[{"internalID":"1","quote":"Into that from which things take their rise they pass away once more, as is ordained; for they make reparation and satisfaction to one another for the injustice according to the appointed time.","id":"29B2668B-4DBD-42A7-A0E5-232FB55AF008","work":"","year":"","philosopher":{"id":"F8320389-19D4-4095-95A3-A93A7F7F7997"}},{"internalID":"10","quote":"For it is the same thing that can be thought and that can be.","id":"83DB2BFF-A5C1-48E8-9DD0-3F0DE3660921","work":"Quoted by Plotinus in Enneads","year":"","philosopher":{"id":"73E6F183-7335-458F-883E-83A9A8F9E562"}},{"internalID":"100","quote":"He is happy, whose circumstances suit his temper; but he is more excellent, who can suit his temper to any circumstances.","id":"226DF91F-DA5E-4FF3-936D-61905BC8229B","work":"An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals","year":"1751 AD","philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"}},{"internalID":"101","quote":"Nothing appears more surprising to those, who consider human affairs with a philosophical eye, than the easiness with which the many are governed by the few; and the implicit submission, with which men resign their own sentiments and passions to those of their rulers.","id":"237A0B29-851D-40E2-99D9-F60569AEF3E1","work":"Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary","year":"1748 AD","philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"}},{"internalID":"102","quote":"Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end, but always at the same time as an end.","id":"20914480-6031-4E3D-9AD5-364D0AAD6E62","work":"Critique of Practical Reason","year":"1788 AD","philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"}},{"internalID":"103","quote":"Sapere aude! 'Have courage to use your own reason!'- that is the motto of enlightenment.","id":"31786E1F-D43C-49E3-A9D8-A66C9EB44065","work":"What is Enlightenment?","year":"1784 AD","philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"}},{"internalID":"104","quote":"I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.","id":"66D4D760-2A50-45C7-977B-13757DC43701","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","year":"1785 AD","philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"}},{"internalID":"105","quote":"All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to the understanding, and ends with reason. There is nothing higher than reason.","id":"DAECDCBC-D90E-4CCE-9C43-184032F4170D","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","year":"1781 AD","philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"}},{"internalID":"106","quote":"I have no knowledge of myself as I am, but merely as I appear to myself.","id":"ED93B218-C5A4-441A-8427-E106897139F7","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","year":"1781 AD","philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"}},{"internalID":"107","quote":"All thought must, directly or indirectly, by way of certain characters, relate ultimately to intuitions, and therefore, with us, to sensibility, because in no other way can an object be given to us.","id":"3E15B455-84F6-4FCD-9BCC-58CD75AB2010","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","year":"1781 AD","philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"}},{"internalID":"108","quote":"Thoughts without content are empty, intuitions without concepts are blind.","id":"974EF7D3-FEA6-4918-9621-D3CD3A535F95","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","year":"1781 AD","philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"}},{"internalID":"109","quote":"The universal and lasting establishment of peace constitutes not merely a part, but the whole final purpose and end of the science of right as viewed within the limits of reason.","id":"5453DC4F-1FA1-4CCF-845B-E25BBD01CF8D","work":"Eternal Peace","year":"1795 AD","philosopher":{"id":"8D0D5B08-94A1-401D-AF81-25377AEE86DA"}},{"internalID":"11","quote":"It is indifferent to me where I am to begin, for there shall I return again.","id":"93FA6B7F-0B76-4962-BF60-9E9BCB0F21CB","work":"Quoted by Proclus in Commentary on the Parmenides","year":"","philosopher":{"id":"73E6F183-7335-458F-883E-83A9A8F9E562"}},{"internalID":"110","quote":"History, is a conscious, self-meditating process — Spirit emptied out into Time.","id":"B4FD01F8-47E4-42B7-817C-981E93064CCB","work":"The Phenomenology of Spirit","year":"1807 AD","philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"}},{"internalID":"111","quote":"The force of mind is only as great as its expression; its depth only as deep as its power to expand and lose itself.","id":"E5960259-AC76-465C-BFD1-47BDDE5BFA73","work":"The Phenomenology of Spirit","year":"1807 AD","philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"}},{"internalID":"112","quote":"The goal to be reached is the mind’s insight into what knowing is. Impatience asks for the impossible, wants to reach the goal without the means of getting there. The length of the journey has to be borne with, for every moment is necessary, ... because by nothing less could that all-pervading mind ever manage to become conscious of what itself is — for that reason, the individual mind, in the nature of the case, cannot expect by less toil to grasp what its own substance contains.","id":"2551A1C0-4562-4D78-A851-C387F264FDAE","work":"The Phenomenology of Spirit","year":"1807 AD","philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"}},{"internalID":"113","quote":"The heart is everywhere, and each part of the organism is only the specialized force of the heart itself.","id":"1732B099-4F7F-4A0C-A0C0-EC8C9C00BDC7","work":"Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences","year":"1816 AD","philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"}},{"internalID":"114","quote":"What is reasonable is real; that which is real is reasonable.","id":"A480A1D6-923E-4259-9A8D-F311D021C0C8","work":"Elements of the Philosophy of Right","year":"1821 AD","philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"}},{"internalID":"115","quote":"The essence of the modern state is the union of the universal with the full freedom of the particular, and with the welfare of individuals.","id":"24233710-A21E-4D45-B0C4-2B7B335A91B0","work":"Elements of the Philosophy of Right","year":"1821 AD","philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"}},{"internalID":"116","quote":"The owl of Minerva first begins her flight with the onset of dusk.","id":"8B06C763-C3C2-405D-B0C8-0BB42FE55024","work":"Elements of the Philosophy of Right","year":"1820 AD","philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"}},{"internalID":"117","quote":"What experience and history teach is this — that nations and governments have never learned anything from history, or acted upon any lessons they might have drawn from it.","id":"0610DABB-7B43-4086-BC5C-17C70A285A53","work":"Lectures on the Philosophy of History","year":"1832 AD","philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"}},{"year":"1832 AD","internalID":"118","philosopher":{"id":"1180AEE2-37F0-4A03-A2F0-F8F63DD7A5E2"},"id":"CC00731F-28F7-4427-BE5A-389107EF9882","work":"Lectures on the Philosophy of History","quote":"To him who looks upon the world rationally, the world in its turn presents a rational aspect. The relation is mutual."},{"year":"1819 AD","internalID":"119","philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"id":"52580803-C6F2-47FD-A779-0087D15169D0","work":"The World as Will and Representation","quote":"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident."},{"year":"","internalID":"12","philosopher":{"id":"A839315F-7D16-4116-8352-D26707C36D6E"},"id":"89AB2333-0951-469D-943D-38C7AD224E76","work":"Quoted in Plato's Theaetetus","quote":"Man is the measure of all things."},{"year":"1819 AD","internalID":"120","philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"id":"B610843A-B122-4CB8-A8D0-06436CEAA59A","work":"The World as Will and Representation","quote":"Talent hits a target no one else can hit; Genius hits a target no one else can see."},{"year":"1819 AD","internalID":"121","philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"id":"8228F7ED-504E-476B-87DD-9F6F134FCD5A","work":"The World as Will and Representation","quote":"Life is a business that does not cover the costs."},{"year":"1819 AD","internalID":"122","philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"id":"791F2B70-CD9C-4C57-93B4-6172A34ABAA9","work":"The World as Will and Representation","quote":"Spinoza says that if a stone which has been projected through the air, had consciousness, it would believe that it was moving of its own free will. I add this only, that the stone would be right. The impulse given it is for the stone what the motive is for me, and what in the case of the stone appears as cohesion, gravitation, rigidity, is in its inner nature the same as that which I recognise in myself as will, and what the stone also, if knowledge were given to it, would recognise as will."},{"year":"","internalID":"123","philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"id":"54C3C62A-5DF6-406C-80FA-E819B756EAC6","work":"","quote":"Change alone is eternal, perpetual, immortal."},{"year":"","internalID":"124","philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"id":"31BE5950-1B40-4032-A401-7D2E19AED22F","work":"Studies in Pessimism","quote":"If children were brought into the world by an act of pure reason alone, would the human race continue to exist? Would not a man rather have so much sympathy with the coming generation as to spare it the burden of existence, or at any rate not take it upon himself to impose that burden upon it in cold blood?"},{"year":"1840 AD","internalID":"126","philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"id":"84C80F60-1D67-4BFC-BACB-E57821D0F0EE","work":"On the Basis of Morality","quote":"Thus, because Christian morals leave animals out of consideration … therefore in philosophical morals they are of course at once outlawed; they are merely \"things,\" simply means to ends of any sort; and so they are good for vivisection, for deer-stalking, bull-fights, horse-races, etc., and they may be whipped to death as they struggle along with heavy quarry carts. Shame on such a morality … which fails to recognize the Eternal Reality immanent in everything that has life, and shining forth with inscrutable significance from all eyes that see the sun!"},{"year":"1840 AD","internalID":"127","philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"id":"29ABDFBD-9CAE-40FE-BE8A-3C0A1631AB60","work":"On the Basis of Morality","quote":"Compassion for animals is intimately connected with goodness of character, and it may be confidently asserted that he, who is cruel to living creatures, cannot be a good man. Moreover, this compassion manifestly flows from the same source whence arise the virtues of justice and loving-kindness towards men."},{"year":"1851 AD","internalID":"128","philosopher":{"id":"51165051-8479-477C-8491-8D508EF230E3"},"id":"C17FAFC5-BDBE-4BD0-AEAF-AAF32A00D52E","work":"Parerga and Paralipomena","quote":"Dogma is intended for, and suited to, the great mass of the human race; and as such it can contain merely allegorical truth that it nevertheless has to pass off as truth sensu proprio."},{"year":"1844 AD","internalID":"129","philosopher":{"id":"EA908AB3-5EA0-41A3-A2F3-1A10C7117046"},"id":"E9ECA8E3-132D-4BD7-AD96-6BAE2963E196","work":"The Concept of Anxiety","quote":"Between these two moments lies the leap, which no science has explained and which no science will explain."},{"year":"","internalID":"13","philosopher":{"id":"A839315F-7D16-4116-8352-D26707C36D6E"},"id":"45193CC8-52BC-47F1-B8F9-53FCA3C2920E","work":"Quoted in Plato's Protagoras","quote":"The Athenians are right to accept advice from anyone, since it is incumbent on everyone to share in that sort of excellence, or else there can be no city at all."},{"year":"1850 AD","internalID":"130","philosopher":{"id":"EA908AB3-5EA0-41A3-A2F3-1A10C7117046"},"id":"22E10BF1-5722-4F23-AADC-5F6651268DCD","work":"The Journals of Søren Kierkegaard","quote":"The truth is a trap: you can not get it without it getting you; you cannot get the truth by capturing it, only by its capturing you."},{"year":"1843 AD","internalID":"131","philosopher":{"id":"EA908AB3-5EA0-41A3-A2F3-1A10C7117046"},"id":"F9C14949-0271-462D-8CAF-F397B6973397","work":"Either\/Or ","quote":"Most men pursue pleasure with such breathless haste that they hurry past it."},{"year":"1844 AD","internalID":"132","philosopher":{"id":"EA908AB3-5EA0-41A3-A2F3-1A10C7117046"},"id":"9845BBA2-B1E3-483B-98E7-82893F94D0B6","work":"The Concept of Anxiety","quote":"Freedom succumbs to dizziness. Further than this, psychology cannot and will not go."},{"year":"1843 AD","internalID":"133","philosopher":{"id":"EA908AB3-5EA0-41A3-A2F3-1A10C7117046"},"id":"96EB06A8-7FF8-4D1B-98E0-2131CB518CD4","work":"Fear and Trembling","quote":"Philosophy cannot and should not give faith, but it should understand itself and know what it has to offer and take nothing away, and least of all should fool people out of something as if it were nothing."},{"year":"1843 AD","internalID":"134","philosopher":{"id":"EA908AB3-5EA0-41A3-A2F3-1A10C7117046"},"id":"DF1F4888-FFA0-44FE-87DA-5C9FF9E65005","work":"Fear and Trembling","quote":"The true knight of faith is a witness, never a teacher, and therein lies his deep humanity, which is worth a good deal more than this silly participation in others' weal and woe which is honored by the name of sympathy, whereas in fact it is nothing but vanity."},{"year":"1848 AD","internalID":"135","philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"id":"3B07AE44-5764-4BE6-A066-8C2AE6AF7CB3","work":"The Manifesto of the Communist Party","quote":"A specter is haunting Europe—the specter of Communism."},{"year":"1848 AD","internalID":"136","philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"id":"E0E7F50E-C03A-4396-BEDF-AB56448EFC48","work":"The Manifesto of the Communist Party","quote":"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles."},{"year":"1852 AD","internalID":"137","philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"id":"B1C6138D-EBE0-45A5-87BA-B56D4CEE37D5","work":"The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte","quote":"Hegel remarks somewhere that all facts and personages of great importance in world history occur, as it were, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as a tragedy, the second time as farce."},{"year":"1852 AD","internalID":"138","philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"id":"E206636E-A5E2-4209-8F72-33BDDD323FF0","work":"The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte","quote":"Men make their own history, but they do not make it as they please; they do not make it under self-selected circumstances, but under circumstances existing already, given and transmitted from the past."},{"year":"1848 AD","internalID":"139","philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"id":"C86A94D0-1FED-4812-A7DE-0F28CFFF0372","work":"The Manifesto of the Communist Party","quote":"All that is solid melts into air, all that is holy is profaned, and man is at last compelled to face with sober senses, his real conditions of life, and his relations with his kind."},{"year":"","internalID":"14","philosopher":{"id":"A839315F-7D16-4116-8352-D26707C36D6E"},"id":"56708099-F703-449C-BAC8-BCEDAA0C5987","work":"On the Gods","quote":"Concerning the gods, I have no means of knowing whether they exist or not, nor of what sort they may be, because of the obscurity of the subject, and the brevity of human life."},{"year":"1845 AD","internalID":"140","philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"id":"DFA55B95-53AC-4424-943A-57D5E1D4024B","work":"The German Ideology ","quote":"The first premise of all human history is, of course, the existence of living human individuals. Thus the first fact to be established is the physical organisation of these individuals and their consequent relation to the rest of nature."},{"year":"1845 AD","internalID":"141","philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"id":"29781256-B10A-4649-A0DD-54A7742F8DCE","work":"The German Ideology ","quote":"in communist society, where nobody has one exclusive sphere of activity but each can become accomplished in any branch he wishes, society regulates the general production and thus makes it possible for me to do one thing today and another tomorrow, to hunt in the morning, to fish in the afternoon, rear cattle in the evening, criticize after dinner, just as I have in mind, without ever becoming hunter, fisherman, shepherd or critic."},{"year":"1843 AD","internalID":"142","philosopher":{"id":"4952AE75-FBF7-47C7-B1D7-D2F70F843AE4"},"id":"4A7D29D2-B938-49DF-ADD0-6E981BFEF578","work":"Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right","quote":"Religious suffering is, at one and the same time, the expression of real suffering and a protest against real suffering. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people."},{"year":"1882 AD","internalID":"143","philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"id":"0F9442B5-21A0-4684-B271-96F6240C1BFF","work":"The Gay Science","quote":"God is dead! God remains dead! And we have killed him. How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers?"},{"year":"1882 AD","internalID":"144","philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"id":"2554C051-CEDD-4CAB-8488-9A514FE4C57F","work":"The Gay Science","quote":"Without art we would be nothing but foreground and live entirely in the spell of that perspective which makes what is closest at hand and most vulgar appear as if it were vast, and reality itself."},{"year":"1882 AD","internalID":"145","philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"id":"676E0A47-14AD-455F-AC58-A5718DE0A638","work":"The Gay Science","quote":"Whatever has value in our world now does not have value in itself, according to its nature — nature is always value-less, but has been given value at some time, as a present — and it was we who gave and bestowed it."},{"year":"1872 AD","internalID":"146","philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"id":"CAEB498C-44DE-48A9-8A36-70D8A53EE45F","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","quote":"Art is the supreme task and the truly metaphysical activity in this life..."},{"year":"1887 AD","internalID":"147","philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"id":"7CDF9448-431F-4DE5-A7FE-428F4C3976A9","work":"On the Genealogy of Morality","quote":"If a temple is to be erected, a temple must be destroyed."},{"year":"1887 AD","internalID":"148","philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"id":"4973216F-D509-4323-B762-EB5396C446FD","work":"On the Genealogy of Morality","quote":"To see others suffer does one good, to make others suffer even more: this is a hard saying but an ancient, mighty, human, all-too-human principle which even the apes might subscribe; for it has been said that in devising bizarre cruelties they anticipate man and are, as it were his \"prelude.\""},{"year":"1887 AD","internalID":"149","philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"id":"5E1D1F53-29DA-4418-B76D-BF96E48AD4A2","work":"On the Genealogy of Morality","quote":"That every will must consider every other will its equal — would be a principle hostile to life, an agent of the dissolution and destruction of man, an attempt to assassinate the future of man, a sign of weariness, a secret path to nothingness."},{"year":"399 BC","internalID":"15","philosopher":{"id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132"},"id":"9CC6DED1-5D01-4F44-B691-346EF94F134A","work":"Quoted by Plato in Apology","quote":"What I do not know I do not think I know either"},{"year":"1888 AD","internalID":"150","philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"id":"306BDB1E-3737-4BDE-8C6D-7A3A700B7FD5","work":"Twilight of the Idols","quote":"What does not kill me, makes me stronger."},{"year":"1888 AD","internalID":"151","philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"id":"A63462E1-749F-4C36-984E-77F8B78FF982","work":"Twilight of the Idols","quote":"Man does not strive for happiness; only the Englishman does that"},{"year":"1888 AD","internalID":"152","philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"id":"7788399A-18A9-4BAB-AB0A-F8FEFF091C53","work":"Ecce Homo","quote":"I am a disciple of the philosopher Dionysus, I would rather be a satyr than a saint."},{"year":"1883 AD","internalID":"153","philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"id":"004C6A1E-E2DB-4CE8-A4B7-65682474188E","work":"Thus Spake Zarathustra.","quote":"I teach you the Overman. Man is something which shall be surpassed."