creating the sublime, while modern art merely presents the fact that there is an unpresentable.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/lyotard\/, Author: Ashley Woodward","order":"9","id":"97E4141B-E4AB-423A-8C09-C15BA35847FD","categoryAbbrevs":["ae"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"internalID":"696","text":"Marxism is merely a more efficient and equitable organization of the means of production; it does not break far enough away from capitalism.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/baudrillard\/, Author: Douglas Kellner","order":"1","id":"888C4E4B-BEC0-4CFF-B8CC-93E4491BF551","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"internalID":"697","text":"Symbolic exchange rather than production and utility are what governed pre-capitalist societies.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/baudrillard\/, Author: Douglas Kellner","order":"2","id":"97C1457F-22EB-4D1F-BB2E-AB3C55B85ACB","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ec"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"internalID":"698","text":"Technological revolution caused the eruption of postmodernity and overthrowing of modernity.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/baudrillard\/, Author: Douglas Kellner","order":"3","id":"167E6F16-D37A-4082-B9C8-54436E817620","categoryAbbrevs":["po","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"internalID":"699","text":"Postmodern societies elevate representation; they  “simulate” reality as in television, cyberspace, and virtual reality.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/baudrillard\/, Author: Douglas Kellner","order":"4","id":"7AA4FBA8-E4A9-4055-A69A-2691B8EBC7F4","categoryAbbrevs":["po","on","ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"410D7B25-4F70-4346-A01A-CA556498FFFE"},"internalID":"7","text":"Everything is determined by a meeting of opposites.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"827E0730-EA33-4F83-A726-D7BC9A5F3081","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"internalID":"700","text":"Simulation does not perform the classic functions of imitation, duplication, or parody, rather it is a matter of substituting signs of the real for the real.","reference":"Simulacra and Simulation,  Jean Baudrillard, U of Michigan P, 1994","order":"5","id":"B806B19B-B05E-4AF9-BCE9-B6B359B46845","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"internalID":"701","text":"The mode of simulation now governs economics, politics, social life, and culture.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/baudrillard\/, Author: Douglas Kellner","order":"6","id":"CE80DB01-030E-4A0D-B805-B9E61B481628","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","ae","po","ec","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"internalID":"702","text":"Technology is used in simulation to produce more intense and compelling experiences, rendering the simulated experience banal by comparison (“hyperreality”).","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/baudrillard\/, Author: Douglas Kellner","order":"7","id":"15400574-2B7C-49CA-B95F-671E0E49A121","categoryAbbrevs":["ae","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"internalID":"703","text":"Simulations began to refrence other simulations as they become more widespread, becoming a carnival of mirrors reflecting images projected from other mirrors.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/baudrillard\/, Author: Douglas Kellner","order":"8","id":"BD4FB286-FA60-405C-B149-6CAB00F86092","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"internalID":"704","text":"The population is subjected to a “media massage;” class consciousness and politics die, as do the asperation of disalienation, liberation, and revolution.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/baudrillard\/, Author: Douglas Kellner","order":"9","id":"E2B82C2E-BFFD-4835-BE67-9C6CDE453B41","categoryAbbrevs":["po","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"internalID":"705","text":"Spectacle and not meaning become what is desired in postmodern societies.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/baudrillard\/, Author: Douglas Kellner","order":"10","id":"82393B07-C6A7-4ABF-BDA3-365FAF07A887","categoryAbbrevs":["po","on","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"internalID":"706","text":"As social identites collapse so too does social theory; difference implode into a black hole of non-differentiation.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/baudrillard\/, Author: Douglas Kellner","order":"11","id":"8EED57EF-BBC2-4CD4-BD7D-A857954F06F1","categoryAbbrevs":["po","on","ep","so"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4C870661-2E10-4B20-B3D0-2462DA8192DF"},"internalID":"709","text":"Speech is different from writing; the reader is not present when we write, and the author's intentions are absent when we read.","reference":"Derrida\/Searle, Raoul Moati, Columbia University Press, 2014","order":"1","id":"D290AD25-3D20-4EE8-87B4-1B3D76702A01","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"internalID":"71","text":"The universe is only atoms and space.