},{"year":"1878 AD","internalID":"154","philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"id":"3B9FB73A-5D85-4DC0-A3E1-5EB3121F16E3","work":"Human, All Too Human","quote":"One will rarely err if extreme actions be ascribed to vanity, ordinary actions to habit, and mean actions to fear."},{"year":"1878 AD","internalID":"155","philosopher":{"id":"EEDE0B1A-815C-4456-8D2B-0D55028035F8"},"id":"15950248-D91F-4551-B2A1-0D4992C78BEE","work":"Human, All Too Human","quote":"The mother of excess is not joy but joylessness."},{"year":"1907 AD","internalID":"156","philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"id":"25614BA2-6131-403A-94E6-8B9B158F718C","work":"Creative Evolution","quote":"The present contains nothing more than the past, and what is found in the effect was already in the cause."},{"year":"","internalID":"158","philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"id":"913CC5AA-A0AF-4F4E-B5AB-7165DD19D82C","work":"","quote":"Intuition is a method of feeling one's way intellectually into the inner heart of a thing to locate what is unique and inexpressible in it."},{"year":"1932","internalID":"159","philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"id":"528B88D1-2127-47D7-A57B-916675BF0052","work":"The Two Sources of Morality and Religion","quote":"Religion is to mysticism what popularization is to science."},{"year":"399 BC","internalID":"16","philosopher":{"id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132"},"id":"EBBBD478-7D0D-4DF5-99DD-C35EE1F07351","work":"Quoted by Plato in Apology","quote":"The unexamined life is not worth living."},{"year":"1932","internalID":"160","philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"id":"C851DB09-0876-42F6-B77E-ABB658353D1C","work":"The Two Sources of Morality and Religion","quote":"The open society is one that is deemed in principle to embrace all humanity."},{"year":"1932","internalID":"161","philosopher":{"id":"33164B45-3F93-45AC-8B88-FA48BC3FDFBD"},"id":"405DC1B9-7877-4001-8433-A7D417CA5F55","work":"The Two Sources of Morality and Religion","quote":"Men do not sufficiently realise that their future is in their own hands. Theirs is the task of determining first of all whether they want to go on living or not."},{"year":"1880 AD","internalID":"162","philosopher":{"id":"779AABA4-26E6-4437-A979-03B83C75BA30"},"id":"4165D89E-2D7D-444E-86CA-D2307671BC0D","work":"","quote":"All our scientific and philosophic ideals are altars to unknown gods."},{"year":"1900 AD","internalID":"163","philosopher":{"id":"779AABA4-26E6-4437-A979-03B83C75BA30"},"id":"4774A2D4-6286-41DF-94D9-8F12F23A4452","work":"","quote":"Instinct leads, intelligence does but follow."},{"year":"1882 AD","internalID":"164","philosopher":{"id":"779AABA4-26E6-4437-A979-03B83C75BA30"},"id":"ECD55999-F773-426E-84DF-C9A336805810","work":"The Sentiment of Rationality","quote":"Every way of classifying a thing is but a way of handling it for some particular purpose."},{"year":"1890 AD","internalID":"165","philosopher":{"id":"779AABA4-26E6-4437-A979-03B83C75BA30"},"id":"EA5E3966-6CAF-463E-BE7B-72C0C05FC9FE","work":"The Principles of Psychology","quote":"An act has no ethical quality whatever unless it be chosen out of several all equally possible."},{"year":"1890 AD","internalID":"167","philosopher":{"id":"779AABA4-26E6-4437-A979-03B83C75BA30"},"id":"AE39930F-2D46-4032-8F7D-C9B6DDC38C41","work":"The Principles of Psychology","quote":"There is no more miserable human being than one in whom nothing is habitual but indecision."},{"year":"1907 AD","internalID":"168","philosopher":{"id":"779AABA4-26E6-4437-A979-03B83C75BA30"},"id":"F10AB296-04BD-4283-AC8F-C904DA4FC1AF","work":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","quote":"Truth happens to an idea. It becomes true, is made true by events. Its verity is in fact an event, a process: the process namely of its verifying itself, its veri-fication. Its validity is the process of its valid-ation."},{"year":"1906 AD","internalID":"169","philosopher":{"id":"779AABA4-26E6-4437-A979-03B83C75BA30"},"id":"7DACE2B7-20A5-4947-B246-540A5E4EF7DE","work":"The Moral Equivalent of War","quote":"I will now confess my own utopia. I devoutly believe in the reign of peace and in the gradual advent of some sort of socialistic equilibrium. The fatalistic view of the war function is to me nonsense, for I know that war-making is due to definite motives and subject to prudential checks and reasonable criticisms, just like any other form of enterprise."},{"year":"385 BC","internalID":"17","philosopher":{"id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132"},"id":"BD81EAC0-70BA-404D-8B9C-FAD8F1C846C9","work":"Quoted by Plato in Symposium","quote":"I only wish that wisdom were the kind of thing that flowed … from the vessel that was full to the one that was empty."},{"year":"1912 AD","internalID":"170","philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"id":"9FBAA4C1-C4DB-43B4-9751-CBF92E77B6AF","work":"The Problems of Philosophy","quote":"Is there any knowledge in the world which is so certain that no reasonable man could doubt it?"},{"year":"1914 AD","internalID":"171","philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"id":"B8F0AF9C-978F-4768-9A6D-B0331B9A88A1","work":"Our Knowledge of the External World","quote":"Reason is a harmonising, controlling force rather than a creative one. Even in the most purely logical realms, it is insight that first arrives at what is new."},{"year":"1917 AD","internalID":"172","philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"id":"90690B47-8222-4DE5-86A7-11104D673290","work":"Why Men Fight","quote":"Men fear thought as they fear nothing else on earth – more than ruin, more even than death."},{"year":"1918 AD","internalID":"173","philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"id":"311CAEB1-0B5A-447B-AECB-62293B210E13","work":"Proposed Roads To Freedom","quote":"Often and often, a marriage hardly differs from prostitution except by being harder to escape from."},{"year":"1918 AD","internalID":"174","philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"id":"9E0CA403-ACEA-4296-97B3-001B5E45B331","work":"Proposed Roads To Freedom","quote":"My own opinion—which I may as well indicate at the outset—is that pure Anarchism, though it should be the ultimate ideal, to which society should continually approximate, is for the present impossible, and would not survive more than a year or two at most if it were adopted."},{"year":"1918 AD","internalID":"175","philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"id":"A91F4BD6-9605-4074-8F60-0226FC9224AD","work":"Proposed Roads To Freedom","quote":"Many of the actions by which men have become rich are far more harmful to the community than the obscure crimes of poor men, yet they go unpunished because they do not interfere with the existing order."},{"year":"1903 AD","internalID":"176","philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"id":"98565A5A-DD23-4AED-B10F-284781D60190","work":"Principles of Mathematics","quote":"The fact that all Mathematics is Symbolic Logic is one of the greatest discoveries of our age."},{"year":"1919 AD","internalID":"177","philosopher":{"id":"FA2E9B06-057A-44A6-AD55-0771949584D3"},"id":"ED1C3732-8F1F-41B8-B4E5-4146B7A268AA","work":"Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy","quote":"The method of \"postulating\" what we want has many advantages; they are the same as the advantages of theft over honest toil"},{"year":"1947 AD","internalID":"178","philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"id":"2CC274E0-A279-449B-9B09-BF340741AA03","work":"Letter on Humanism","quote":"The human being is not the lord of beings, but the shepherd of Being."},{"year":"1954 AD","internalID":"179","philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"id":"89955AB7-1ED6-4351-BFF1-0281A61947B7","work":"The Question Concerning Technology","quote":"Everywhere we remain unfree and chained to technology, whether we passionately affirm or deny it."},{"year":"369 BC","internalID":"18","philosopher":{"id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132"},"id":"EEE22DCB-F935-4A18-B44B-778C589FA4B4","work":"Quoted by Plato in Theaetetus","quote":"Wonder is the feeling of a philosopher, and philosophy begins in wonder."},{"year":"1927 AD","internalID":"180","philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"id":"5009FA24-A900-4850-9F7E-7BD71C377E03","work":"Being and Time","quote":"Being is only Being for Dasein"},{"year":"1927 AD","internalID":"181","philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"id":"78CE32A2-1640-42D8-8398-FFFDAA22D1CF","work":"Being and Time","quote":"We ourselves are the entities to be analyzed"},{"year":"1927 AD","internalID":"182","philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"id":"5BD7FAB4-63F1-4F28-AC5E-4A87C2156584","work":"Being and Time","quote":"Nevertheless, the ultimate business of philosophy is to preserve the force of the most elemental words in which Dasein expresses itself, and to keep the common understanding from levelling them off to that unintelligibility which functions in turn as a source of pseudo-problems."},{"year":"1927 AD","internalID":"183","philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"id":"A9DC6C5E-C4D5-4168-9956-62159BAB8A89","work":"Being and Time","quote":"Death is the possibility of the absolute impossibility of Dasein."},{"year":"1947 AD","internalID":"184","philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"id":"55AA2CE8-4A7F-45ED-990D-27FBB3D45BC9","work":"Letter on Humanism","quote":"Language is the house of the truth of Being."},{"year":"1961 AD","internalID":"185","philosopher":{"id":"8B5AF904-C30C-4656-A054-C55CF714F22A"},"id":"4166D1C8-A1F2-444C-BFE3-7DA3B137C6DB","work":"Nietzsche","quote":"We do not “have” a body; rather, we “are” bodily."},{"year":"1922 AD","internalID":"186","philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"id":"EEDA2C0A-07C6-4079-BECC-97BAAC238948","work":"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus","quote":"The world is the totality of facts, not things."},{"year":"1922 AD","internalID":"187","philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"id":"63D50966-6D1A-40BF-AD52-1EB00180D470","work":"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus","quote":"The whole sense of the book might be summed up the following words: what can be said at all can be said clearly, and what we cannot talk about we must pass over in silence."},{"year":"1953 AD","internalID":"188","philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"id":"B0E1137E-4470-4BBD-AFE7-52D6E5658E05","work":"Philosophical Investigations","quote":"For a large class of cases — though not for all — in which we employ the word meaning it can be explained thus: the meaning of a word is its use in the language."},{"year":"1953 AD","internalID":"189","philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"id":"8C0E837C-4B76-4292-B7CF-791FB956B4DB","work":"Philosophical Investigations","quote":"Uttering a word is like striking a note on the keyboard of the imagination."},{"year":"380 BC","internalID":"19","philosopher":{"id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132"},"id":"FBA85A74-28E6-44C8-A6DA-E16A9CAA1A24","work":"Quoted by Plato in Gorgias","quote":"It would be better for me... that multitudes of men should disagree with me rather than that I, being one, should be out of harmony with myself."},{"year":"1953 AD","internalID":"190","philosopher":{"id":"DDF1B09F-D509-4476-AE27-CB52146A6A41"},"id":"AA995297-9A7F-4C89-B3B3-95BA7BFF4EB2","work":"Philosophical Investigations","quote":"So in the end when one is doing philosophy one gets to the point where one would like just to emit an inarticulate sound."},{"year":"1946 AD","internalID":"191","philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"id":"3F5EE459-83EB-4DE6-B9A2-849744BAA60B","work":"Existentialism Is a Humanism","quote":"What do we mean by saying that existence precedes essence? We mean that man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the world – and defines himself afterwards."},{"year":"1938 AD","internalID":"192","philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"id":"1C0B7807-9A63-4DAE-9DD4-05F032EBD073","work":"Nausea","quote":"I exist, that is all, and I find it nauseating."},{"year":"1938 AD","internalID":"193","philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"id":"281A2D77-714E-4F0E-85A9-DECF7246C486","work":"Nausea","quote":"My thought is me: that's why I can't stop. I exist because I think … and I can't prevent myself from thinking."},{"year":"1943 AD","internalID":"194","philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"id":"58FC80D9-9A07-4D19-87AF-7F92725665C5","work":"Being and Nothingness","quote":"I am responsible for everything…except for my very responsibility, for I am not the foundation of my being."},{"year":"1943 AD","internalID":"195","philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"id":"A3959402-97B6-47F5-AFF1-B3A8967810EA","work":"Being and Nothingness","quote":"Nothingness haunts being."},{"year":"1943 AD","internalID":"196","philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"id":"6CAC91BD-C960-4ECB-952F-BA0C02F8D991","work":"Being and Nothingness","quote":"Man is condemned to be free; because once thrown into the world, he is responsible for everything he does."},{"year":"1943 AD","internalID":"197","philosopher":{"id":"5C4140C8-E55F-42D3-A1A6-952D31F524F9"},"id":"7375F2B2-B2A6-4151-BE5E-63B0105D5EC5","work":"Being and Nothingness","quote":"Life has no meaning a priori … It is up to you to give it a meaning, and value is nothing but the meaning that you choose."},{"year":"1942 AD","internalID":"199","philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"id":"0B180098-14FF-4F59-92F0-D20525B21CC8","work":"The Myth of Sisyphus","quote":"There is but one truly serious philosophical problem, and that is suicide. Judging whether life is or is not worth living amounts to answering the fundamental question of philosophy."},{"year":"","internalID":"2","philosopher":{"id":"F8E59A25-343E-4ACA-ACB2-BFC9514488B2"},"id":"CA85FEE9-505F-4113-AD2A-F3089EEA281D","work":"","quote":"There is geometry in the humming of the strings, there is music in the spacing of the spheres."},{"year":"","internalID":"20","philosopher":{"id":"3F7ED55D-F092-445A-99BB-3C232FC9A132"},"id":"18024C8A-0560-4826-9231-138EAD648125","work":"","quote":"I cannot teach anybody anything. I can only make them think."},{"year":"1938 AD","internalID":"200","philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"id":"DE071838-C5F0-4123-9D8B-16E1ACE740F2","work":"","quote":"A novel is never anything but a philosophy put into images."},{"year":"1957 AD","internalID":"201","philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"id":"104B4F9E-A4C0-40DA-A9DE-29607AEE7AD1","work":"","quote":"With rebellion, awareness is born."},{"year":"1942 AD","internalID":"202","philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"id":"8234E433-DCB7-4A96-96BC-EB0176192A57","work":"The Myth of Sisyphus","quote":"This divorce between man and his life, the actor and his setting, is properly the feeling of absurdity."},{"year":"1942 AD","internalID":"203","philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"id":"A2C4B32F-4AD6-48DC-97F4-32774B971402","work":"The Myth of Sisyphus","quote":"At any street corner the feeling of absurdity can strike any man in the face."},{"year":"1942 AD","internalID":"204","philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"id":"DA94B3C7-059B-4386-956C-D9CE1DD6EF5F","work":"The Myth of Sisyphus","quote":"To two men living the same number of years, the world always provides the same sum of experiences. It is up to us to be conscious of them."},{"year":"1947 AD","internalID":"205","philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"id":"F1A15E2D-045B-4BAE-AFFF-80872A05E821","work":"The Plague","quote":"When a war breaks out, people say: “It's too stupid; it can't last long.” But though the war may well be “too stupid,” that doesn't prevent its lasting. Stupidity has a knack of getting its way; as we should see if we were not always so much wrapped up in ourselves."},{"year":"1951 AD","internalID":"206","philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"id":"EB83C6F2-7C9F-460B-9091-B9C789ED1FC1","work":"The Rebel","quote":"The most elementary form of rebellion, paradoxically, expresses an aspiration for order."},{"year":"1951 AD","internalID":"207","philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"id":"DBA210E7-0216-4206-B66D-32EF061A925A","work":"The Rebel","quote":"Absolute freedom mocks at justice. Absolute justice denies freedom. To be fruitful, the two ideas must find their limits in each other."},{"year":"1942 AD","internalID":"208","philosopher":{"id":"68E5964C-2753-4873-8782-E95BDA30FD66"},"id":"ADDC4A5C-44A0-49F0-99EC-ADD22244A343","work":"The Stranger","quote":"I was assailed by memories of a life that wasn't mine anymore, but one in which I'd found the simplest and most lasting joys."},{"year":"1984 AD","internalID":"209","philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"id":"CB1B2B5D-17CD-45E0-93D8-59CD9CA0A9E7","work":"History of Sexuality","quote":"The most defenseless tenderness and the bloodiest of powers have a similar need of confession. Western man has become a confessing animal."},{"year":"","internalID":"21","philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"id":"50270C13-9286-4F1A-ABC2-BB58E837E7BA","work":"Cratylus","quote":"I shall assume that your silence gives consent"},{"year":"1984 AD","internalID":"210","philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"id":"91D3B368-A8B2-4B59-8B64-CE22D731A17B","work":"History of Sexuality","quote":"Discourses are tactical elements or blocks operating in the field of force relations; there can exist different and even contradictory discourses within the same strategy; they can, on the contrary, circulate without changing their form from one strategy to another, opposing strategy."},{"year":"1982 AD","internalID":"211","philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"id":"F4236316-923E-4F67-9CE6-029AE60A4158","work":"Truth, Power, Self","quote":"I don't feel that it is necessary to know exactly what I am. The main interest in life and work is to become someone else that you were not in the beginning."},{"year":"1970 AD","internalID":"212","philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"id":"BDCBA227-8817-441B-AF93-5C253B14A4FD","work":"Lectures on the Will to Know","quote":"There is hardly a philosophy which has not invoked something like the will or desire to know, the love of truth, etcetera. But, in truth, very few philosophers—apart, perhaps, from Spinoza and Schopenhauer—have accorded it more than a marginal status; as if there was no need for philosophy to say first of all what the name that it bears actually refers to."},{"year":"1970 AD","internalID":"213","philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"id":"F0D2012E-4221-4860-868F-D889C4119740","work":"Lectures on the Will to Know","quote":"Nietzsche was the first to release the desire to know from the sovereignty of knowledge itself: to re-establish the distance and exteriority that Aristotle cancelled."},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"214","philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"id":"6C0B3915-8E15-4F44-B701-7EE7E5B44B2F","work":"Discipline and Punish","quote":"The soul is the prison of the body."},{"year":"1961 AD","internalID":"215","philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"id":"FCEAD829-B4C2-4475-A673-571F2EA6BC61","work":"History of Madness","quote":"Unreason is to reason as dazzlement is to daylight."},{"year":"1978 AD","internalID":"216","philosopher":{"id":"3998C923-0B91-4150-8F41-E74D27EC11E7"},"id":"1FBCDD39-9DDE-4FA2-90DA-54114C412C57","work":"What is Enlightenment?","quote":"The critical ontology of ourselves has to be considered not, certainly, as a theory, a doctrine, nor even as a permanent body of knowledge that is accumulating; it has to be conceived as an attitude, an ethos, a philosophical life in which the critique of what we are is at one and the same time the historical analysis of the limits that are imposed on us and an experiment with the possibility of going beyond them."},{"year":"1677 AD","internalID":"216","philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"id":"DF7C2E76-5547-4489-877E-2427B6E22CD1","work":"Political Treatise","quote":"He who seeks equality between unequals seeks an absurdity."},{"year":"1677 AD","internalID":"217","philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"id":"4A7E8D83-7D1E-4EF3-8F24-F2A18E4CE380","work":"Political Treatise","quote":"Philosophers conceive of the passions which harass us as vices into which men fall by their own fault, and, therefore, generally deride, bewail, or blame them, or execrate them, if they wish to seem unusually pious."},{"year":"1677 AD","internalID":"217","philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"id":"36E83588-0DFE-4371-9571-1C405ABBD75B","work":"Ethics","quote":"A free man thinks of death least of all things; and his wisdom is a meditation not of death but of life."},{"year":"1677 AD","internalID":"218","philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"id":"78573D55-B562-48C9-ADA1-0497539BB79B","work":"Political Treatise","quote":"All laws which can be broken without any injury to another, are counted but a laughing-stock, and are so far from bridling the desires and lusts of men, that on the contrary they stimulate them."},{"year":"1662 AD","internalID":"218","philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"id":"8E1A156A-C7F5-4810-9674-4C87B83867EB","work":"On the Improvement of the Understanding","quote":"A definition, if it is to be called perfect, must explain the inmost essence of a thing, and must take care not to substitute for this any of its properties."},{"year":"1677 AD","internalID":"219","philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"id":"CE5F3937-3124-4998-ABBC-8A349CA28CB6","work":"Ethics","quote":"Truth is a standard both of itself and of falsity"},{"year":"1686 AD","internalID":"219","philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"id":"881785D7-A63E-4FC4-9C70-0A56032E5CA2","work":"Discours de métaphysique","quote":"In whatever manner God created the world, it would always have been regular and in a certain general order. God, however, has chosen the most perfect, that is to say, the one which is at the same time the simplest in hypothesis and the richest in phenomena."},{"year":"380 BC","internalID":"22","philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"id":"434CB75E-7CE7-4640-86ED-77A1D9B0EAB5","work":"The Republic","quote":"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men."},{"year":"1712 AD","internalID":"220","philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"id":"1AEB1EEB-9D72-4B86-835F-6FD8DB7492B1","work":"Letter to Bourguet","quote":"I do not believe that a world without evil, preferable in order to ours, is possible; otherwise it would have been preferred."},{"year":"1677 AD","internalID":"220","philosopher":{"id":"93D94133-3DC0-42B9-A212-4348EC053CF3"},"id":"E4DB43FB-1CB9-4674-A4B7-C4294B29B422","work":"Political Treatise","quote":"Peace is not the absence of war, it is a virtue, a state of mind, a disposition of benevolence, confidence, justice."},{"year":"1714 AD","internalID":"221","philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"id":"EBB3D604-BE8E-455F-B746-CBF6F196715D","work":"The Monadology","quote":"And as every present state of a simple substance is naturally a consequence of its preceding state, so its present is pregnant with its future."},{"year":"1714 AD","internalID":"222","philosopher":{"id":"C752B815-05B8-4CAC-805E-856A35B46952"},"id":"8F3F55A5-98B7-4121-9721-FF63125B093F","work":"The Monadology","quote":"Thus it may be said that not only the soul, the mirror of an indestructible universe, is indestructible, but also the animal itself, though its mechanism may often perish in part and take off or put on an organic slough."},{"year":"1759 AD","internalID":"223","philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"id":"59F26C89-02D7-4F82-AB40-259B1C490DAA","work":"The Theory of Moral Sentiments","quote":"Every man is, no doubt, by nature, first and principally recommended to his own care; and as he is fitter to take care of himself than of any other person, it is fit and right that it should be so."},{"year":"1759 AD","internalID":"224","philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"id":"2CEFA6A3-B7CB-4440-A381-2088DE7319DD","work":"The Theory of Moral Sentiments","quote":"When I endeavour to examine my own conduct, when I endeavour to pass sentence upon it, and either to approve or condemn it, it is evident that, in all such cases, I divide myself, as it were, into two persons; and that I, the examiner and judge, represent a different character from that other I, the person whose conduct is examined into and judged of."},{"year":"1776 AD","internalID":"225","philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"id":"C779F8EA-51EC-452D-9F5A-841992B1F5D6","work":"The Wealth of Nations","quote":"Every individual is continually exerting himself to find out the most advantageous employment for whatever capital he can command…He intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was not part of his intention."},{"year":"1776 AD","internalID":"226","philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"id":"BBAA7B0C-D124-4B51-B043-92EA5CDC77E0","work":"The Wealth of Nations","quote":"It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest."},{"year":"1776 AD","internalID":"227","philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"id":"7D2AEEE6-80EB-4478-9BF3-EA4924724C9E","work":"The Wealth of Nations","quote":"Labour was the first price, the original purchase-money that was paid for all things. It was not by gold or by silver, but by labour, that all the wealth of the world was originally purchased."},{"year":"1776 AD","internalID":"228","philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"id":"BED62D4E-6A02-4828-BABB-29C1A30A24E9","work":"The Wealth of Nations","quote":"As soon as the land of any country has all become private property, the landlords, like all other men, love to reap where they never sowed, and demand a rent even for its natural produce."},{"year":"1776 AD","internalID":"229","philosopher":{"id":"FB944B6B-3638-496F-A6CC-66C4250ED9AD"},"id":"8789330B-43DD-489C-AAE7-0C8E527A6564","work":"The Wealth of Nations","quote":"Consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production; and the interest of the producer ought to be attended to, only so far as it may be necessary for promoting that of the consumer."},{"year":"","internalID":"23","philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"id":"F44D2DE9-2D70-4A2D-80B7-F5CC808A57C7","work":"Critias","quote":"All that is said by any of us can only be imitation and representation."},{"year":"1789 AD","internalID":"230","philosopher":{"id":"0775D2F7-5F3D-4003-B101-A27738F1DF5D"},"id":"7EDBDA02-CC8B-48A4-8429-1D77B660B622","work":"An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation","quote":"Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do as well as to determine what we shall do."},{"year":"1830 AD","internalID":"231","philosopher":{"id":"0775D2F7-5F3D-4003-B101-A27738F1DF5D"},"id":"13274D4B-0C81-4E79-BECC-4288698CB485","work":"Principles of Legislation","quote":"Every law is an evil, for every law is an infraction of liberty: And I repeat that government has but a choice of evils"},{"year":"1789 AD","internalID":"232","philosopher":{"id":"0775D2F7-5F3D-4003-B101-A27738F1DF5D"},"id":"F469E3EA-C12B-4CFA-98A6-C796923F0003","work":"An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation","quote":"The question is not, “Can they reason?” nor, “Can they talk?” but “Can they suffer?”"},{"year":"1789 AD","internalID":"233","philosopher":{"id":"0775D2F7-5F3D-4003-B101-A27738F1DF5D"},"id":"7FA908B8-576F-4BC0-9231-556D9BF4ADEA","work":"An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation","quote":"...the rarest of all human qualities is consistency."},{"year":"1859 AD","internalID":"234","philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"id":"E44DAC9F-408F-4B3B-8941-07562954FB17","work":"On Liberty","quote":"If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind."},{"year":"1862 AD","internalID":"235","philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"id":"12246166-42D1-4A65-994B-F153CDC0F406","work":"The Contest in America","quote":"War is an ugly thing, but not the ugliest of things: the decayed and degraded state of moral and patriotic feeling which thinks that nothing is worth a war, is much worse."},{"year":"1867 AD","internalID":"236","philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"id":"846012F4-3099-4B8A-930C-5C9B24A301A4","work":"Inaugural Address Delivered to the University of St. Andrews","quote":"Let not any one pacify his conscience by the delusion that he can do no harm if he takes no part, and forms no opinion. Bad men need nothing more to compass their ends, than that good men should look on and do nothing."},{"year":"1859 AD","internalID":"237","philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"id":"C66F84F4-914F-4BE9-BF97-E10779A96B0B","work":"On Liberty","quote":"The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others."},{"year":"1843 AD","internalID":"238","philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"id":"2365B59B-52F1-4BD9-B52A-2F9DABB97D4E","work":"A System of Logic","quote":"As there were black swans, though civilized people had existed for three thousand years on the earth without meeting with them...The uniform experience, therefore, of the inhabitants of the known world, agreeing in a common result, without one known instance of deviation from that result, is not always sufficient to establish a general conclusion."},{"year":"1861 AD","internalID":"239","philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"id":"9662EE11-9A48-4497-BAE4-BAC94BC88BBB","work":"Utilitarianism","quote":"It is better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied."},{"year":"","internalID":"24","philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"id":"1CC3859E-D017-4F04-8680-4FE8B345E5E1","work":"Protagoras","quote":"Knowledge is the food of the soul; and we must take care, my friend, that the Sophist does not deceive us when he praises what he sells, like the dealers wholesale or retail who sell the food of the body; for they praise indiscriminately all their goods, without knowing what are really beneficial or hurtful."},{"year":"1869 AD","internalID":"240","philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"id":"94BFF91C-EF55-4E98-B2E8-77E0D97DDBD7","work":"The Subjection of Women","quote":"In early times, the great majority of the male sex were slaves, as well as the whole of the female. And many ages elapsed, some of them ages of high cultivation, before any thinker was bold enough to question the rightfulness, and the absolute social necessity, either of the one slavery or of the other."},{"year":"1869 AD","internalID":"241","philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"id":"1D6AC0E9-F9B7-4201-A76C-2672522DDC23","work":"The Subjection of Women","quote":"That the principle which regulates the existing social relations between the two sexes — the legal subordination of one sex to the other — is wrong itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement; and that it ought to be replaced by a principle of perfect equality, admitting no power or privilege on the one side, nor disability on the other."},{"year":"1874 AD","internalID":"242","philosopher":{"id":"7051875D-8E55-451A-A540-A1044F7F8015"},"id":"CF64A8D2-7D78-453F-8E4E-5FE080579ECD","work":"On Nature","quote":"That a thing is unnatural, in any precise meaning which can be attached to the word, is no argument for its being blamable; since the most criminal actions are to a being like man not more unnatural than most of the virtues."},{"year":"1840 AD","internalID":"243","philosopher":{"id":"EA176C3B-45C2-4814-8BC5-EF69D2643F4A"},"id":"34440AA9-A4A8-480C-B1AA-B8433440E153","work":"What is Property?","quote":"Property is robbery! That is the war-cry of '93! That is the signal of revolutions!"},{"year":"1849 AD","internalID":"244","philosopher":{"id":"EA176C3B-45C2-4814-8BC5-EF69D2643F4A"},"id":"0F6C5C08-73A8-42E4-AB54-049CA02E6476","work":"Confessions of a Revolutionary","quote":"Power, instrument of the collective force, created in society to serve as mediator between capital and labor, has become inescapably enchained to capital and directed against the proletariat."},{"year":"1840 AD","internalID":"245","philosopher":{"id":"EA176C3B-45C2-4814-8BC5-EF69D2643F4A"},"id":"880A295A-3B54-4E7C-A9AB-3065B62EEDDE","work":"What is Property?","quote":"AXIOM. — Property is the Right of Increase claimed by the Proprietor over any thing which he has stamped as his own."},{"year":"1840 AD","internalID":"246","philosopher":{"id":"EA176C3B-45C2-4814-8BC5-EF69D2643F4A"},"id":"B13664F2-0A07-41BD-A1BC-82D3A9294EEF","work":"What is Property?","quote":"Communism is inequality, but not as property is. Property is the exploitation of the weak by the strong. Communism is the exploitation of the strong by the weak."},{"year":"1840 AD","internalID":"247","philosopher":{"id":"EA176C3B-45C2-4814-8BC5-EF69D2643F4A"},"id":"599F0884-152C-4E1D-BB50-8423AB1E6E5B","work":"What is Property?","quote":"As man seeks justice in equality, so society seeks order in anarchy."},{"year":"1863 AD","internalID":"248","philosopher":{"id":"EA176C3B-45C2-4814-8BC5-EF69D2643F4A"},"id":"95326299-5DF0-4ABC-8E5F-8492DA513A82","work":"Du principe Fédératif","quote":"All my economic ideas as developed over twenty-five years can be summed up in the words: agricultural-industrial federation. All my political ideas boil down to a similar formula: political federation or decentralization."},{"year":"1931 AD","internalID":"249","philosopher":{"id":"B03D878D-9657-4EB1-A886-59C19F52BDA5"},"id":"21CFE385-6F90-4AC1-BCF1-89C38587B11D","work":"Cartesian Meditations","quote":"First, anyone who seriously intends to become a philosopher must \"once in his life\" withdraw into himself and attempt, within himself, to overthrow and build anew all the sciences that, up to then, he has been accepting."},{"year":"370 BC","internalID":"25","philosopher":{"id":"4B7B8E3A-A01C-41B5-89B7-F6464C64A104"},"id":"B800D12C-8227-41D8-AA18-732F91381BD5","work":"Phaedrus","quote":"Oh dear Pan and all the other Gods of this place, grant that I may be beautiful inside."},{"year":"1917 AD","internalID":"250","philosopher":{"id":"B03D878D-9657-4EB1-A886-59C19F52BDA5"},"id":"25F6CD63-B2B1-4B7F-ADFC-2C278B6D11A6","work":"Pure Phenomenology","quote":"A new fundamental science, pure phenomenology, has developed within philosophy: This is a science of a thoroughly new type and endless scope. It is inferior in methodological rigor to none of the modern sciences. All philosophical disciplines are rooted in pure phenomenology, through whose development, and through it alone, they obtain their proper force."},{"year":"1917 AD","internalID":"251","philosopher":{"id":"B03D878D-9657-4EB1-A886-59C19F52BDA5"},"id":"87F7FB15-E853-46C4-A173-32A4EE5B8BE2","work":"Pure Phenomenology","quote":"To every object there corresponds an ideally closed system of truths that are true of it and, on the other hand, an ideal system of possible cognitive processes by virtue of which the object and the truths about it would be given to any cognitive subject."},{"year":"1917 AD","internalID":"252","philosopher":{"id":"B03D878D-9657-4EB1-A886-59C19F52BDA5"},"id":"BFAF425E-3324-458A-B7D6-AAC8EA0B4940","work":"Pure Phenomenology","quote":"Experience by itself is not science."},{"year":"1906 AD","internalID":"253","philosopher":{"id":"80EC6998-C414-4615-90F8-D7B18D5B3854"},"id":"8154F401-04C0-45CC-BD96-7687C41DAF8D","work":"The Tragedy of Woman's Emancipation","quote":"There is no hope even that woman, with her right to vote, will ever purify politics."},{"year":"1906 AD","internalID":"254","philosopher":{"id":"80EC6998-C414-4615-90F8-D7B18D5B3854"},"id":"98CEBCB9-7420-44FD-AA16-2AD9C79F4AFB","work":"The Tragedy of Woman's Emancipation","quote":"The demand for equal rights in every vocation of life is just and fair; but, after all, the most vital right is the right to love and be loved."},{"year":"1916 AD","internalID":"255","philosopher":{"id":"80EC6998-C414-4615-90F8-D7B18D5B3854"},"id":"A2F24B33-D6DE-4241-B49C-CE7724BC9E2C","work":"The Philosophy of Atheism","quote":"It is characteristic of theistic \"tolerance\" that no one really cares what the people believe in, just so they believe or pretend to believe."},{"year":"1908 AD","internalID":"256","philosopher":{"id":"80EC6998-C414-4615-90F8-D7B18D5B3854"},"id":"8EC6615B-FD29-43BD-95E0-B771AA252449","work":"What is Patriotism?","quote":"Thinking men and women the world over are beginning to realize that patriotism is too narrow and limited a conception to meet the necessities of our time."},{"year":"1910 AD","internalID":"257","philosopher":{"id":"80EC6998-C414-4615-90F8-D7B18D5B3854"},"id":"B9EE29F8-3791-400D-BDF2-37867618C46C","work":"Anarchism: What it Really Stands For","quote":"Anarchism is the only philosophy which brings to man the consciousness of himself; which maintains that God, the State, and society are non-existent, that their promises are null and void, since they can be fullfilled only through man's subordination."},{"year":"1908 AD","internalID":"258","philosopher":{"id":"80EC6998-C414-4615-90F8-D7B18D5B3854"},"id":"17868960-104B-4509-8F21-EC7DC81A380C","work":"What is Patriotism?","quote":"We Americans claim to be a peace-loving people. We hate bloodshed; we are opposed to violence. Yet we go into spasms of joy over the possibility of projecting dynamite bombs from flying machines upon helpless citizens."},{"year":"1908 AD","internalID":"259","philosopher":{"id":"80EC6998-C414-4615-90F8-D7B18D5B3854"},"id":"C464A8E6-D085-4C31-8089-91A3D0A663CE","work":"What is Patriotism?","quote":"...the greatest bulwark of capitalism is militarism."},{"year":"360 BC","internalID":"26","philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"id":"859D07B9-F24F-40B6-AA3C-36DDC87E45E8","work":"Metaphysics","quote":"All men by nature desire to know. An indication of this is the delight we take in our senses; for even apart from their usefulness they are loved for themselves; and above all others the sense of sight."},{"year":"1913 AD","internalID":"260","philosopher":{"id":"80EC6998-C414-4615-90F8-D7B18D5B3854"},"id":"7E15F48D-3156-4E33-98EC-5A88AA427A69","work":"The Failure of Christianity","quote":"The Fathers of the Church can well afford to preach the gospel of Christ. It contains nothing dangerous to the regime of authority and wealth; it stands for self-denial and self-abnegation, for penance and regret, and is absolutely inert in the face of every [in]dignity, every outrage imposed upon mankind."},{"year":"1914 AD","internalID":"261","philosopher":{"id":"80EC6998-C414-4615-90F8-D7B18D5B3854"},"id":"B8CD1F45-A8EB-45AF-A5A3-203782D8F76B","work":"Intellectual Proletarians","quote":"Those who will not worship at the shrine of money, need not hope for recognition. On the other hand, they will also not have to think other people’s thoughts or wear other people’s political clothes. They will not have to proclaim as true that which is false, nor praise that as humanitarian which is brutal."},{"year":"1919 AD","internalID":"262","philosopher":{"id":"20B6AF0E-BCAA-4BEC-9C65-49E2BEC41585"},"id":"01AAA5EF-345D-4688-8712-D100150DFBDA","work":"Die russische Revolution. Eine kritische Würdigung","quote":"Freedom only for the members of the government, only for the members of the Party — though they are quite numerous — is no freedom at all. Freedom is always the freedom of dissenters."},{"year":"1919 AD","internalID":"263","philosopher":{"id":"20B6AF0E-BCAA-4BEC-9C65-49E2BEC41585"},"id":"18DE0C23-4B62-4C62-98A2-0E16805167B5","work":"Order reigns in Berlin","quote":"Tomorrow the revolution will 'rise up again, clashing its weapons,' and to your horror it will proclaim with trumpets blazing: I was, I am, I shall be!"},{"year":"1911 AD","internalID":"264","philosopher":{"id":"20B6AF0E-BCAA-4BEC-9C65-49E2BEC41585"},"id":"43103DF7-2BA0-4853-8D1D-11978A6D103A","work":"Peace Utopias","quote":"The friends of peace in bourgeois circles believe that world peace and disarmament can be realised within the frame-work of the present social order, whereas we, who base ourselves on the materialistic conception of history and on scientific socialism, are convinced that militarism can only be abolished from the world with the destruction of the capitalist class state."},{"year":"1915 AD","internalID":"265","philosopher":{"id":"20B6AF0E-BCAA-4BEC-9C65-49E2BEC41585"},"id":"8E4927D4-34B2-4415-A018-FE2754C3109F","work":"The Junius Pamphlet","quote":"Bourgeois class domination is undoubtedly an historical necessity, but, so too, the rising of the working class against it. Capital is an historical necessity, but, so too, its grave digger, the socialist proletariat."},{"year":"1945 AD","internalID":"266","philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"id":"B6FE71B5-AEDB-4FC2-8CE6-138C2D3ED86B","work":"The Open Society and Its Enemies","quote":"No rational argument will have a rational effect on a man who does not want to adopt a rational attitude."