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"66AAF267-4ECC-4709-AEC7-EEE4393D07FA","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4C870661-2E10-4B20-B3D0-2462DA8192DF"},"internalID":"710","text":"Whether a text is clear enough to be read is indifferent to context, speaker, receiver, and message it first had.","reference":"Derrida\/Searle, Raoul Moati, Columbia University Press, 2014","order":"2","id":"2664D7F3-6C01-4D73-85BB-ED46A5271CD9","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4C870661-2E10-4B20-B3D0-2462DA8192DF"},"internalID":"711","text":"The meaning of a text is not static; rereadings reveal new meanings (“iteration”).","reference":"Derrida\/Searle, Raoul Moati, Columbia University Press, 2014","order":"3","id":"19B2EFFF-86A7-4BE5-8156-F5D4C4AB68BD","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4C870661-2E10-4B20-B3D0-2462DA8192DF"},"internalID":"712","text":"All text have gaps, holes, and contradictions (“aporia”).","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"4","id":"BF06657C-D144-40BA-B922-491DCAD4F1B1","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4C870661-2E10-4B20-B3D0-2462DA8192DF"},"internalID":"713","text":"Meaning in language is built up of successive statements (i.e. it depends on what else we say, which depends on what else we say); meaning is always deferred in language.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"5","id":"5EDDCB6B-AC72-43DF-850C-45E85530DF09","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4C870661-2E10-4B20-B3D0-2462DA8192DF"},"internalID":"714","text":"Meaning of the words we use is dependent on the meaning of the words we do not use.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"6","id":"5A67CD8D-C886-4B80-BB61-6C2BCF206AC4","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4C870661-2E10-4B20-B3D0-2462DA8192DF"},"internalID":"715","text":"Because meaning in language is deferred and differing (<i>différance<\/i>), the meaning of a text is not self-contained nor is it even known to the author.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"7","id":"4EE44337-8A0A-46D4-9EB6-84A0EE5AAD5D","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4C870661-2E10-4B20-B3D0-2462DA8192DF"},"internalID":"716","text":"Explanation of a text has to become all encompassing; there is nothing outside of the text.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"8","id":"0625220A-F11F-4125-82A2-06B6238C0C52","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"4C870661-2E10-4B20-B3D0-2462DA8192DF"},"internalID":"717","text":"We should replace Platonistic dualities (good\/evil, mind\/body, etc.) in texts with new terms (“deconstruction”).","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/derrida\/, Author: Leonard Lawlor","order":"9","id":"E089331C-21F0-4966-BD61-43225E9659E6","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5F255A15-B2C6-41A7-ACDB-ECF9B824C8E6"},"internalID":"718","text":"There is no distinction between language and world when determining the truth of what we say.","reference":"Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, Richard Rorty, Princeton University Press, 1979","order":"1","id":"34241986-73A0-401A-A869-040E95403776","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5F255A15-B2C6-41A7-ACDB-ECF9B824C8E6"},"internalID":"719","text":"Rather than mirroring nature, knowledge is a product of conversation and social practices.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"2","id":"7B3F3B7B-EEFF-4113-B1BE-1B75EFF6DE02","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","la"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"internalID":"72","text":"Objects are constantly changing, but the atoms that compose them are indestructible and eternal.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"A3D013CB-BA71-4FBB-A5A8-8641D2B27D5D","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5F255A15-B2C6-41A7-ACDB-ECF9B824C8E6"},"internalID":"720","text":"Philosophy is no longer concerned with building new theories, rather it is now concerned with instilling past ideas to keep the conversation going.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"3","id":"D2C7CC76-9076-48A7-B40E-585CB1091B58","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5F255A15-B2C6-41A7-ACDB-ECF9B824C8E6"},"internalID":"721","text":"We should anticipate a post-Philosophical culture where philosophy is simply the study of different ways of talking.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"4","id":"8277D3E8-1E28-4EF7-933D-D31CC3A723BA","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"5F255A15-B2C6-41A7-ACDB-ECF9B824C8E6"},"internalID":"722","text":"Truth is what your contemporaries let you get away with.","reference":"The Philosophy Book, DK Pub., 2011","order":"5","id":"2519FE6E-9C2A-4A4C-A421-94682821BB82","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"internalID":"73","text":"We, body and mind, are one of the changing objects made out of atoms.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"49908F60-C3B3-4A94-9010-03ED564D5A64","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"A0060293-AADA-4C38-A85B-7080664BB0DC"},"internalID":"731","text":"There is only one universal subject in Western culture and it is male.