},{"year":"1945 AD","internalID":"267","philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"id":"0076570C-C8D0-4B6B-AB72-C668405F0D41","work":"The Open Society and Its Enemies","quote":"Unlimited tolerance must lead to the disappearance of tolerance. If we extend unlimited tolerance even to those who are intolerant, if we are not prepared to defend a tolerant society against the onslaught of the intolerant, then the tolerant will be destroyed, and tolerance with them."},{"year":"","internalID":"268","philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"id":"D9DD7DFA-065F-433E-85A0-AA4A705C36A9","work":"In Passing: Condolences and Complaints on Death, Dying, and Related Disappointments","quote":"Those who promise us paradise on earth never produced anything but a hell."},{"year":"1934 AD","internalID":"269","philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"id":"14FCB8F7-AF55-4432-A9F9-8630B3EE88E4","work":"The Logic of Scientific Discovery","quote":"The game of science is, in principle, without end. He who decides one day that scientific statements do not call for any further test, and that they can be regarded as finally verified, retires from the game."},{"year":"360 BC","internalID":"27","philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"id":"B919DF0E-0C77-435F-85E2-494B5951478C","work":"Metaphysics","quote":"That which is desirable on its own account and for the sake of knowing it is more of the nature of wisdom than that which is desirable on account of its results."},{"year":"1957 AD","internalID":"270","philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"id":"7D2B625B-D4EB-4832-A778-57BCF94CF120","work":"The Poverty of Historicism","quote":"If we are uncritical we shall always find what we want: we shall look for, and find, confirmations, and we shall look away from, and not see, whatever might be dangerous to our pet theories."},{"year":"","internalID":"271","philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"id":"16F72EC0-E6C3-4CA4-AA45-C16CCEE8A698","work":"","quote":"Philosophers should consider the fact that the greatest happiness principle can easily be made an excuse for a benevolent dictatorship."},{"year":"1934 AD","internalID":"272","philosopher":{"id":"E3315583-3AD8-4AD0-BF0B-603D92C1D731"},"id":"7DD2D293-F503-4F84-AE05-2AF86F10C84B","work":"The Logic of Scientific Discovery","quote":"...no matter how many instances of white swans we may have observed, this does not justify the conclusion that all swans are white."},{"year":"1944 AD","internalID":"273","philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"id":"B82E6BA1-7FB7-428B-B4B9-D6BD80848D84","work":"Dialectic of Enlightenment","quote":"Bourgeois society is ruled by equivalence. It makes the dissimilar comparable by reducing it to abstract quantities. To the enlightenment, that which does not reduce to numbers, and ultimately to the one, becomes illusion."},{"year":"1944 AD","internalID":"274","philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"id":"94E6C60D-868D-43CE-B667-3567C57C22D5","work":"Dialectic of Enlightenment","quote":"The blessing that the market does not ask about birth is paid for in the exchange society by the fact that the possibilities conferred by birth are molded to fit the production of goods that can be bought on the market."},{"year":"1944 AD","internalID":"275","philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"id":"D6147837-8BFD-46CE-92C5-5848F3828FA7","work":"Dialectic of Enlightenment","quote":"The metaphysical apologia at least betrayed the injustice of the established order through the incongruence of concept and reality. The impartiality of scientific language deprived what was powerless of the strength to make itself heard and merely provided the existing order with a neutral sign for itself. Such neutrality is more metaphysical than metaphysics."},{"year":"1938 AD","internalID":"276","philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"id":"A8573F6B-BB39-4275-9074-770E7C7A8977","work":"On the Fetish Character in Music and the Regression of Listening","quote":"Even the most insensitive hit song enthusiast cannot always escape the feeling that the child with a sweet tooth comes to know in the candy store."},{"year":"1951 AD","internalID":"277","philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"id":"28165F38-AF6F-440A-A7C5-0F62D675D816","work":"Minima Moralia","quote":"In the end, glorification of splendid underdogs is nothing other than the glorification of the splendid system that makes them so."},{"year":"1963 AD","internalID":"278","philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"id":"C72ABDF4-1E99-455E-963B-5F937AE681DE","work":"Culture Industry Reconsidered","quote":"In the products of the culture industry human beings get into trouble only so that they can be rescued unharmed, usually by representatives of a benevolent collective; and then, in illusory harmony, they are reconciled with the general interest whose demands they had initially experienced as irreconcilable with their own."},{"year":"1963 AD","internalID":"279","philosopher":{"id":"C9D4FE75-42D4-4F88-9E9D-A8ECCC08CB7C"},"id":"69926344-71F1-4E60-AF79-041702365568","work":"Why still philosophy?","quote":"Being, in whose name Heidegger’s philosophy increasingly concentrates itself, is for him—as a pure self-presentation to passive consciousness—just as immediate, just as independent of the mediations of the subject as the facts and the sensory data are for the positivists. In both philosophical movements thinking becomes a necessary evil and is broadly discredited."},{"year":"","internalID":"28","philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"id":"7D3738C8-DF5C-40EF-98D4-72B8CB4CA71A","work":"Nicomachean Ethics","quote":"It is the mark of an educated man to look for precision in each class of things just so far as the nature of the subject admits; it is evidently equally foolish to accept probable reasoning from a mathematician and to demand from a rhetorician scientific proofs."},{"year":"1966 AD","internalID":"280","philosopher":{"id":"3ED20891-9043-47CC-BF2F-13F135A07246"},"id":"88EC32F3-AE21-43D1-8CDA-FD6F605A70A4","work":"Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal","quote":"Remember also that the smallest minority on earth is the individual. Those who deny individual rights, cannot claim to be defenders of minorities."},{"year":"1966 AD","internalID":"281","philosopher":{"id":"3ED20891-9043-47CC-BF2F-13F135A07246"},"id":"CC68AECA-D734-480E-BC6A-8835E69C3902","work":"Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal","quote":"Let anyone who believes that a high standard of living is the achievement of labor unions and government controls ask himself the following question: If one had a \"time machine\" and transported the united labor chieftains of America, plus three million government bureaucrats, back to the tenth century—would they be able to provide the medieval serf with electric light, refrigerators, automobiles, and television sets?"},{"year":"1937 AD","internalID":"282","philosopher":{"id":"3ED20891-9043-47CC-BF2F-13F135A07246"},"id":"5BFE0D40-78C9-4220-9ED5-03F08BF9204E","work":"Anthem","quote":"In the temple of his spirit, each man is alone."},{"year":"1937 AD","internalID":"283","philosopher":{"id":"3ED20891-9043-47CC-BF2F-13F135A07246"},"id":"945F307A-8909-4D23-A541-08BA48BBB796","work":"Anthem","quote":"I need no warrant for being, and no word of sanction upon my being. I am the warrant and the sanction."},{"year":"","internalID":"284","philosopher":{"id":"3ED20891-9043-47CC-BF2F-13F135A07246"},"id":"54535BC0-0FFE-4A54-B77D-2D084CA833C4","work":"Journals of Ayn Rand","quote":"Selfishness does not mean only to do things for one's self. One may do things, affecting others, for his own pleasure and benefit. This is not immoral, but the highest of morality."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"285","philosopher":{"id":"3ED20891-9043-47CC-BF2F-13F135A07246"},"id":"6B3AAB18-DB07-41A3-8B0F-57AEBD2FD193","work":"The Virtue of Selfishness","quote":"The moral cannibalism of all hedonist and altruist doctrines lies in the premise that the happiness of one man necessitates the injury of another."},{"year":"1989 AD","internalID":"286","philosopher":{"id":"3ED20891-9043-47CC-BF2F-13F135A07246"},"id":"4361C408-D6A1-47CF-B95F-6745E89BDE10","work":"The Voice of Reason","quote":"Every coercive monopoly was created by government intervention into the economy: by special privileges, such as franchises or subsidies, which closed the entry of competitors into a given field, by legislative action."},{"year":"","internalID":"287","philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"id":"72859B8F-1038-4EF9-B53B-802E2CACA080","work":"The Life of the Mind","quote":"The sad truth is that most evil is done by people who never make up their minds to be good or evil."},{"year":"1963 AD","internalID":"288","philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"id":"E8FDC863-68F6-41CF-9FAD-0BD15EB7279E","work":"Eichmann in Jerusalem","quote":"No punishment has ever possessed enough power of deterrence to prevent the commission of crimes. On the contrary, whatever the punishment, once a specific crime has appeared for the first time, its reappearance is more likely than its initial emergence could ever have been."},{"year":"1951 AD","internalID":"289","philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"id":"3C660CCA-FE04-43C1-82CF-3CEFE4D316DF","work":"The Origins of Totalitarianism","quote":"The concentration camps, by making death itself anonymous (making it impossible to find out whether a prisoner is dead or alive), robbed death of its meaning as the end of a fulfilled life."},{"year":"","internalID":"29","philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"id":"E5DF3DA3-34FA-405F-91FC-F9A60DA2A957","work":"Nicomachean Ethics","quote":"Piety requires us to honor truth above our friends."},{"year":"1969 AD","internalID":"290","philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"id":"79D1BFCB-DFDC-4A96-A9A0-7306D4C33B29","work":"Crises of the Republic","quote":"Power and violence are opposites; where the one rules absolutely, the other is absent. Violence appears where power is in jeopardy, but left to its own course it ends in power's disappearance."},{"year":"1969 AD","internalID":"291","philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"id":"29591DD1-8C72-4B80-8B84-24DD47501198","work":"Crises of the Republic","quote":"Revolutionaries do not make revolutions! The revolutionaries are those who know when power is lying in the street and when they can pick it up. Armed uprising by itself has never yet led to revolution."},{"year":"1963 AD","internalID":"292","philosopher":{"id":"E1D85DE9-595F-40A3-B281-E41B2A68F222"},"id":"BBA42BF2-986D-4215-9B9C-2B5FC12A17BC","work":"The Origins of Totalitarianism","quote":"The trouble with Eichmann was precisely that so many were like him, and that the many were neither perverted nor sadistic, that they were, and still are, terribly and terrifyingly normal."},{"year":"1945 AD","internalID":"293","philosopher":{"id":"E869677C-23CB-41F7-8F39-AB8F499CAAC2"},"id":"C599D033-62E0-479E-BE1B-1B542E74CC9C","work":"Phenomenology of Perception","quote":"The world is nothing but 'world-as-meaning.'"},{"year":"1945 AD","internalID":"294","philosopher":{"id":"E869677C-23CB-41F7-8F39-AB8F499CAAC2"},"id":"520B13EE-1298-4671-B59C-67B48E925284","work":"Phenomenology of Perception","quote":"Language transcends us and yet, we speak."},{"year":"1953 AD","internalID":"295","philosopher":{"id":"E869677C-23CB-41F7-8F39-AB8F499CAAC2"},"id":"B7A04FEA-A51C-4DE2-8E69-2F829D1AE820","work":"In Praise of Philosophy","quote":"Theology makes use of philosophical wonder only for the purpose of motivating an affirmation which ends it. Philosophy, on the other hand, arouses us to what is problematic in our own existence and in that of the world, to such a point that we shall never be cured of searching for a solution."},{"year":"1945 AD","internalID":"296","philosopher":{"id":"E869677C-23CB-41F7-8F39-AB8F499CAAC2"},"id":"91E46CD7-FFA9-4113-A1B2-7C50DAB15328","work":"Phenomenology of Perception","quote":"The function [of objective thinking] is to reduce all phenomena which bear witness to the union of subject and world, putting in their place the clear idea of the object as in itself and of the subject as pure consciousness. It therefore severs the links which unite the thing and the embodied subject, leaving only sensible qualities to make up our world (to the exclusion of the modes of appearance which we have described), and preferably visual qualities, because these give the impression of being autonomous, and because they are less directly linked to our body and present us with an object rather than introducing us into an atmosphere. But in reality all things are concretions of a setting, and any explicit perception of a thing survives in virtue of a previous communication with a certain atmosphere."},{"year":"1963 AD","internalID":"297","philosopher":{"id":"E869677C-23CB-41F7-8F39-AB8F499CAAC2"},"id":"B0AE7EC6-F7FD-4BDE-B6E6-D456F611B102","work":"In Praise of Philosophy","quote":"Philosophy is in history, and is never independent of historical discourse. But for the tacit symbolism of life it substitutes, in principle, a conscious symbolism; for a latent meaning, one that is manifest. It is never content to accept its historical situation. It changes this situation by revealing it to itself."},{"year":"1949 AD","internalID":"298","philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"id":"D5B826E3-0D96-47D3-8DFA-D34388D5A517","work":"The Second Sex","quote":"One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman."},{"year":"1947 AD","internalID":"299","philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"id":"9A17136D-1D28-482F-8C67-A45190ACEBD9","work":"The Ethics of Ambiguity","quote":"From the very beginning, existentialism defined itself as a philosophy of ambiguity."},{"year":"","internalID":"3","philosopher":{"id":"410D7B25-4F70-4346-A01A-CA556498FFFE"},"id":"66C049DC-FD59-4C83-A13F-3AFA6A87B0E7","work":"","quote":"The path up and down are one and the same."},{"year":"","internalID":"30","philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"id":"9AAD356A-2C14-4327-8998-BE47E3924F65","work":"Politics","quote":"Man is by nature a political animal."},{"year":"1947 AD","internalID":"300","philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"id":"8715C1A0-4C59-42F9-BE0A-BE5222EC3315","work":"The Ethics of Ambiguity","quote":"We must not confuse the present with the past. With regard to the past, no further action is possible. There have been war, plague, scandal, and treason, and there is no way of our preventing their having taken place; the executioner became an executioner and the victim underwent his fate as a victim without us; all that we can do is to reveal it, to integrate it into the human heritage, to raise it to the dignity of the aesthetic existence which bears within itself its finality; but first this history had to occur: it occurred as scandal, revolt, crime, or sacrifice, and we were able to try to save it only because it first offered us a form."},{"year":"1949 AD","internalID":"301","philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"id":"8743A34C-5FE6-4068-AF35-7CCEAE2B4307","work":"The Second Sex","quote":"All oppression creates a state of war."},{"year":"1968 AD","internalID":"302","philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"id":"3CC2E360-3D2E-4936-A399-37F951FD8B67","work":"Force of Circumstances","quote":"Self-knowledge is no guarantee of happiness, but it is on the side of happiness and can supply the courage to fight for it."},{"year":"1970 AD","internalID":"303","philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"id":"7E4FAD1C-F2E6-45F6-909B-1AA3C1DBB87A","work":"The Coming of Age","quote":"Work almost always has a double aspect: it is a bondage, a wearisome drudgery; but it is also a source of interest, a steadying element, a factor that helps to integrate the worker with society. Retirement may be looked upon either as a prolonged holiday or as a rejection, a being thrown on to the scrap-heap."},{"year":"1970 AD","internalID":"304","philosopher":{"id":"0515F212-B273-41C9-8C90-C08414451714"},"id":"501EDBD0-7C4B-4FA2-945B-0D961742D3F2","work":"The Coming of Age","quote":"Society cares about the individual only in so far as he is profitable. The young know this. Their anxiety as they enter in upon social life matches the anguish of the old as they are excluded from it."},{"year":"1971 AD","internalID":"305","philosopher":{"id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4"},"id":"8A59A28F-0AB1-4F48-A9CF-16CD5549FCC3","work":"A Theory of Justice","quote":"The principles of justice are chosen behind a veil of ignorance."},{"year":"1971 AD","internalID":"306","philosopher":{"id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4"},"id":"223BB4CE-EE55-4286-AA2F-675A95C34EAD","work":"A Theory of Justice","quote":"The natural distribution is neither just nor unjust; nor is it unjust that persons are born into society at some particular position. These are simply natural facts. What is just and unjust is the way that institutions deal with these facts."},{"year":"1971 AD","internalID":"307","philosopher":{"id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4"},"id":"7BFC6F84-DB09-41EF-BB74-290DCA2C0E80","work":"A Theory of Justice","quote":"Clearly when the liberties are left unrestricted they collide with one another."},{"year":"1971 AD","internalID":"308","philosopher":{"id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4"},"id":"C83FF798-368F-404D-830E-01F0C30B12C0","work":"A Theory of Justice","quote":"Ideal legislators do not vote their interests."},{"year":"1971 AD","internalID":"309","philosopher":{"id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4"},"id":"34CCC788-FD62-41A5-8130-68FCA8DD7764","work":"A Theory of Justice","quote":"In justice as fairness society is interpreted as a cooperative venture for mutual advantage."},{"year":"","internalID":"31","philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"id":"C460E74E-3039-45EF-AD43-E5A000B9D01E","work":"Rhetoric","quote":"Wit is cultured insolence."},{"year":"1971 AD","internalID":"310","philosopher":{"id":"9F487385-705B-4E30-A9A6-6D272E0D4DF4"},"id":"487EBF0E-07F9-4209-A93D-3FD3C1FB8633","work":"A Theory of Justice","quote":"The fault of the utilitarian doctrine is that it mistakes impersonality for impartiality."},{"year":"1952 AD","internalID":"311","philosopher":{"id":"98C768D9-67A3-44F9-9799-F80A0C29BED4"},"id":"22A61234-76B9-4601-9769-72198308ACBC","work":"Black Skin, White Masks","quote":"To speak a language is to take on a world, a culture."},{"year":"1952 AD","internalID":"312","philosopher":{"id":"98C768D9-67A3-44F9-9799-F80A0C29BED4"},"id":"3397577D-1647-49E2-81C6-7A682621187E","work":"Black Skin, White Masks","quote":"What matters is not to know the world but to change it."},{"year":"1952 AD","internalID":"313","philosopher":{"id":"98C768D9-67A3-44F9-9799-F80A0C29BED4"},"id":"349BC841-C999-43EB-88B0-89A296034B27","work":"Black Skin, White Masks","quote":"O my body, make of me always a man who questions!"},{"year":"1961 AD","internalID":"314","philosopher":{"id":"98C768D9-67A3-44F9-9799-F80A0C29BED4"},"id":"F9430117-D62E-4A7C-BED4-1B2852FFF6F9","work":"The Wretched of the Earth","quote":"The Church in the colonies is the white people’s Church, the foreigner’s Church. She does not call the native to God’s ways but to the ways of the white man, of the master, of the oppressor."},{"year":"1961 AD","internalID":"315","philosopher":{"id":"98C768D9-67A3-44F9-9799-F80A0C29BED4"},"id":"ADDE5C21-10B8-47D0-98B5-3C69DBB72CAD","work":"The Wretched of the Earth","quote":"The living expression of the nation is the collective consciousness in motion of the entire people."},{"year":"1961 AD","internalID":"316","philosopher":{"id":"98C768D9-67A3-44F9-9799-F80A0C29BED4"},"id":"4053753A-DBDB-4651-A4B6-25B83CC7615F","work":"The Wretched of the Earth","quote":"When the native hears a speech about Western culture he pulls out his knife—or at least he makes sure it is within reach. The violence with which the supremacy of white values is affirmed and the aggressiveness which has permeated the victory of these values over the ways of life and of thought of the native mean that, in revenge, the native laughs in mockery when Western values are mentioned in front of him."},{"year":"1974 AD","internalID":"317","philosopher":{"id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB"},"id":"B4FD48F0-BF89-4EE4-82BE-2297A9BEA6B4","work":"Anarchy, State, and Utopia","quote":"Individuals have rights and there are things no person or group may do to them (without violating their rights)."},{"year":"1974 AD","internalID":"318","philosopher":{"id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB"},"id":"72EAFA51-B99E-4CBA-96F4-4FFDE266442D","work":"Anarchy, State, and Utopia","quote":"Our main conclusions about the state are that a minimal state, limited, to the narrow functions of protection against force, theft, fraud, enforcement of contracts, and so on, is justified, but any more extensive state will violate persons' rights not to be forced to do certain things, and is unjustified; and that the minimal state is inspiring as well as right."},{"year":"1974 AD","internalID":"319","philosopher":{"id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB"},"id":"E8ED7288-1212-450B-A92C-48371D3764C6","work":"Anarchy, State, and Utopia","quote":"Our starting point then, though nonpolitical, is by intention far from nonmoral. Moral philosophy sets the background for, and boundaries of, political philosophy. What persons may and may not do to one another limits what they may do through the apparatus of a state, or do to establish such an apparatus."},{"year":"","internalID":"32","philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"id":"DCD12C3B-B8A7-47F8-B885-D8BEF0040FC4","work":"Rhetoric","quote":"All human actions have one or more of these seven causes: chance, nature, compulsions, habit, reason, passion and desire"},{"year":"1974 AD","internalID":"320","philosopher":{"id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB"},"id":"29E63572-47A3-40E9-B8CE-50065F5B4115","work":"Anarchy, State, and Utopia","quote":"Taxation of earnings from labor is on a par with forced labor. Seizing the results of someone's labor is equivalent to seizing hours from him and directing him to carry on various activities."},{"year":"1974 AD","internalID":"321","philosopher":{"id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB"},"id":"AC2E91B7-AE65-4F7A-9E91-8B4B456C4F2C","work":"Anarchy, State, and Utopia","quote":"You can't satisfy everybody; especially if there are those who will be dissatisfied unless not everybody is satisfied."},{"year":"1974 AD","internalID":"322","philosopher":{"id":"236B155A-FD0A-47E4-943A-14C0B57293BB"},"id":"E4310B1E-675E-49D0-ADDB-6E89DBCE69FF","work":"Anarchy, State, and Utopia","quote":"Utopia is a meta-utopia: the environment in which Utopian experiments may be tried out; the environment in which people are free to do their own thing; the environment which must, to a great extent, be realized first if more particular Utopian visions are to be realized stably."},{"year":"1979 AD","internalID":"323","philosopher":{"id":"4C870661-2E10-4B20-B3D0-2462DA8192DF"},"id":"4BDDB454-5576-49E7-81B2-2287618E5C8E","work":"Between the Blinds","quote":"What cannot be said above all must not be silenced but written."},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"324","philosopher":{"id":"4C870661-2E10-4B20-B3D0-2462DA8192DF"},"id":"0F73F6A1-1CEB-4F3A-9D6A-83D78A6FF5D2","work":"Limited Inc","quote":"What is called \"objectivity,\" scientific for instance (in which I firmly believe, in a given situation) imposes itself only within a context which is extremely vast, old, firmly established, or rooted in a network of conventions … and yet which still remains a context."},{"year":"1979 AD","internalID":"325","philosopher":{"id":"5F255A15-B2C6-41A7-ACDB-ECF9B824C8E6"},"id":"2884BC23-2EA8-4C1D-8DE5-7CD312D3CC94","work":"Philosophy and The Mirror of Nature","quote":"Truth is what your contemporaries let you get away with."},{"year":"1989 AD","internalID":"326","philosopher":{"id":"5F255A15-B2C6-41A7-ACDB-ECF9B824C8E6"},"id":"4CDEBF22-E964-46D9-AB53-44A31C31A1AF","work":"Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity","quote":"The world does not speak. Only we do. The world can, once we have programmed ourselves with a language, cause us to hold beliefs. But it cannot propose a language for us to speak. Only other human beings can do that."},{"year":"1989 AD","internalID":"327","philosopher":{"id":"5F255A15-B2C6-41A7-ACDB-ECF9B824C8E6"},"id":"D8CAD081-B958-418A-A212-19EB36B616B4","work":"Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity","quote":"To abjure the notion of the “truly human” is to abjure the attempt to divinize the self as a replacement for a divinized world."},{"year":"1992 AD","internalID":"328","philosopher":{"id":"5F255A15-B2C6-41A7-ACDB-ECF9B824C8E6"},"id":"4B8CF1B6-9179-46F7-87D7-4860F1D36B5E","work":"Trotsky and the Wild Orchids","quote":"The orthodox tend to think that people who, like the postmodernists and me, believe neither in God nor in some suitable substitute, must feel that everything is permitted, that everybody can do what they like."},{"year":"1991 AD","internalID":"329","philosopher":{"id":"5F255A15-B2C6-41A7-ACDB-ECF9B824C8E6"},"id":"39F9DB92-715E-4B1A-83A2-9A4A19A09B06","work":"The Priority of Democracy to Philosophy","quote":"Citizens of a Jeffersonian democracy can be as religious or irreligious as they please as long as they are not “fanatical.” That is, they must abandon or modify opinion on matters of ultimate importance, the opinions that may hitherto have given sense and point to their lives, if these opinions entail public actions that cannot be justified to most of their fellow citizens."},{"year":"","internalID":"33","philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"id":"39F5B4A4-BB4F-4EB9-BA35-94CE7840943D","work":"Politics","quote":"Man, when perfected, is the best of animals, but when separated from law and justice, he is the worst of all."},{"year":"1991 AD","internalID":"330","philosopher":{"id":"5F255A15-B2C6-41A7-ACDB-ECF9B824C8E6"},"id":"CEE5833C-9731-40C3-8621-A6330F12E2FB","work":"The Priority of Democracy to Philosophy","quote":"Contemporary intellectuals have given up the Enlightenment assumption that religion, myth, and tradition can be opposed to something ahistorical, something common to all human beings qua human."},{"year":"1990 AD","internalID":"331","philosopher":{"id":"9FB6BB7A-086C-4FB8-B3EF-7E2857C7E0F3"},"id":"AE85554B-0472-4FCC-A669-D44435CBAEC4","work":"Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity","quote":"There is no gender identity behind the expressions of gender; that identity is performatively constituted by the very \"expressions\" that are said to be its results."},{"year":"1990 AD","internalID":"332","philosopher":{"id":"9FB6BB7A-086C-4FB8-B3EF-7E2857C7E0F3"},"id":"C83B2CE5-4486-45B9-A982-5FC6ABA062D9","work":"Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity","quote":"If the immutable character of sex is contested, perhaps this construct called ‘sex’ is as culturally constructed as gender; indeed, perhaps it was always already gender, with the consequence that the distinction between sex and gender turns out to be no distinction at all."},{"year":"1990 AD","internalID":"333","philosopher":{"id":"9FB6BB7A-086C-4FB8-B3EF-7E2857C7E0F3"},"id":"22847963-145B-4C81-AA8D-E8F398EAC086","work":"Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity","quote":"To operate within the matrix of power is not the same as to replicate uncritically relations of domination."},{"year":"2004 AD","internalID":"334","philosopher":{"id":"9FB6BB7A-086C-4FB8-B3EF-7E2857C7E0F3"},"id":"84673BA5-61AA-490B-8D80-00315F76346B","work":"Undoing Gender","quote":"What is most important is to cease legislating for all lives what is liveable only for some, and similarly, to refrain from proscribing for all lives what is unlivable for some."},{"year":"1997 AD","internalID":"335","philosopher":{"id":"9FB6BB7A-086C-4FB8-B3EF-7E2857C7E0F3"},"id":"16B6518C-F526-4B53-BACD-238CB703D401","work":"Further Reflections on the Conversations of Our Time","quote":"The move from a structuralist account in which capital is understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to repetition, convergence, and rearticulation brought the question of temporality into the thinking of structure, and marked a shift from a form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of the rearticulation of power."},{"year":"1759 AD","internalID":"336","philosopher":{"id":"0A1BF11A-9343-4EB1-BDFC-FDE556F448D5"},"id":"5FBD78CE-5800-4499-A4DC-8B58CD2F73CA","work":"Candide","quote":"\"Optimism,\" said Cacambo, \"What is that?\" \"Alas!\" replied Candide, \"It is the obstinacy of maintaining that everything is best when it is worst!\""},{"year":"1770 AD","internalID":"337","philosopher":{"id":"0A1BF11A-9343-4EB1-BDFC-FDE556F448D5"},"id":"072B1B99-140F-4A79-8D4E-9A8A94DDB8E1","work":"Épître à l'Auteur du Livre des Trois Imposteurs","quote":"If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him."},{"year":"1752 AD","internalID":"338","philosopher":{"id":"0A1BF11A-9343-4EB1-BDFC-FDE556F448D5"},"id":"31303A03-D440-4A5D-9E5B-320A8F4FEC8C","work":"Le Siècle de Louis XIV","quote":"It is dangerous to be right in matters where established men are wrong."},{"year":"1770 AD","internalID":"339","philosopher":{"id":"0A1BF11A-9343-4EB1-BDFC-FDE556F448D5"},"id":"6D062A5F-5AB9-4051-AF87-FA6737894143","work":"Oracles","quote":"Nothing is so common as to imitate one's enemies, and to use their weapons."},{"year":"","internalID":"34","philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"id":"E1783FA4-3FC0-444F-BC87-C051EEA0DD5F","work":"Posterior Analytics","quote":"Knowledge of the fact differs from knowledge of the reason for the fact."},{"year":"1771 AD","internalID":"340","philosopher":{"id":"0A1BF11A-9343-4EB1-BDFC-FDE556F448D5"},"id":"4E8146AD-3CEE-4379-88BE-61AEC542E047","work":"Rights","quote":"It is forbidden to kill; therefore all murderers are punished unless they kill in large numbers and to the sound of trumpets."},{"year":"1738 AD","internalID":"341","philosopher":{"id":"0A1BF11A-9343-4EB1-BDFC-FDE556F448D5"},"id":"EAFE82CC-0EB0-4ED5-A0CA-6B8F58571217","work":"Sept Discours en Vers sur l'Homme","quote":"The secret of being a bore is to tell everything."},{"year":"1767 AD","internalID":"342","philosopher":{"id":"0A1BF11A-9343-4EB1-BDFC-FDE556F448D5"},"id":"6F843E0C-2E43-47F7-9C0A-1E85E81E5D2B","work":"Le dîner du comte de Boulainvilliers","quote":"A witty saying proves nothing."},{"year":"1771 AD","internalID":"343","philosopher":{"id":"0A1BF11A-9343-4EB1-BDFC-FDE556F448D5"},"id":"8E96FF67-8D80-431D-B86C-F79F7FA00674","work":"Questions sur l'Encyclopédie","quote":"Divorce is probably of nearly the same age as marriage. I believe, however, that marriage is some weeks the more ancient."},{"year":"1923 AD","internalID":"344","philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"id":"0BE40747-0DDE-4F58-BDC8-045336C02DC3","work":"The Ego and the Id","quote":"It is easy to see that the ego is that part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world."},{"year":"1929 AD","internalID":"345","philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"id":"B4B39C00-5CA1-4EF9-9DED-EBD44BC880F4","work":"Civilization and Its Discontents","quote":"We are never so defenceless against suffering as when we love."},{"year":"1938 AD","internalID":"346","philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"id":"FB2DF23D-8C03-448D-B83E-66D9C7818948","work":"Moses and Monotheism","quote":"The Mosaic religion had been a Father religion; Christianity became a Son religion. The old God, the Father, took second place; Christ, the Son, stood in His stead, just as in those dark times every son had longed to do."},{"year":"1929 AD","internalID":"347","philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"id":"A167589C-0AC7-443B-B4CE-87238C984F6B","work":"Civilization and Its Discontents","quote":"The first requisite of civilization, therefore, is that of justice—that is, the assurance that a law once made will not be broken in favour of an individual."},{"year":"1923 AD","internalID":"348","philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"id":"975F15D5-8F43-42CA-8E07-C8C849522601","work":"The Ego and the Id","quote":"The sexual wishes in regard to the mother become more intense and the father is perceived as an obstacle to the; this gives rise to the Oedipus complex."},{"year":"1927 AD","internalID":"349","philosopher":{"id":"197B49D7-F130-485D-A49F-9A89248E5958"},"id":"F3CCFAA1-A618-4BF2-AA2B-4EEF77DF01B7","work":"The Future of an Illusion","quote":"Religion is a system of wishful illusions together with a disavowal of reality, such as we find nowhere else but in a state of blissful hallucinatory confusion. Religion's eleventh commandment is \"Thou shalt not question.\""},{"year":"","internalID":"35","philosopher":{"id":"29CAB993-0821-4680-B05C-3DD5892EEC55"},"id":"9B3BF261-FD88-4EFC-972D-EB942ECBE9E1","work":"Poetics","quote":"A whole is that which has beginning, middle, and end."},{"year":"1903 AD","internalID":"350","philosopher":{"id":"3569A488-D7FE-4C58-BB4F-50AACF2A0FBA"},"id":"1C866D4E-0681-4361-B539-8C7CCB5978ED","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","quote":"To be a poor man is hard, but to be a poor race in a land of dollars is the very bottom of hardships."},{"year":"1903 AD","internalID":"351","philosopher":{"id":"3569A488-D7FE-4C58-BB4F-50AACF2A0FBA"},"id":"062156D5-EA43-4025-9DBA-96C5C425C141","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","quote":"The worker must work for the glory of his handiwork, not simply for pay; the thinker must think for truth, not for fame."},{"year":"1897 AD","internalID":"352","philosopher":{"id":"3569A488-D7FE-4C58-BB4F-50AACF2A0FBA"},"id":"DDC0F65B-2A34-4F74-9FA3-564B89B061E8","work":"The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America, 1638-1870","quote":"There is always a certain glamour about the idea of a nation rising up to crush an evil simply because it is wrong. Unfortunately, this can seldom be realized in real life; for the very existence of the evil usually argues a moral weakness in the very place where extraordinary moral strength is called for."},{"year":"1898 AD","internalID":"353","philosopher":{"id":"3569A488-D7FE-4C58-BB4F-50AACF2A0FBA"},"id":"9EE8BE15-4C1E-426A-8AF4-0471A39DAC95","work":"The Study of the Negro Problems","quote":"There is but one coward on earth, and that is the coward that dare not know."},{"year":"1984 AD","internalID":"354","philosopher":{"id":"0862B666-7295-4882-AE1C-2D84BCE4D8C8"},"id":"7A6D6557-C236-4FF2-BDFE-2C6A1219C47D","work":"Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center","quote":"There will be no mass-based feminist movement as long as feminist ideas are understood only by a well-educated few."},{"year":"1981 AD","internalID":"355","philosopher":{"id":"0862B666-7295-4882-AE1C-2D84BCE4D8C8"},"id":"8F5441ED-BFBD-4011-B95D-C52265AF5175","work":"Ain't I a Woman?","quote":"Racism has always been a divisive force separating black men and white men, and sexism has been a force that unites the two groups."},{"year":"1984 AD","internalID":"356","philosopher":{"id":"0862B666-7295-4882-AE1C-2D84BCE4D8C8"},"id":"4846B295-52D1-44A0-89F8-5EB71527895D","work":"Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center","quote":"The significance of feminist movement (when it is not co-opted by opportunistic, reactionary forces) is that it offers a new ideological meeting ground for the sexes, a space for criticism, struggle, and transformation."},{"year":"1984 AD","internalID":"357","philosopher":{"id":"0862B666-7295-4882-AE1C-2D84BCE4D8C8"},"id":"B83E26A1-CFC8-4926-A5A0-5B588ECF2D00","work":"Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center","quote":"If one assumes, as I do, that battery is caused by the belief permeating this culture that hierarchical rule and coercive authority are natural, then all our relationships tend to be based on power and domination, and thus all forms of battery are linked."},{"year":"1981 AD","internalID":"358","philosopher":{"id":"0862B666-7295-4882-AE1C-2D84BCE4D8C8"},"id":"39A576C3-5168-4D06-94FC-671225604654","work":"Ain't I a Woman?","quote":"The fear of being alone, or of being unloved, had caused women of all races to passively accept sexism and sexist oppression."},{"year":"2003 AD","internalID":"359","philosopher":{"id":"0862B666-7295-4882-AE1C-2D84BCE4D8C8"},"id":"A47A99FA-C5F6-47CF-8C51-F1028A8EBE29","work":"Rock My Soul","quote":"Popular escapist fiction enchants adult readers without challenging them to be educated for critical consciousness."},{"year":"387 AD","internalID":"36","philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"id":"43BFE67F-BA8E-4426-B708-E56D6E91BCF1","work":"On Free Choice Of The Will","quote":"An unjust law is no law at all."},{"year":"1963 AD","internalID":"360","philosopher":{"id":"70D74337-9BB7-4E5A-959B-7AA38D034313"},"id":"80D8EB2C-C38C-46F6-BFF2-92FACD761B84","work":"The Feminine Mystique","quote":"“Is this all?”"},{"year":"1963 AD","internalID":"361","philosopher":{"id":"70D74337-9BB7-4E5A-959B-7AA38D034313"},"id":"B913E1F4-48C1-4D3F-B587-D6F302B361A7","work":"The Feminine Mystique","quote":"The feminine mystique has succeeded in burying millions of American women alive."},{"year":"1963 AD","internalID":"362","philosopher":{"id":"70D74337-9BB7-4E5A-959B-7AA38D034313"},"id":"2F559D00-E814-4698-B3B5-B39D54B75979","work":"The Feminine Mystique","quote":"It is easier to live through someone else than to become complete yourself."},{"year":"1963 AD","internalID":"363","philosopher":{"id":"70D74337-9BB7-4E5A-959B-7AA38D034313"},"id":"E17DA652-9F0A-4716-8303-7DC77FFAC8AD","work":"The Feminine Mystique","quote":"A girl should not expect special privileges because of her sex but neither should she 'adjust' to prejudice and discrimination."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"364","philosopher":{"id":"7C09B8AB-C552-421C-8740-EDBE668CFFF4"},"id":"556A0F5A-B9BE-42C5-8A5E-D2E393BFDDEC","work":"Understanding Media : The Extensions of Man","quote":"The medium is the message."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"365","philosopher":{"id":"7C09B8AB-C552-421C-8740-EDBE668CFFF4"},"id":"D9F917F5-28E8-41E1-BEE3-9D757517BB45","work":"Understanding Media : The Extensions of Man","quote":"War is never anything less than accelerated technological change."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"366","philosopher":{"id":"7C09B8AB-C552-421C-8740-EDBE668CFFF4"},"id":"2D4A9079-CCD2-45F4-A677-F3A37C043432","work":"Understanding Media : The Extensions of Man","quote":"In the electric age we wear all mankind as our skin."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"367","philosopher":{"id":"7C09B8AB-C552-421C-8740-EDBE668CFFF4"},"id":"7A1B3FD6-F872-43B4-95A7-D053BE428729","work":"Understanding Media : The Extensions of Man","quote":"Art is anything you can get away with."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"368","philosopher":{"id":"7C09B8AB-C552-421C-8740-EDBE668CFFF4"},"id":"9ACECB26-BD3F-42CC-BB41-6A715487402C","work":"Understanding Media : The Extensions of Man","quote":"Electric technology is directly related to our central nervous systems, so it is ridiculous to talk of \"what the public wants\" played over its own nerves."},{"year":"1988 AD","internalID":"369","philosopher":{"id":"7C09B8AB-C552-421C-8740-EDBE668CFFF4"},"id":"AB763957-5EA4-474E-B99B-CAB072A69A76","work":"Laws of Media: The New Science","quote":"The audience, as ground, shapes and controls the work of art."},{"year":"400 AD","internalID":"37","philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"id":"DDC4753C-6FC3-4AC8-8DB0-080F69245C29","work":"The City of God","quote":"Beauty is indeed a good gift of God; but that the good may not think it a great good, God dispenses it even to the wicked."},{"year":"1973 AD","internalID":"371","philosopher":{"id":"7C09B8AB-C552-421C-8740-EDBE668CFFF4"},"id":"21132ECB-560D-40FB-AE22-CEDBEDE4ED96","work":"The Argument: Causality in the Electric World","quote":"Every innovation scraps its immediate predecessor and retrieves still older figures – it causes floods of antiques or nostalgic art forms and stimulates the search for museum pieces."},{"year":"1962 AD","internalID":"372","philosopher":{"id":"7C09B8AB-C552-421C-8740-EDBE668CFFF4"},"id":"53A95663-08ED-4709-A067-B79991A42E5D","work":"The Gutenberg Galaxy","quote":"The new electronic interdependence recreates the world in the image of a global village."},{"year":"1953 AD","internalID":"373","philosopher":{"id":"2CEA35DB-CBEA-462E-BADB-FAB360F437FA"},"id":"CC3F04DE-9249-463F-B46B-460C5F086BE7","work":"Natural Right and History","quote":"Liberal relativism has its roots in the natural right tradition of tolerance or in the notion that everyone has a natural right to the pursuit of happiness as he understands happiness; but in itself it is a seminary of intolerance."