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/irigaray\/, Author: Sarah K. Donovan","order":"1","id":"0F1039EA-6EC9-4505-9615-928F4DB63BF2","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","po","so","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"A0060293-AADA-4C38-A85B-7080664BB0DC"},"internalID":"732","text":"Women have been traditionally figured as “mother” and associated with nature, body and inert matter. ","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/irigaray\/, Author: Sarah K. Donovan","order":"2","id":"DADB321A-6B8D-4350-A90A-2CFE7AEFF87B","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","po","so","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"A0060293-AADA-4C38-A85B-7080664BB0DC"},"internalID":"733","text":"Mind\/body dualism is unethical insofar as it recapitulates cultural divisions between man\/mind and woman\/body.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/irigaray\/, Author: Sarah K. Donovan","order":"3","id":"D305E377-9B26-4938-8AEA-02ECB6A7EB4C","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po","fe","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"A0060293-AADA-4C38-A85B-7080664BB0DC"},"internalID":"734","text":"Scientific inquiry is biased towards categories coded as masculine.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/irigaray\/, Author: Sarah K. Donovan","order":"4","id":"0D73D401-43E5-4251-8D6B-0F22A203B3CB","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"A0060293-AADA-4C38-A85B-7080664BB0DC"},"internalID":"735","text":"Language systems are not static but evolve over time largely as a result of power relationships.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/irigaray\/, Author: Sarah K. Donovan","order":"5","id":"DA5724AF-DDA9-4559-83C0-5C06D657B090","categoryAbbrevs":["po","la","re"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"A0060293-AADA-4C38-A85B-7080664BB0DC"},"internalID":"736","text":"Women should not merely be included in the current understanding of the universal subject, rather it should be dismantled, and there should be a multiplicity of subjects.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/irigaray\/, Author: Sarah K. Donovan","order":"6","id":"29F3B378-0B80-4016-980C-9604E771D006","categoryAbbrevs":["po","la","on","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"A0060293-AADA-4C38-A85B-7080664BB0DC"},"internalID":"736","text":"Women should not merely be included in the understanding of the universal subject, rather there should be a multiplicity of subjects.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/irigaray\/, Author: Sarah K. Donovan","order":"5","id":"EC8D6642-4169-4EDE-8973-39E3A899D1A9","categoryAbbrevs":["po","la","on","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"A0060293-AADA-4C38-A85B-7080664BB0DC"},"internalID":"737","text":"A reconfiguration of men and women's subjectivity is needed so that both understand themselves as equally apart of nature and culture.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/irigaray\/, Author: Sarah K. Donovan","order":"7","id":"0DBBD6BA-1095-4504-890F-C3352C7DB210","categoryAbbrevs":["po","ep","on","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"internalID":"74","text":"There is no reason to fear death for when you are alive, you're not dead, but when you are dead, you won't be around.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"A290D4A0-6E42-45A9-B08F-FCF79CC2FB2D","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"internalID":"75","text":"Gods don't participate in our personal lives; it’s as if they don’t exist.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"D377173D-A3D1-4A61-A409-584D7521A31D","categoryAbbrevs":["on","th"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB"},"internalID":"759","text":"The best reason to want a libertarian society is because it respects individual rights.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/nozick\/, Author: Edward Feser","order":"1","id":"A6863E9B-4638-40FE-8D83-CFDF0158B676","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"internalID":"76","text":"Our goal should be happiness in the world.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"4181A30A-979C-4444-8995-0921C5991776","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB"},"internalID":"760","text":"Individuals have a right to their lives, liberty, and the fruits of their labor, everything of and by them.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/nozick\/, Author: Edward Feser","order":"2","id":"2FAB0BA3-3E05-44D7-A417-9A0658894079","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB"},"internalID":"761","text":"Demanding sacrifices of the individual for the general welfare fails to treat individuals as ends-in-themselves.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/nozick-political\/, Author: Eric Mack","order":"3","id":"190EFEB9-CD40-4F05-87ED-F50BE16B97F4","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB"},"internalID":"762","text":"Just outcomes are the result of just actions made by individuals; justice does not require a particular distribution of power or wealth.","reference":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/justice-distributive\/, Authors: Julian Lamont, Christi Favor","order":"4","id":"B455F774-5900-4473-8798-0AB88AB8F721","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB"},"internalID":"763","text":"Some of the schemes of the modern welfare state (e.g. taxation) are immoral, as they make the citizen a slave of the state.