},{"year":"1952 AD","internalID":"374","philosopher":{"id":"2CEA35DB-CBEA-462E-BADB-FAB360F437FA"},"id":"06B69860-BDFE-4A0C-8037-808F5CD8CA7A","work":"Persecution and the Art of Writing","quote":"An exoteric book contains then two teachings: a popular teaching of an edifying character, which is in the foreground; and a philosophic teaching concerning the most important subject, which is indicated only between the lines."},{"year":"1953 AD","internalID":"375","philosopher":{"id":"2CEA35DB-CBEA-462E-BADB-FAB360F437FA"},"id":"2B86A184-3A03-4CB7-9687-CB647D620EDA","work":"Natural Right and History","quote":"It is of the essence of traditions that they cover or conceal their humble foundations by erecting impressive edifices on them."},{"year":"1958 AD","internalID":"376","philosopher":{"id":"2CEA35DB-CBEA-462E-BADB-FAB360F437FA"},"id":"32CF5DFB-E3A3-4EC9-B047-4818D6311C39","work":"Thoughts on Machiavelli","quote":"The problem inherent in the surface of things, and only in the surface of things, is the heart of things."},{"year":"1968 AD","internalID":"377","philosopher":{"id":"2CEA35DB-CBEA-462E-BADB-FAB360F437FA"},"id":"A78486E2-BFAE-4B3D-BD51-DDC144D1E0A5","work":"Liberalism Ancient and Modern","quote":"Democracy, in a word, is meant to be an aristocracy which has broadened into a universal aristocracy."},{"year":"1968 AD","internalID":"378","philosopher":{"id":"2CEA35DB-CBEA-462E-BADB-FAB360F437FA"},"id":"CC285EA2-CDEF-4AF9-81B1-2B648FCE8C7B","work":"Liberalism Ancient and Modern","quote":"The facile delusions which conceal from us our true situation all amount to this: that we are, or can be, wiser than the wisest men of the past. We are thus induced to play the part, not of attentive and docile listeners, but of impresarios and lion-tamers."},{"year":"1957 AD","internalID":"379","philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"id":"09856071-093D-4DEE-BA3E-64E519938806","work":"","quote":"The man who is born into existence deals first with language; this is a given. He is even caught in it before his birth."},{"year":"400 AD","internalID":"38","philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"id":"64796F0B-AB28-4A29-B0F7-3A227F9F26D8","work":"The City of God","quote":"For when God said, “Let there be light, and there was light,” if we are justified in understanding in this light the creation of the angels, then certainly they were created partakers of the eternal light which is the unchangeable Wisdom of God, by which all things were made, and whom we call the only-begotten Son of God"},{"year":"1966 AD","internalID":"380","philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"id":"0A908B16-EDD7-4FEA-ACA6-A175AD8C8A2E","work":"Ecrits","quote":"The mirror stage is a phenomenon to which I assign a twofold value. In the first place, it has historical value as it marks a decisive turning-point in the mental development of the child. In the second place, it typifies an essential libidinal relationship with the body-image."},{"year":"1966 AD","internalID":"381","philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"id":"DAD63C92-C69A-4063-A830-CDA66D51F470","work":"Ecrits","quote":"Psychoanalytic experience has rediscovered in man the imperative of the Word as the law that has shaped him in its image. It exploits the poetic function of language to give his desire its symbolic mediation. May this experience finally enable you to understand that the whole reality of its effects lies in the gift of speech; for it is through this gift that all reality has come to man and through its ongoing action that he sustains reality."},{"year":"1966 AD","internalID":"382","philosopher":{"id":"9361456C-B420-49CC-A1CB-773BB44F079A"},"id":"D8B7ED5E-B00B-466E-BA6F-231C848FBE27","work":"Ecrits","quote":"What is realized in my history is neither the past definite as what was, since it is no more, nor even the perfect as what has been in what I am, but the future anterior as what I will have been, given what I am in the process of becoming."},{"year":"2011 AD","internalID":"383","philosopher":{"id":"2C530DBE-E736-4F42-A285-3F2236174CA2"},"id":"4C05D18A-DC7C-48B7-B1C8-D0AEFC5086EF","work":"Practical Ethics","quote":"It is easy for us to criticize the prejudices of our grandfathers, from which our fathers freed themselves. It is more difficult to search for prejudices among the beliefs and values that we hold."},{"year":"2000 AD","internalID":"384","philosopher":{"id":"2C530DBE-E736-4F42-A285-3F2236174CA2"},"id":"E686B5AF-3FAC-4BAB-8B6F-4498A0A40B2C","work":"Writings on an Ethical Life","quote":"We are responsible not only for what we do but also for what we could have prevented."},{"year":"1981 AD","internalID":"385","philosopher":{"id":"2C530DBE-E736-4F42-A285-3F2236174CA2"},"id":"6974712C-D3DE-475B-973F-F8A8A5C6156B","work":"The Expanding Circle: Ethics, Evolution, and Moral Progress","quote":"Science does not stand still, and neither does philosophy, although the latter has a tendency to walk in circles."},{"year":"1975 AD","internalID":"386","philosopher":{"id":"2C530DBE-E736-4F42-A285-3F2236174CA2"},"id":"4253ACDB-32C0-49D1-8E8E-295258344F03","work":"Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for our Treatment of Animals","quote":"Animal Liberation is Human Liberation too."},{"year":"1975 AD","internalID":"387","philosopher":{"id":"2C530DBE-E736-4F42-A285-3F2236174CA2"},"id":"CB3D20D8-FDFA-4B2F-A5C8-808A6A6FE003","work":"Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for our Treatment of Animals","quote":"Speciesism—the word is not an attractive one, but I can think of no better term—is a prejudice or attitude of bias in favor of the interests of members of one's own species and against those of members of other species."},{"year":"1981 AD","internalID":"388","philosopher":{"id":"2C530DBE-E736-4F42-A285-3F2236174CA2"},"id":"A3CA7137-2226-4137-B258-AC70F09C1601","work":"The Expanding Circle: Ethics, Evolution, and Moral Progress","quote":"There can be no brotherhood when some nations indulge in previously unheard of luxuries, while others struggle to stave off famine."},{"year":"1981 AD","internalID":"389","philosopher":{"id":"2C530DBE-E736-4F42-A285-3F2236174CA2"},"id":"37FBE11C-E446-4623-B9E8-40358AF2CEB1","work":"The Expanding Circle: Ethics, Evolution, and Moral Progress","quote":"Herbert Spencer is little read now. Philosophers do not regard him as a major thinker. Social Darwinism has long been in disrepute."},{"year":"1981 AD","internalID":"390","philosopher":{"id":"2C530DBE-E736-4F42-A285-3F2236174CA2"},"id":"181CB2BE-6FAA-4073-ABA4-E1CBCF55547D","work":"The Expanding Circle: Ethics, Evolution, and Moral Progress","quote":"Ethics is inescapable."},{"year":"1992 AD","internalID":"391","philosopher":{"id":"3CC9B965-9C88-423A-BDA0-481F078FA3A1"},"id":"7F648A2F-019A-4C0D-BEB9-238C80EE490C","work":"Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media","quote":"States are violent to the extent that they're powerful, that's roughly accurate."},{"year":"1992 AD","internalID":"392","philosopher":{"id":"3CC9B965-9C88-423A-BDA0-481F078FA3A1"},"id":"FD4D8B80-64ED-4868-8F5F-2A8AA9D5CE07","work":"Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media","quote":"If you believe in freedom of speech, you believe in freedom of speech for views you don't like. Goebbels was in favor of freedom of speech for views he liked. So was Stalin. If you're in favor of freedom of speech, that means you're in favor of freedom of speech precisely for views you despise."},{"year":"1999 AD","internalID":"393","philosopher":{"id":"3CC9B965-9C88-423A-BDA0-481F078FA3A1"},"id":"308272B6-4959-4DF1-9824-BE03CB218BF1","work":"Chomsky on Miseducation","quote":"The more there is a need to talk about the ideals of democracy, the less democratic the system usually is."},{"year":"1994 AD","internalID":"394","philosopher":{"id":"3CC9B965-9C88-423A-BDA0-481F078FA3A1"},"id":"2FC7399D-59B4-4AB0-8553-EF328D202126","work":"Secrets, Lies and Democracy","quote":"Spectator sports make people more passive, because you're not doing them—you're watching somebody doing them."},{"year":"1970 AD","internalID":"395","philosopher":{"id":"3CC9B965-9C88-423A-BDA0-481F078FA3A1"},"id":"46677195-9F7A-4B78-AC49-0EF5FE0575D3","work":"International War Crimes Tribunal: Against the Crime of Silence: Proceedings","quote":"It is the fundamental duty of the citizen to resist and to restrain the violence of the state."},{"year":"1970 AD","internalID":"396","philosopher":{"id":"3CC9B965-9C88-423A-BDA0-481F078FA3A1"},"id":"C1BF886F-516A-4367-99F9-7034AD23C429","work":"Government in the Future","quote":"Roughly speaking, I think it's accurate to say that a corporate elite of managers and owners governs the economy and the political system as well, at least in very large measure."},{"year":"1992 AD","internalID":"397","philosopher":{"id":"3CC9B965-9C88-423A-BDA0-481F078FA3A1"},"id":"C8302B46-B05B-4F61-85ED-B56BB362BC46","work":"Noam Chomsky: A Life of Dissent","quote":"There is a noticeable general difference between the sciences and mathematics on the one hand, and the humanities and social sciences on the other. It's a first approximation, but one that is real. In the former, the factors of integrity tend to dominate more over the factors of ideology. It's not that scientists are more honest people. It's just that nature is a harsh taskmaster. You can lie or distort the story of the French Revolution as long as you like, and nothing will happen. Propose a false theory in chemistry, and it'll be refuted tomorrow."},{"year":"1978 AD","internalID":"398","philosopher":{"id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E"},"id":"ED4EFAC7-FADE-493C-9EA7-A964BF9C1000","work":"Illness As Metaphor","quote":"Everyone who is born holds dual citizenship, in the kingdom of the well and in the kingdom of the sick. Although we all prefer to use only the good passport, sooner or later each of us is obliged, at least for a spell, to identify ourselves as citizens of that other place."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"399","philosopher":{"id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E"},"id":"0447DE0C-65A9-4450-8AE3-12BBFF17A981","work":"Against Interpretation and Other Essays","quote":"In place of a hermeneutics we need an erotics of art."},{"year":"","internalID":"4","philosopher":{"id":"410D7B25-4F70-4346-A01A-CA556498FFFE"},"id":"14DD7C53-B341-4088-A14D-A76AB31B6C61","work":"Fragments","quote":"Though wisdom is common, yet the many live as if they had a wisdom of their own."},{"year":"400 AD","internalID":"40","philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"id":"10F4748E-2BE5-46DB-A6C6-0354766C802D","work":"The City of God","quote":"The Heavenly City outshines Rome, beyond comparison. There, instead of victory, is truth; instead of high rank, holiness; instead of peace, felicity; instead of life, eternity."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"400","philosopher":{"id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E"},"id":"714C8410-1227-44EC-B2A0-03253C390DAC","work":"Against Interpretation and Other Essays","quote":"Interpretation is the revenge of the intellect upon art."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"401","philosopher":{"id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E"},"id":"20A6EB06-8BE6-4006-A850-0BD2554BFBCF","work":"Against Interpretation and Other Essays","quote":"Real art has the capacity to make us nervous. By reducing the work of art to its content and then interpreting that, one tames the work of art. Interpretation makes art manageable, comformable."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"402","philosopher":{"id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E"},"id":"F556CBF6-C03B-441E-9B0C-55DCD79E75AB","work":"Against Interpretation and Other Essays","quote":"The discovery of the good taste of bad taste can be very liberating. The man who insists on high and serious pleasures is depriving himself of pleasure; he continually restricts what he can enjoy; in the constant exercise of his good taste he will eventually price himself out of the market, so to speak."},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"403","philosopher":{"id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E"},"id":"BA947E24-F19B-4D09-AF5B-5D64323D5B0F","work":"On Photography","quote":"Reality has come to seem more and more like what we are shown by cameras."},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"404","philosopher":{"id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E"},"id":"CEC62534-1B92-44C3-9EB6-18D3EBFE88E6","work":"On Photography","quote":"The camera makes everyone a tourist in other people's reality, and eventually in one's own."},{"year":"2004 AD","internalID":"405","philosopher":{"id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E"},"id":"AEA6A391-84DE-43FF-BFD0-D954368C272C","work":"Regarding the Torture of Others","quote":"An erotic life is, for more and more people, that which can be captured on digital photographs and on video. And perhaps the torture is more attractive, as something to record, when it has a sexual component."},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"406","philosopher":{"id":"482D1A47-AE79-4B8F-B160-EFCB131D271E"},"id":"1AEE2DF0-EC80-4FD6-A591-BAD47194FB17","work":"On Photography","quote":"So successful has been the camera's role in beautifying the world that photographs, rather than the world, have become the standard of the beautiful."},{"year":"0043 BC","internalID":"407","philosopher":{"id":"5068DB3C-3870-439A-B470-FEB4CFE4E78B"},"id":"DE128BFF-2E92-4FB9-BA18-A53B6A2C20A8","work":"On the Laws","quote":"For there is but one essential justice which cements society, and one law which establishes this justice. This law is right reason, which is the true rule of all commandments and prohibitions."},{"year":"0063 BC","internalID":"408","philosopher":{"id":"5068DB3C-3870-439A-B470-FEB4CFE4E78B"},"id":"2FE1DD73-682C-44C3-9B8E-A9A191ADC660","work":"In Catilinam I – Against Catiline","quote":"I have always been of the opinion that infamy earned by doing what is right is not infamy at all, but glory."},{"year":"0044 BC","internalID":"409","philosopher":{"id":"5068DB3C-3870-439A-B470-FEB4CFE4E78B"},"id":"02BA715F-242C-4F23-8483-80CE446B0D00","work":"On Divination","quote":"There is nothing so absurd that it has not been said by some philosopher."},{"year":"395 AD","internalID":"41","philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"id":"8D11B232-F26F-4C3D-9E51-E4C512F75A42","work":"De Libero Arbitrio","quote":"If there is something more excellent than the truth, then that is God; if not, then truth itself is God."},{"year":"0044 BC","internalID":"410","philosopher":{"id":"5068DB3C-3870-439A-B470-FEB4CFE4E78B"},"id":"08AC7E15-59DC-451A-95F9-25B92BA872C1","work":"On Divination","quote":"We do not destroy religion by destroying superstition."},{"year":"44 BC","internalID":"411","philosopher":{"id":"5068DB3C-3870-439A-B470-FEB4CFE4E78B"},"id":"2052740A-91CA-4EE8-97F7-E8D918FF1AE0","work":"On Duties","quote":"We are not born for ourselves alone; a part of us is claimed by our nation, another part by our friends."},{"year":"0044 BC","internalID":"412","philosopher":{"id":"5068DB3C-3870-439A-B470-FEB4CFE4E78B"},"id":"39CC3DC4-B952-4D52-8E7B-997B66069042","work":"On Duties","quote":"Honorable things, not secretive things, are sought by good men."},{"year":"0044 BC","internalID":"413","philosopher":{"id":"5068DB3C-3870-439A-B470-FEB4CFE4E78B"},"id":"82ADD9A8-7049-485F-96FE-DE0661014530","work":"On Duties","quote":"True glory strikes root, and even extends itself; all false pretensions fall as do flowers, nor can anything feigned be lasting."},{"year":"0045 BC","internalID":"414","philosopher":{"id":"5068DB3C-3870-439A-B470-FEB4CFE4E78B"},"id":"E7165C51-F99E-4A68-8261-BE1EAF8D1554","work":"Tusculan Disputations","quote":"How few philosophers are to be found who are such in character, so ordered in soul and in life, as reason demands; who regard their teaching not as a display of knowledge, but as the rule of life; who obey themselves, and submit to their own decrees!"},{"year":"0055 BC","internalID":"415","philosopher":{"id":"5068DB3C-3870-439A-B470-FEB4CFE4E78B"},"id":"215B03E2-697B-4731-A216-FADC4CF3D1CE","work":"On the Orator","quote":"I should prefer uneloquent good sense to loquacious folly"},{"year":"1756 AD","internalID":"416","philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"id":"28FA5591-20C4-4EBA-AD17-E5BA70EF677C","work":"A Vindication of Natural Society","quote":"The writers against religion, whilst they oppose every system, are wisely careful never to set up any of their own."},{"year":"1757 AD","internalID":"417","philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"id":"86BD475C-2385-47A2-9AEB-DCBF703E0027","work":"A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful","quote":"The first and the simplest emotion which we discover in the human mind is Curiosity."},{"year":"1757 AD","internalID":"418","philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"id":"A877C6D9-DA43-483D-AA5B-FE77AC3B624B","work":"A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful","quote":"I am convinced that we have a degree of delight, and that no small one, in the real misfortunes and pains of others."},{"year":"1770 AD","internalID":"419","philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"id":"90866B65-99F8-4372-A54D-F7CD09A52B4F","work":"Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents","quote":"When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall one by one, an unpitied sacrifice in a contemptible struggle."},{"year":"397 AD","internalID":"42","philosopher":{"id":"6B723679-7DB0-47FB-8A19-EBDD7C812DE8"},"id":"C6A542DA-D5B7-4F1C-8760-67CF28130BDC","work":"Confessions","quote":"As a youth I prayed, \"Give me chastity and continence, but not right now.\""},{"year":"1775 AD","internalID":"420","philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"id":"B4C9B807-0F6A-4A0F-A0FE-127E0260FC94","work":"Second Speech on Conciliation with America","quote":"Abstract liberty, like other mere abstractions, is not to be found."},{"year":"1790 AD","internalID":"421","philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"id":"E057F589-327A-44D9-8400-E08A1FF1A5CE","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","quote":"People will not look forward to posterity, who never look backward to their ancestors."},{"year":"1790 AD","internalID":"422","philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"id":"77BEC7F9-8A67-4B21-B40A-A8E06CD1BACD","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","quote":"But what is liberty without wisdom, and without virtue? It is the greatest of all possible evils; for it is folly, vice, and madness, without tuition or restraint."},{"year":"1790 AD","internalID":"423","philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"id":"9F3F8E33-C5A8-4751-8494-BEC53FE6DA40","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","quote":"Justice is itself the great standing policy of civil society; and any eminent departure from it, under any circumstances, lies under the suspicion of being no policy at all."},{"year":"1790 AD","internalID":"424","philosopher":{"id":"2361B39D-5581-4134-97DC-ED03F1E325D1"},"id":"228F55E0-499B-437A-88A2-58F21871748D","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","quote":"When the leaders choose to make themselves bidders at an auction of popularity, their talents, in the construction of the state, will be of no service. They will become flatterers instead of legislators; the instruments, not the guides, of the people."},{"year":"1851 AD","internalID":"425","philosopher":{"id":"23D25599-26AE-4D64-BA4F-801B054D41DB"},"id":"B92C7D1D-1B1E-4075-B5DB-9930D9D43196","work":"Ain't I a Woman?","quote":"That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman?"},{"year":"1851 AD","internalID":"426","philosopher":{"id":"23D25599-26AE-4D64-BA4F-801B054D41DB"},"id":"E7D7236B-7E3D-48FE-B31D-E9A29BAEC568","work":"Ain't I a Woman?","quote":"I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman?"},{"year":"1851 AD","internalID":"427","philosopher":{"id":"23D25599-26AE-4D64-BA4F-801B054D41DB"},"id":"DE3764B5-26D8-46AD-8453-22EB2057AF6E","work":"Ain't I a Woman?","quote":"If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, the women together ought to be able to turn back and get it right side up again! and now they is asking to do it, the men better let them."},{"year":"1851 AD","internalID":"428","philosopher":{"id":"23D25599-26AE-4D64-BA4F-801B054D41DB"},"id":"E530B26A-89F5-4266-BCC5-9C75D66BDBA6","work":"Ain't I a Woman?","quote":"That little man in black there, he says women can't have as much rights as men, 'cause Jesus Christ wasn't a woman! Where did your Christ come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him."},{"year":"1878 AD","internalID":"429","philosopher":{"id":"23D25599-26AE-4D64-BA4F-801B054D41DB"},"id":"D3127AE3-BF52-4994-AED3-7B5C93855EC7","work":"Narrative of Sojourner Truth, a Bondswoman of Olden Time","quote":"But then there came another rush of love through my soul, an' I cried out loud,- 'Lord, Lord, I can love even de white folks!"},{"year":"1270 AD","internalID":"43","philosopher":{"id":"843F1E7E-6AE7-4E3E-8FD7-780CB10BA017"},"id":"BAEB73CB-850F-4C5B-849F-FA39D7898B8B","work":"Opuscule II, De Regno","quote":"Reason in man is rather like God in the world."},{"year":"1849 AD","internalID":"430","philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"id":"255D9EF1-2581-4EB0-AD0F-7132EB6B60F1","work":"Civil Disobedience","quote":"I heartily accept the motto, \"That government is best which governs least\"; and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically. Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe — \"That government is best which governs not at all\"; and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have."},{"year":"1849 AD","internalID":"431","philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"id":"8FA1879B-A606-434F-941C-7A963818BC4E","work":"Civil Disobedience","quote":"To speak practically and as a citizen, unlike those who call themselves no-government men, I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government. Let every man make known what kind of government would command his respect, and that will be one step toward obtaining it."},{"year":"1849 AD","internalID":"432","philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"id":"AF05182A-5699-413D-A36A-2B2C6BCA05B5","work":"Civil Disobedience","quote":"How does it become a man to behave toward this American government today? I answered that he cannot without disgrace be associated with it."},{"year":"1849 AD","internalID":"433","philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"id":"7DE21FF2-508C-4652-A56E-D80CDFF14A58","work":"Civil Disobedience","quote":"Any man more right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one."},{"year":"1849 AD","internalID":"434","philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"id":"118245DC-F922-48C0-A862-CD7581C48AB7","work":"Civil Disobedience","quote":"Unjust laws exist: shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once?"},{"year":"1854 AD","internalID":"435","philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"id":"D0C4C009-FB7F-4A48-9ED2-4C24BFFF61D6","work":"Walden","quote":"The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation. What is called resignation is confirmed desperation."},{"year":"1854 AD","internalID":"436","philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"id":"36E188D7-8145-41B2-817D-B57E705F4DFA","work":"Walden","quote":"Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevation of mankind."},{"year":"1854 AD","internalID":"437","philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"id":"F991D5B1-23D3-418F-9EF6-9622A3DDFF94","work":"Walden","quote":"If I knew for a certainty that a man was coming to my house with the conscious design of doing me good, I should run for my life."},{"year":"1854 AD","internalID":"438","philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"id":"B5733351-15D5-4925-88DF-483403B68BE9","work":"Walden","quote":"Simplify, simplify."},{"year":"1859 AD","internalID":"439","philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"id":"1001A240-0F43-474D-9BD4-1A628601D7D6","work":"A Plea for Captain John Brown","quote":"When were the good and the brave ever in a majority?"},{"year":"1273 AD","internalID":"44","philosopher":{"id":"843F1E7E-6AE7-4E3E-8FD7-780CB10BA017"},"id":"B25428E6-CC94-4ADF-B1EF-DC8DEB588B5A","work":"Two Precepts of Charity","quote":"Three things are necessary for the salvation of man: to know what he ought to believe; to know what he ought to desire; and to know what he ought to do."},{"year":"1859 AD","internalID":"440","philosopher":{"id":"9F6757B1-D0C9-4FAC-9ABE-A51F8E4C1961"},"id":"A284EDF7-2EC0-438B-875C-8FF8C7E6E347","work":"A Plea for Captain John Brown","quote":"I do not wish to kill nor to be killed, but I can foresee circumstances in which both these things would be by me unavoidable."},{"year":"180 AD","internalID":"441","philosopher":{"id":"9167C1C4-D3E7-4081-B3F8-00371397B356"},"id":"CDB9561E-8EED-40B2-942A-F2CE43E5850F","work":"Meditations","quote":"He was a man who looked at what ought to be done, not to the reputation which is got by a man's acts"},{"year":"180 AD","internalID":"442","philosopher":{"id":"9167C1C4-D3E7-4081-B3F8-00371397B356"},"id":"01640E35-EDC3-4BB5-ADF8-239DDCAEA31F","work":"Meditations","quote":"There is a limit to the time assigned you, and if you don't use it to free yourself it will be gone and never return."},{"year":"180 AD","internalID":"443","philosopher":{"id":"9167C1C4-D3E7-4081-B3F8-00371397B356"},"id":"92788A73-5C39-4871-A646-CF9820CD4489","work":"Meditations","quote":"This thou must always bear in mind, what is the nature of the whole..."},{"year":"180 AD","internalID":"444","philosopher":{"id":"9167C1C4-D3E7-4081-B3F8-00371397B356"},"id":"594C594F-1007-4A67-9796-0AA4126FFB9E","work":"Meditations","quote":"Never esteem anything as of advantage to you that will make you break your word or lose your self-respect."},{"year":"180 AD","internalID":"445","philosopher":{"id":"9167C1C4-D3E7-4081-B3F8-00371397B356"},"id":"50C008F5-DCDD-4518-801C-8156FE0606AB","work":"Meditations","quote":"The universe is change; our life is what our thoughts make it."},{"year":"180 AD","internalID":"446","philosopher":{"id":"9167C1C4-D3E7-4081-B3F8-00371397B356"},"id":"D5BA16D2-46E1-4A61-B8B9-1DE5EC629627","work":"Meditations","quote":"Remember this— that there is a proper dignity and proportion to be observed in the performance of every act of life."},{"year":"180 AD","internalID":"447","philosopher":{"id":"9167C1C4-D3E7-4081-B3F8-00371397B356"},"id":"E8ADE87E-4DEF-43A8-A3FA-1AFDBF207EA1","work":"Meditations","quote":"Reverence the gods, and help men. Short is life."},{"year":"180 AD","internalID":"448","philosopher":{"id":"9167C1C4-D3E7-4081-B3F8-00371397B356"},"id":"1BF62C37-E740-452E-AA74-6CE8D850D866","work":"Meditations","quote":"Soon you will have forgotten the world, and soon the world will have forgotten you."},{"year":"180 AD","internalID":"449","philosopher":{"id":"9167C1C4-D3E7-4081-B3F8-00371397B356"},"id":"57D61D6A-DC05-47B9-B726-5DA875680F34","work":"Meditations","quote":"Waste no more time arguing what a good man should be. Be one."},{"year":"1274 AD","internalID":"45","philosopher":{"id":"843F1E7E-6AE7-4E3E-8FD7-780CB10BA017"},"id":"87828A2D-39D9-477D-8551-1DCCAC20CA18","work":"Summa Theologica","quote":"To love is to will the good of the other."},{"year":"1852 AD","internalID":"450","philosopher":{"id":"5A8FE409-3961-4472-B28D-2201CD4B9311"},"id":"3029ACF5-0C19-49D1-9625-F5F3539D57C7","work":"The Philosophy of Style","quote":"There can be little question that good composition is far less dependent upon acquaintance with its laws, than upon practice and natural aptitude. A clear head, a quick imagination, and a sensitive ear, will go far towards making all rhetorical precepts needless."},{"year":"1852 AD","internalID":"451","philosopher":{"id":"5A8FE409-3961-4472-B28D-2201CD4B9311"},"id":"594303FE-ED83-4064-A25F-C957054F2666","work":"The Development Hypothesis","quote":"Surely if a single cell may, when subjected to certain influences, become a man in the space of twenty years; there is nothing absurd in the hypothesis that under certain other influences, a cell may, in the course of millions of years, give origin to the human race."},{"year":"1851 AD","internalID":"452","philosopher":{"id":"5A8FE409-3961-4472-B28D-2201CD4B9311"},"id":"3B59C239-70A2-4CC9-96BF-1A8CF402C9E6","work":"Social Statics","quote":"Opinion is ultimately determined by the feelings, and not by the intellect."},{"year":"1852 AD","internalID":"453","philosopher":{"id":"5A8FE409-3961-4472-B28D-2201CD4B9311"},"id":"35DC905B-06BE-4EC6-8C64-E5C3170FC0B3","work":"The Philosophy of Style","quote":"We have a priori reasons for believing that in every sentence there is some one order of words more effective than any other; and that this order is the one which presents the elements of the proposition in the succession in which they may be most readily put together."},{"year":"1862 AD","internalID":"454","philosopher":{"id":"5A8FE409-3961-4472-B28D-2201CD4B9311"},"id":"3CCB64FF-A9DA-498B-ADF6-B0E1BAFE697B","work":"First Principles","quote":"We too often forget that not only is there \"a soul of goodness in things evil,\" but very generally also, a soul of truth in things erroneous."},{"year":"1864 AD","internalID":"455","philosopher":{"id":"5A8FE409-3961-4472-B28D-2201CD4B9311"},"id":"F3F31BD0-5231-4B68-BCF9-2094B3392A88","work":"Principles of Biology","quote":"It cannot but happen that those individuals whose functions are most out of equilibrium with the modified aggregate of external forces, will be those to die; and that those will survive whose functions happen to be most nearly in equilibrium with the modified aggregate of external forces. \nBut this survival of the fittest, implies multiplication of the fittest."},{"year":"1884 AD","internalID":"456","philosopher":{"id":"5A8FE409-3961-4472-B28D-2201CD4B9311"},"id":"E8368DDD-A1EF-4125-8290-8165FD1C0409","work":"The Man versus the State","quote":"All socialism involves slavery."},{"year":"1884 AD","internalID":"457","philosopher":{"id":"5A8FE409-3961-4472-B28D-2201CD4B9311"},"id":"83A87925-94EF-449B-92E1-4D668974D37A","work":"The Man versus the State","quote":"Be it or be it not true that Man is shapen in iniquity and conceived in sin, it is unquestionably true that Government is begotten of aggression, and by aggression."},{"year":"2003 AD","internalID":"458","philosopher":{"id":"FD34BB43-EDB4-42D7-A484-4E97190C6061"},"id":"A7D9465A-0A44-47A4-AC51-98FEE1E083FC","work":"Orientalism","quote":"Every single empire in its official discourse has said that it is not like all the others, that its circumstances are special, that it has a mission to enlighten, civilize, bring order and democracy, and that it uses force only as a last resort. And, sadder still, there always is a chorus of willing intellectuals to say calming words about benign or altruistic empires, as if one shouldn't trust the evidence of one's eyes watching the destruction and the misery and death brought by the latest mission civilizatrice."},{"year":"1978 AD","internalID":"459","philosopher":{"id":"FD34BB43-EDB4-42D7-A484-4E97190C6061"},"id":"6676FF90-A627-4326-B3A5-7AF559CDFC64","work":"Orientalism","quote":"Ideas, cultures, and histories cannot seriously be understood or studied without their force, or more precisely their configurations of power, also being studied."},{"year":"1274 AD","internalID":"46","philosopher":{"id":"843F1E7E-6AE7-4E3E-8FD7-780CB10BA017"},"id":"2D1C1A54-11E6-4179-8204-43EB1DD9BEC3","work":"Summa Theologica","quote":"Whatever is in motion must be put in motion by another. If that by which it is put in motion be itself put in motion, then this also must needs be put in motion by another, and that by another again. But this cannot go on to infinity, because then there would be no first mover, and, consequently, no other mover; seeing that subsequent movers move only inasmuch as they are put in motion by the first mover; as the staff moves only because it is put in motion by the hand. Therefore it is necessary to arrive at a first mover, put in motion by no other; and this everyone understands to be God."},{"year":"1978 AD","internalID":"460","philosopher":{"id":"FD34BB43-EDB4-42D7-A484-4E97190C6061"},"id":"C0EB224C-EA15-4B6E-A64F-229D10343C1D","work":"Orientalism","quote":"The Orient that appears in Orientalism, then, is a system of representations framed by a whole set of forces that brought the Orient into Western learning, Western consciousness, and later, Western empire. ... The Orient is the stage on which the whole East is confined. On this stage will appear the figures whose role it is to represent the larger whole from which they emanate. The Orient then seems to be, not an unlimited extension beyond the familiar European world, but rather a closed field, a theatrical stage affixed to Europe."},{"year":"1993 AD","internalID":"461","philosopher":{"id":"FD34BB43-EDB4-42D7-A484-4E97190C6061"},"id":"00730045-56C9-41DC-BD43-17C091467223","work":"Culture and Imperialism","quote":"Theory is taught so as to make the student believe that he or she can become a Marxist, a feminist, an Afrocentrist, or a deconstructionist with about the same effort and commitment required in choosing items from a menu."},{"year":"1983 AD","internalID":"462","philosopher":{"id":"FD34BB43-EDB4-42D7-A484-4E97190C6061"},"id":"6BDFBD66-70A2-4AB2-B883-86C6F8DF7595","work":"The World, the Text, and the Critic","quote":"The traditional university, the hegemony of determinism and positivism, the reification of ideological bourgeois “humanism,” the rigid barriers between academic specialties: it was powerful responses to all these that linked together such influential progenitors of today’s literary theorist as Saussure, Lukács, Bataille, Lévi-Strauss, Freud, Nietzsche, and Marx. Theory proposed itself as a synthesis overriding the petty fiefdoms within the world of intellectual production, and it was manifestly to be hoped as a result that all the domains of human activity could be seen, and lived, as a unity."},{"year":"1921 AD","internalID":"463","philosopher":{"id":"21EA4F15-56AC-40E0-9BA9-3CBF23D3A669"},"id":"99A9D3A9-4D40-46EF-9066-039EC1527051","work":"Capitalism as Religion","quote":"A religion may be discerned in capitalism—that is to say, capitalism serves essentially to allay the same anxieties, torments, and disturbances to which the so-called religions offered answers."},{"year":"1940 AD","internalID":"464","philosopher":{"id":"21EA4F15-56AC-40E0-9BA9-3CBF23D3A669"},"id":"E9BEA6DE-24DC-47F3-B2A4-C997CC7ED709","work":"Theses on the Philosophy of History","quote":"There is a secret agreement between past generations and the present one. Our coming was expected on earth. Like every generation that preceded us, we have been endowed with a weak Messianic power, a power to which the past has a claim. That claim cannot be settled cheaply."},{"year":"1940 AD","internalID":"465","philosopher":{"id":"21EA4F15-56AC-40E0-9BA9-3CBF23D3A669"},"id":"FF484981-D4BC-4723-9D77-B97C8CFBAE32","work":"Theses on the Philosophy of History","quote":"The tradition of the oppressed teaches us that the \"state of emergency\" in which we live is not the exception but the rule."},{"year":"1940 AD","internalID":"466","philosopher":{"id":"21EA4F15-56AC-40E0-9BA9-3CBF23D3A669"},"id":"2C10B347-209F-4296-8984-74395AE8E127","work":"Arcades Project","quote":"Only a thoughtless observer can deny that correspondences come into play between the world of modern technology and the archaic symbol-world of mythology."},{"year":"1936 AD","internalID":"467","philosopher":{"id":"21EA4F15-56AC-40E0-9BA9-3CBF23D3A669"},"id":"25AEA3BE-0B6B-47DF-98B2-6EF8B7FC86DB","work":"The Storyteller","quote":"The art of storytelling is reaching its end because the epic side of truth, wisdom, is dying out."},{"year":"1928 AD","internalID":"468","philosopher":{"id":"21EA4F15-56AC-40E0-9BA9-3CBF23D3A669"},"id":"DEB122FE-0D7B-423E-AED8-164B4FC44FBE","work":"One Way Street","quote":"A curious paradox: people have only the narrowest private interest in mind when they act, yet they are at the same time more than ever determined in their behavior by the instincts of the mass. ... The diversity of individual goals is immaterial in face of the identity of the determining forces."},{"year":"1917 AD","internalID":"469","philosopher":{"id":"96DB522E-2DB7-4F43-8D44-ABD78ECDF1E2"},"id":"536DBFA7-723D-4B0F-AB7B-D188179F0BDC","work":"Science as a Vocation","quote":"The fate of our times is characterized by rationalization and intellectualization and, above all, by the disenchantment of the world."},{"year":"1274 AD","internalID":"47","philosopher":{"id":"843F1E7E-6AE7-4E3E-8FD7-780CB10BA017"},"id":"A61ED5DC-BAFA-49D2-902C-2FCDBE8FE411","work":"Summa Theologica","quote":"The image of God always abides in the soul, whether this image be obsolete and clouded over as to amount to almost nothing; or whether it be obscured or disfigured, as is the case with sinners; or whether it be clear and beautiful as is the case with the just."},{"year":"1917 AD","internalID":"470","philosopher":{"id":"96DB522E-2DB7-4F43-8D44-ABD78ECDF1E2"},"id":"E5E0F2F9-7628-4413-9912-1DAE0F1BF9BA","work":"Science as a Vocation","quote":"After Nietzsche’s devastating criticism of those “last men” who “invented happiness,” there is probably no need for me to remind you of the naïve optimism with which we once celebrated science, or the technology for the mastery of life based on it, as the path to happiness."},{"year":"1920 AD","internalID":"471","philosopher":{"id":"96DB522E-2DB7-4F43-8D44-ABD78ECDF1E2"},"id":"101DB631-60E9-47D1-9FA2-8719D23AA32A","work":"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism","quote":"\"Rationalism\" is a historical concept that contains within itself a world of contradictions."},{"year":"","internalID":"472","philosopher":{"id":"96DB522E-2DB7-4F43-8D44-ABD78ECDF1E2"},"id":"2546C41B-F5AC-49EB-843D-DC20B1A29DE8","work":"Essays in Sociology","quote":"In a democracy the people choose a leader in whom they trust. Then the chosen leader says, 'Now shut up and obey me.' People and party are then no longer free to interfere in his business."},{"year":"","internalID":"473","philosopher":{"id":"96DB522E-2DB7-4F43-8D44-ABD78ECDF1E2"},"id":"BB74133D-8C6E-457D-9B96-C5420F38A535","work":"Sociology of Religion","quote":"The more a religion is aware of its opposition in principle to economic rationalization as such, the more apt are the religion’s virtuosi to reject the world, especially its economic activities."},{"year":"","internalID":"474","philosopher":{"id":"96DB522E-2DB7-4F43-8D44-ABD78ECDF1E2"},"id":"05B468D8-4945-410A-AC81-95B9D5893341","work":"Essays in Sociology","quote":"The capacity for the accomplishment of religious virtuosos — the “intellectual sacrifice”— is the decisive characteristic of the positively religious man. That this is so is shown by the fact that in spite of (or rather in consequence) of theology (which unveils it) the tension between the value-spheres of “science” and the sphere of “the holy” is unbridgeable."},{"year":"","internalID":"475","philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"id":"1C1C97BC-E86B-4959-BB43-8CB40C3E7569","work":"Sovereign Maxims","quote":"No pleasure is in itself evil, but the things which produce certain pleasures entail annoyances many times greater than the pleasures themselves."},{"year":"","internalID":"476","philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"id":"48478CC9-E366-4159-96FB-FC3CA309DE7B","work":"Sovereign Maxims","quote":"It is impossible to live a pleasant life without living wisely and honorably and justly, and it is impossible to live wisely and honorably and justly without living pleasantly."},{"year":"","internalID":"477","philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"id":"5B4B099D-4AF1-4D88-B8DE-11AA20579C32","work":"Sovereign Maxims","quote":"Where without any change in circumstances the things held to be just by law are seen not to correspond with the concept of justice in actual practice, such laws are not really just"},{"year":"","internalID":"478","philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"id":"A9AA6996-6577-4FAC-9E54-F11A0EA72375","work":"","quote":"Self-sufficiency is the greatest of all wealth."},{"year":"","internalID":"479","philosopher":{"id":"590E6793-C4CA-4BDE-B8DD-E828951339B3"},"id":"5DDD59FA-29BB-49F0-B72F-AEB836E87268","work":"Sovereign Maxims","quote":"Of all the means which wisdom acquires to ensure happiness throughout the whole of life, by far the most important is friendship."},{"year":"1513 AD","internalID":"48","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"id":"BCEC4183-6612-4BF8-9EB9-11110C9B7FAC","work":"The Prince","quote":"Since love and fear can hardly exist together, if we must choose between them, it is far safer to be feared than loved."},{"year":"1988 AD","internalID":"480","philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"id":"FD1F0925-5AE8-4789-BAEF-BFAE30B58F52","work":"Simulacra and Simulation","quote":"Simulation is no longer that of a territory, a referential being or substance. It is a generation by models of a real without origin or reality: a hyperreal."