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/nozick\/, Author: Edward Feser","order":"5","id":"8ADA8DB6-328B-4439-852E-4E6856FD85EC","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB"},"internalID":"764","text":"The only morally justifiable role of the state is to protect individuals from force via a police force and laws, nothing else.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/nozick\/, Author: Edward Feser","order":"6","id":"4F2B4C87-7A10-4EA8-8C04-CDC7DAA4FB25","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB"},"internalID":"765","text":"Knowledge is justified belief that approximates truth when posing counterfactuals.","reference":"The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, iep.utm.edu\/nozick\/, Author: Edward Feser","order":"7","id":"AECA470C-8A14-47FA-9AD0-3AC2998901DB","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"internalID":"77","text":"Withdrawing from public life into small communities of like-minded people is the way to be happy.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"7","id":"AD6E097C-6B57-40EC-B306-8539D8F4E817","categoryAbbrevs":["et","po"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"internalID":"78","text":"That which does not harm others should not be prohibited, but we should enjoy pleasures in moderation.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"8","id":"FB69A5B9-1E65-4ABD-90CA-4D0111997D70","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"internalID":"79","text":"Through knowledge, friendship, and freedom from fear is the way to attain the greatest pleasure.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"9","id":"DBCD9B62-267A-4FA9-980D-69C9953B2F91","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"410D7B25-4F70-4346-A01A-CA556498FFFE"},"internalID":"8","text":"Everything is change; there are no stable “things.” ","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"ACEFF55F-D19A-413E-A726-646AACB7B699","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9FB6BB7A-086C-4FB8-B3EF-7E2857C7E0F3"},"internalID":"822","text":"Language, bodily gestures, movements, and styles create the illusion of an innately gendered self.","reference":"Gender Trouble, Judith Butler, Routledge, 1990","order":"1","id":"B4E86A4A-A61D-4AA3-BC37-0BA1E4E0A2B8","categoryAbbrevs":["on","po","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9FB6BB7A-086C-4FB8-B3EF-7E2857C7E0F3"},"internalID":"823","text":"Gender acts performatively create the subject; “I” only exists within signifying practices.","reference":"Gender Trouble, Judith Butler, Routledge, 1990","order":"2","id":"64CA563C-1814-49D5-A804-505E67CD9829","categoryAbbrevs":["on","po","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9FB6BB7A-086C-4FB8-B3EF-7E2857C7E0F3"},"internalID":"824","text":"The idea of an innate, “natural” sex is part of a strategy to conceal performative nature of gender.","reference":"Gender Trouble, Judith Butler, Routledge, 1990","order":"3","id":"14DCB987-91C4-4BE6-896C-D57764AB3F10","categoryAbbrevs":["on","po","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9FB6BB7A-086C-4FB8-B3EF-7E2857C7E0F3"},"internalID":"824","text":"There is no essence or being to gender in-itself; it is simply the performance of repeated acts that are coded as gendered.","reference":"Gender Trouble, Judith Butler, Routledge, 1990","order":"3","id":"6997FE14-AC3C-4339-B843-192A445C4C5F","categoryAbbrevs":["on","po","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"9FB6BB7A-086C-4FB8-B3EF-7E2857C7E0F3"},"internalID":"826","text":"Gender intersects with racial, class, ethnic, sexual, and regional political and cultural distictions in ways that are impossible to disentangle as they are produced together.","reference":"Gender Trouble, Judith Butler, Routledge, 1990","order":"5","id":"D0E32F6E-97AC-4B38-A29C-58CDA4AF2F32","categoryAbbrevs":["on","po","fe"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"410D7B25-4F70-4346-A01A-CA556498FFFE"},"internalID":"9","text":"The power of hidden connections are greater than apparent ones.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"F8D96425-AAB3-45C5-B942-231F0550D3B7","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"33931CEB-8DE0-4239-9FA9-0EB300056C97"},"internalID":"91","text":"What's real is a product of thought; for something to exist it be thought.","reference":"\"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998\"","order":"1","id":"DADC9B4B-0420-416D-838E-D15906EDE777","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"internalID":"912","text":"We cannot completely assume a ”view from nowhere,” that is completely abandon our subjectivity.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"1","id":"9A57184D-6092-4822-9ED3-7606C51C0BD9","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"internalID":"913","text":"Knowledge of facts about an organism's behaviour and physiology does not inform us about its subjective experience.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"2","id":"565C8393-C1A5-40C0-8B7B-1A2751360DA5","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"internalID":"914","text":"The physical world includes conscious organisms, thus Materialism is an incomplete accounting of the physical world.","reference":"Mind and Cosmos, Thomas Nagel, Oxford University Press, 2012","order":"3","id":"2D8C3589-9BA4-4875-9E68-4BCE7CB59F11","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"internalID":"915","text":"All evolutionary accounts of reason presupposes reason's validity and thus is circular.","reference":"Mind and Cosmos, Thomas Nagel, Oxford University Press, 2012","order":"4","id":"3727D73F-68F8-4F0A-8F64-0367B94D5C54","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","lo"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"internalID":"916","text":"Evolution cannot produce consciousness, reason, and value; however, they might be guiding evolution as basic aspects of the universe.","reference":"Mind and Cosmos, Thomas Nagel, Oxford University Press, 2012","order":"5","id":"BEF1D819-9CAC-4F46-9544-82F5CF978863","categoryAbbrevs":["ep","on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"internalID":"917","text":"Ethics is more rightly thought of as a branch of psychology.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"6","id":"3D26191B-8E34-49D9-9276-D08C77541460","categoryAbbrevs":["et","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"internalID":"918","text":"Rather than our current concerns, there are rational, timeless, internal reasons for action.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"7","id":"FC4CB1C6-5D7E-4D0D-999A-91BA9E07087A","categoryAbbrevs":["et","ps"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"internalID":"919","text":"Action should be impersonal; if I act one way on my own behalf, I should act the same for someone else.","reference":"Contemporary Philosophy, Thomas Baldwin, Oxford University Press, 2001","order":"8","id":"F363EC27-8DC8-4323-9322-0222802FFE1C","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"33931CEB-8DE0-4239-9FA9-0EB300056C97"},"internalID":"92","text":"There's a hierarchy of being: soul, intellect, and good.","reference":"\"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998\"","order":"2","id":"BA64B1DA-ED64-4E9E-9B66-990AB46545B7","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"internalID":"920","text":"Only organisms with practical reason can see value, but once they see it, they find it in the lives of organisms without reason or consciousness.","reference":"Mind and Cosmos, Thomas Nagel, Oxford University Press, 2012","order":"9","id":"74396BDF-1F74-47B4-A62D-4BFEA1D16716","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"internalID":"921","text":"Moral realism cannot be established or refuted by a crucial experiment; its validity is a comparative matter.","reference":"Mind and Cosmos, Thomas Nagel, Oxford University Press, 2012","order":"10","id":"E36118A2-CBFC-48B5-ACDA-B7DCFA9C144E","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"internalID":"922","text":"When given an argument for an intuitively unacceptable conclusion, you should assume there is likely something wrong with the argument.","reference":"Mortal Questions, Thomas Nagel, Cambridge University Press, 1979","order":"11","id":"4573BF09-B8AA-48DF-B878-5FA03483FEB0","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"33931CEB-8DE0-4239-9FA9-0EB300056C97"},"internalID":"93","text":"There following the good we should attempt to ascend towards one-ness.","reference":"\"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998\"","order":"3","id":"86DC5737-4B27-4284-8160-BE899389627C","categoryAbbrevs":["et"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"internalID":"94","text":"Time is experienced as a transpiring for living things but not for God.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"1","id":"E35503EF-5812-45A1-BEEA-70047E23E902","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"internalID":"95","text":"The transpiring of time does not exist outside of experience.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"2","id":"BE4D7931-1BEE-44D0-8BD3-8C3C5B490DC3","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"internalID":"96","text":"All existence is always in the inescapable mode of the present.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"3","id":"11DF6D47-7E17-4E4A-9F39-2BC641703BEF","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"internalID":"97","text":"Every aspect of our wordly being, even our intellect, is controlled by our will.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"4","id":"15E3B50F-54D4-4B2C-BB06-3ABFC3EA1279","categoryAbbrevs":["on"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"internalID":"98","text":"One must exist to doubt anything; One cannot doubt that they exist — One knows that with absolute certitude.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"5","id":"BEAAC18B-B77C-4284-957D-86A7F50BDEE2","categoryAbbrevs":["ep"]},{"philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"internalID":"99","text":"Apart from our existence, there may be other things known with certainty.","reference":"The Story of Philosophy, Bryan Magee, DK Pub., 1998","order":"6","id":"18DEB174-4D47-454F-B26A-E9A8D373FD7B","categoryAbbrevs":["on","ep"]}]