},{"year":"1988 AD","internalID":"481","philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"id":"5DD43DDD-30E7-4BC7-80B2-AB6BC9743931","work":"Simulacra and Simulation","quote":"When the real is no longer what it was, nostalgia assumes its full meaning."},{"year":"1987 AD","internalID":"482","philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"id":"9BCCF817-A33E-4D56-B35B-4A928DDBD655","work":"The Ecstasy of Communication","quote":"The need to speak, even if one has nothing to say, becomes more pressing when one has nothing to say, just as the will to live becomes more urgent when life has lost its meaning."},{"year":"1987 AD","internalID":"483","philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"id":"246C0999-5A2C-4FB5-A15C-FBB5F4977670","work":"Cool Memories","quote":"Boredom is like a pitiless zooming in on the epidermis of time. Every instant is dilated and magnified like the pores of the face."},{"year":"1987 AD","internalID":"484","philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"id":"7825D788-DB08-47F7-9637-03824251C821","work":"The Ecstasy of Communication","quote":"The discourse of truth is quite simply impossible. It eludes itself. Everything eludes itself, everything scoffs at its own truth, seduction renders everything elusive. The fury to unveil the truth, to get at the naked truth, the one which haunts all discourses of interpretation, the obscene rage to uncover the secret, is proportionate to the impossibility of ever achieving this. …But this rage, this fury, only bears witness to the eternity of seduction and to the impossibility of mastering it."},{"year":"1992 AD","internalID":"485","philosopher":{"id":"78438BE8-DAE1-455A-81C1-2925921AE831"},"id":"2494E8F1-CD8A-47AD-8D56-35F5AF588CF8","work":"The Illusion of the End","quote":"The end of history is, alas, also the end of the dustbins of history. There are no longer any dustbins for disposing of old ideologies, old regimes, old values. Where are we going to throw Marxism, which actually invented the dustbins of history? (Yet there is some justice here since the very people who invented them have fallen in.) Conclusion: if there are no more dustbins of history, this is because History itself has become a dustbin. It has become its own dustbin, just as the planet itself is becoming its own dustbin."},{"year":"1983 AD","internalID":"486","philosopher":{"id":"E54F0371-327C-49FB-8EAA-53CEB7E4190A"},"id":"86BB21CC-83A1-4DF4-AFBE-8020802A6DA4","work":"Women, Race and Class","quote":"“Woman” was the test, but not every woman seemed to qualify. Black women, of course, were virtually invisible within the protracted campaign for woman suffrage. As for white working-class women, the suffrage leaders were probably impressed at first by the organizing efforts and militancy of their working-class sisters. But as it turned out, the working women themselves did not enthusiastically embrace the cause of woman suffrage."},{"year":"2003 AD","internalID":"487","philosopher":{"id":"E54F0371-327C-49FB-8EAA-53CEB7E4190A"},"id":"A3B36DCF-F328-4FA3-9377-85544C4CEEE4","work":"Are Prisons Obsolete?","quote":"The prison therefore functions ideologically as an abstract site into which undesirables are deposited, relieving us of the responsibility of thinking about the real issues afflicting those communities from which prisoners are drawn in such disproportionate numbers. This is the ideological work that the prison performs—it relieves us of the responsibility of seriously engaging with the problems of our society, especially those produced by racism and, increasingly, global capitalism."},{"year":"1983 AD","internalID":"488","philosopher":{"id":"E54F0371-327C-49FB-8EAA-53CEB7E4190A"},"id":"08509B95-CD0B-4A01-83B6-140DC83B2DFE","work":"Women, Race and Class","quote":"As a rule, white abolitionists either defended the industrial capitalists or expressed no conscious class loyalty at all. This unquestioning acceptance of the capitalist economic system was evident in the program of the women’s rights movement as well. If most abolitionists viewed slavery as a nasty blemish which needed to be eliminated, most women’s righters viewed male supremacy in a similar manner—as an immoral flaw in their otherwise acceptable society."},{"year":"2013 AD","internalID":"489","philosopher":{"id":"E54F0371-327C-49FB-8EAA-53CEB7E4190A"},"id":"8E82B1D2-F296-4566-9954-081250481364","work":"Freedom is a Constant Struggle: Closures and Continuities","quote":"There is this freedom movement and then there is an attempt to narrow the freedom movement so that it fits into a much smaller frame, the frame of civil rights. Not that civil rights is not immensely important, but freedom is more expansive that civil rights. And as that movement grew and developed it was inspired by and in turn inspired liberation struggles in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Australia."},{"year":"1513 AD","internalID":"49","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"id":"CAB35AE3-C590-4224-B2D5-1BDE62486613","work":"The Prince","quote":"The Romans never allowed a trouble spot to remain simply to avoid going to war over it, because they knew that wars don't just go away, they are only postponed to someone else's advantage."},{"year":"2013 AD","internalID":"490","philosopher":{"id":"E54F0371-327C-49FB-8EAA-53CEB7E4190A"},"id":"200587DF-04F3-4AD4-BA02-E83A391E0088","work":"Freedom is a Constant Struggle: Closures and Continuities","quote":"You know terrorism which is represented as external, as outside, is very much a domestic phenomenon. Terrorism very much shaped the history of the United States of America."},{"year":"1595 AD","internalID":"491","philosopher":{"id":"C3897DE8-3A6B-456E-9CEE-387FC96C738C"},"id":"AC1314D5-F1EF-4848-86B4-EBCC5EBA17A3","work":"Essais","quote":"I want to be seen here in my simple, natural, ordinary fashion, without straining or artifice; for it is myself that I portray...I am myself the matter of my book."},{"year":"1595 AD","internalID":"492","philosopher":{"id":"C3897DE8-3A6B-456E-9CEE-387FC96C738C"},"id":"C427748E-7A2D-42AB-B4E5-85E0D02B1F0F","work":"Essais","quote":"Wherever your life ends, it is all there. The advantage of living is not measured by length, but by use; some men have lived long, and lived little; attend to it while you are in it. It lies in your will, not in the number of years, for you to have lived enough."},{"year":"1595 AD","internalID":"493","philosopher":{"id":"C3897DE8-3A6B-456E-9CEE-387FC96C738C"},"id":"711932FE-72F3-4CDB-B930-74CF70A20BFE","work":"Essais","quote":"Que sais-je? (What know I?)"},{"year":"1595 AD","internalID":"494","philosopher":{"id":"C3897DE8-3A6B-456E-9CEE-387FC96C738C"},"id":"EB5F8E13-D27C-41BC-8E98-1C31A7EA20A1","work":"Essais","quote":"We are brought to a belief of God either by reason or by force. Atheism being a proposition as unnatural as monstrous, difficult also and hard to establish in the human understanding, how arrogant soever, there are men enough seen, out of vanity and pride, to be the authors of extraordinary and reforming opinions, and outwardly to affect the profession of them; who, if they are such fools, have, nevertheless, not the power to plant them in their own conscience."},{"year":"1595 AD","internalID":"495","philosopher":{"id":"C3897DE8-3A6B-456E-9CEE-387FC96C738C"},"id":"9AD3D3DF-EAD7-4489-8201-D1D1169A996E","work":"Essais","quote":"There is no man so good that if he placed all his actions and thoughts under the scrutiny of the laws, he would not deserve hanging ten times in his life."},{"year":"1595 AD","internalID":"496","philosopher":{"id":"C3897DE8-3A6B-456E-9CEE-387FC96C738C"},"id":"9EB49BA2-0356-4D69-981E-5D58940B6CC9","work":"Essais","quote":"It is more of a job to interpret the interpretations than to interpret the things, and there are more books about books than about any other subject: we do nothing but write glosses about each other."},{"year":"1992 AD","internalID":"497","philosopher":{"id":"18E45730-7891-48FD-A3EA-1447CBD25273"},"id":"F657B482-A8C2-450F-9259-AB9748C7192B","work":"The End of History and the Last Man","quote":"That is, the end point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government."},{"year":"2006 AD","internalID":"498","philosopher":{"id":"18E45730-7891-48FD-A3EA-1447CBD25273"},"id":"1904B971-A389-4484-99BC-B1A68E50E50D","work":"After Neoconservatism","quote":"Neoconservatives believed that history can be pushed along with the right application of power and will."},{"year":"1992 AD","internalID":"499","philosopher":{"id":"18E45730-7891-48FD-A3EA-1447CBD25273"},"id":"7B338E0B-E461-42AC-9B0B-AECFF6CD9B14","work":"The End of History and the Last Man","quote":"The notion that mankind has progressed through a series of primitive stages of consciousness on his path to the present, and that these stages corresponded to concrete forms of social organization, such as tribal, slave-owning, theocratic, and finally democratic-egalitarian societies, has become inseparable from the modern understanding of man."},{"year":"","internalID":"5","philosopher":{"id":"410D7B25-4F70-4346-A01A-CA556498FFFE"},"id":"8F305FC7-9668-4805-94BA-999DC3A79D93","work":"Fragments","quote":"All entities come to be in accordance with this Logos."},{"year":"1513 AD","internalID":"50","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"id":"84C6E797-CC15-4E2D-B0A4-324D89AA8E04","work":"The Prince","quote":"A prince ought to have no other aim or thought, nor select anything else for his study, than war and its rules and discipline; for this is the sole art that belongs to him who rules, and it is of such force that it not only upholds those who are born princes, but it often enables men to rise from a private station to that rank."},{"year":"1892 AD","internalID":"500","philosopher":{"id":"D070CF3D-759D-47D0-8A7B-8B1637C89F78"},"id":"3EA48794-3D75-4490-ABA6-5BCC8EFA911F","work":"A Voice from the South","quote":"One muffled strain in the Silent South, a jarring chord and a vague and uncomprehended cadenza has been and still is the Negro. And of that muffled chord, the one mute and voiceless note has been the sadly expectant Black Woman..."},{"year":"1892 AD","internalID":"501","philosopher":{"id":"D070CF3D-759D-47D0-8A7B-8B1637C89F78"},"id":"1FCDBE8D-1C18-4C63-B1BE-6E4391FCEBAD","work":"A Voice from the South","quote":"Then, too, the South represented blood-- not red blood, but blue blood. The difference is in the length of the stream and your distance from its source. If your own father was a pirate, a, robber, a murderer, his hands are dyed in red blood, and you don't say very much about it. But if your great great great grandfather's grandfather stole and pillaged and slew, and you can prove it, your blood has become blue and you are at great pains to establish the relationship."},{"year":"1892 AD","internalID":"502","philosopher":{"id":"D070CF3D-759D-47D0-8A7B-8B1637C89F78"},"id":"8159E6CA-4CDD-413F-9FCD-3BDF244FF286","work":"A Voice from the South","quote":"To-day America counts her millionaires by the thousand; questions of tariff and questions of currency are the most vital ones agitating the public mind. In this period, when material prosperity and well earned ease and luxury are assured facts from a national standpoint, woman's work and woman's influence are needed as never before; needed to bring a heart power into this money getting, dollar-worshipping civilization; needed to bring a moral force into the utilitarian motives and interests of the time; needed to stand for God and Home and Native Land versus gain and greed and grasping selfishness."},{"year":"1892 AD","internalID":"503","philosopher":{"id":"D070CF3D-759D-47D0-8A7B-8B1637C89F78"},"id":"4C502AAB-2A27-4D66-9F40-D88F02A8087F","work":"A Voice from the South","quote":"There are two kinds of peace in this world. The one produced by suppression, which is the passivity of death; the other brought about by a proper adjustment of living, acting forces. A nation or an individual may be at peace because all opponents have been killed or crushed; or, nation as well as individual may have found the secret of true harmony in the determination to live and let live."},{"year":"1962 AD","internalID":"504","philosopher":{"id":"E503AC1C-CDCC-424B-A18F-5EDC57A41979"},"id":"B1D5E789-8317-45D8-956D-77FC43F07424","work":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","quote":"\"Normal science\" means research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular scientific community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice"},{"year":"1962 AD","internalID":"505","philosopher":{"id":"E503AC1C-CDCC-424B-A18F-5EDC57A41979"},"id":"10FCCD54-7F26-485A-AE98-AA69D61C8290","work":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","quote":"In science, as in the playing card experiment, novelty emerges only with difficulty, manifested by resistance, against a background provided by expectation."},{"year":"1962 AD","internalID":"506","philosopher":{"id":"E503AC1C-CDCC-424B-A18F-5EDC57A41979"},"id":"2FAA0CF1-A304-41D0-AD32-B12709A22189","work":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","quote":"Scientific revolutions are inaugurated by a growing sense... that an existing paradigm has ceased to function adequately in the exploration of an aspect of nature to which that paradigm itself had previously led the way."},{"year":"1962 AD","internalID":"507","philosopher":{"id":"E503AC1C-CDCC-424B-A18F-5EDC57A41979"},"id":"B0B07021-71E2-468C-883A-806413524728","work":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","quote":"We may, to be more precise, have to relinquish the notion, explicit or implicit, that changes of paradigm carry scientists and those who learn from them closer and closer to the truth"},{"year":"","internalID":"508","philosopher":{"id":"9AB7B738-3926-4290-BA69-70D0A2F5EEC2"},"id":"4FE6847F-48CA-471E-ABAD-9EAEB090E624","work":"Epistolae","quote":"Now the kind of philosophy under which we proceed in the whole and in the part is moral philosophy or ethics; because the whole was undertaken not for speculation but for practice."},{"year":"1321 AD","internalID":"509","philosopher":{"id":"9AB7B738-3926-4290-BA69-70D0A2F5EEC2"},"id":"FC45C4FA-CEEB-4216-8AEE-D489327EFADB","work":"Paradiso","quote":"The greatest gift which God in His bounty bestowed in creating, and the most conformed to His own goodness and that which He most prizes, was the freedom of the will, with which the creatures that have intelligence, they all and they alone, were and are endowed."},{"year":"1792 AD","internalID":"509","philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"id":"751EC68E-3D95-424C-A9E6-394A6639D787","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","quote":"Independence I have long considered as the grand blessing of life, the basis of every virtue; and independence I will ever secure by contracting my wants, though I were to live on a barren heath."},{"year":"1513 AD","internalID":"51","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"id":"C48F8E4F-5D67-42F4-9D59-6F378CFFED79","work":"The Prince","quote":"A prudent man should always follow in the path trodden by great men and imitate those who are most excellent."},{"year":"1321 AD","internalID":"510","philosopher":{"id":"9AB7B738-3926-4290-BA69-70D0A2F5EEC2"},"id":"6C1C4B4E-E006-4A7E-95A2-B6A3FB38BC78","work":"Inferno","quote":"Consider your origin;\nyou were not born to live like brutes,\nbut to follow virtue and knowledge."},{"year":"1792 AD","internalID":"510","philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"id":"B295D6BF-5113-4DCA-B9A7-06CC923641BF","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","quote":"Till women are more rationally educated, the progress in human virtue and improvement in knowledge must receive continual checks."},{"year":"1794 AD","internalID":"511","philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"id":"315122AF-FA8D-4B5E-9824-D31948FA7CFB","work":"The French Revolution","quote":"The endeavor to keep alive any hoary establishment beyond its natural date is often pernicious and always useless."},{"year":"1321 AD","internalID":"511","philosopher":{"id":"9AB7B738-3926-4290-BA69-70D0A2F5EEC2"},"id":"4BDC2038-4418-454B-AA36-489C543B8683","work":"Paradiso","quote":"I saw within Its depth how It conceives\nall things in a single volume bound by Love,\nof which the universe is the scattered leaves."},{"year":"1792 AD","internalID":"512","philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"id":"42972AEA-D72E-4116-B200-C48FC0319C6E","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","quote":"It is justice, not charity, that is wanting in the world."},{"year":"1796 AD","internalID":"513","philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"id":"AA0D0745-D50B-4694-908A-AD7AD28B0E6D","work":"Letters Written in Sweden","quote":"We reason deeply, when we forcibly feel."},{"year":"1794 AD","internalID":"514","philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"id":"3E01114A-8AA0-4351-8C5B-B6C7283EDF7C","work":"The French Revolution","quote":"Every political good carried to the extreme must be productive of evil."},{"year":"1790 AD","internalID":"515","philosopher":{"id":"CCC2816D-0CB9-44F4-98C9-CAE66F2EACD3"},"id":"23E0F281-30B4-4AD0-AAB5-257C041103A0","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Men","quote":"No man chooses evil because it is evil; he only mistakes it for happiness, the good he seeks."},{"year":"","internalID":"516","philosopher":{"id":"3172E773-E550-47A1-AB2A-2FE312A5B2C0"},"id":"C7925109-7361-4611-94BF-C6A50FEA50C7","work":"Summa Totius Logicae","quote":"It is pointless to do with more what can be done with fewer."},{"year":"1323 AD","internalID":"517","philosopher":{"id":"3172E773-E550-47A1-AB2A-2FE312A5B2C0"},"id":"7671675B-FA65-4D08-B2B4-BD8EBE499422","work":"Summa Logicae","quote":"Logic is the most useful tool of all the arts. Without it no science can be fully known."},{"year":"","internalID":"518","philosopher":{"id":"3172E773-E550-47A1-AB2A-2FE312A5B2C0"},"id":"AD0A4ECE-4029-4CA3-8326-2DC50CA14156","work":"Quaestiones et decisiones in quattuor libros Sententiarum Petri Lombardi","quote":"Plurality is never to be posited without necessity."},{"year":"1675 AD","internalID":"519","philosopher":{"id":"01CBC5D4-55DE-4579-8DBB-D3B8762E545C"},"id":"AC0C4454-739B-4DB0-A6D5-728304FB1E31","work":"The Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy","quote":"I say, life and figure are distinct attributes of one substance, and as one and the same body may be transmuted into all kinds of figures; and as the perfecter figure comprehends that which is more imperfect; so one and the same body may be transmuted from one degree of life to another more perfect, which always comprehends in it the inferior."},{"year":"1517 AD","internalID":"52","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"id":"94FBDA6C-9654-4F6D-AE13-0CF9823B5A24","work":"Discourses on Livy","quote":"Anyone who studies present and ancient affairs will easily see how in all cities and all peoples there still exist, and have always existed, the same desires and passions."},{"year":"1675 AD","internalID":"520","philosopher":{"id":"01CBC5D4-55DE-4579-8DBB-D3B8762E545C"},"id":"EAFE8EC9-1695-4487-A555-B3D4C6CC2501","work":"The Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy","quote":"...the creature is always capable of a farther and perfecter degree of life, ad infinitum, and yet can never attain to be equal with God; for he is still infinitely more perfect than a creature, in its highest elevation or perfection..."},{"year":"","internalID":"521","philosopher":{"id":"28FC9356-FD10-49E5-A10B-F3B3D06B6A3B"},"id":"28C63809-BE64-4FA9-8751-1DAA5DAE1400","work":"Quoted by Stobaeus","quote":"The noblest people are those despising wealth, learning, pleasure and life; esteeming above them poverty, ignorance, hardship and death."},{"year":"","internalID":"522","philosopher":{"id":"28FC9356-FD10-49E5-A10B-F3B3D06B6A3B"},"id":"1F7AC255-1B53-4DC1-ABCD-95C4B88E7AF5","work":"Quoted by Plutarch","quote":"Aristotle dines when it seems good to King Philip, but Diogenes when he himself pleases."},{"year":"","internalID":"523","philosopher":{"id":"28FC9356-FD10-49E5-A10B-F3B3D06B6A3B"},"id":"C5771C2E-D710-4E24-92BA-A727B780564D","work":"Quoted by Stobaeus","quote":"It is not that I am mad, it is only that my head is different from yours."},{"year":"","internalID":"524","philosopher":{"id":"28FC9356-FD10-49E5-A10B-F3B3D06B6A3B"},"id":"BF010A40-C8AB-4BB0-B54A-447545A5F2C6","work":"Quoted by Plutarch","quote":"If you are to be kept right, you must possess either good friends or red-hot enemies. The one will warn you, the other will expose you."},{"year":"","internalID":"525","philosopher":{"id":"28FC9356-FD10-49E5-A10B-F3B3D06B6A3B"},"id":"42A5E7F7-1278-4A30-BE4A-4B6EBE19B410","work":"Quoted by Stobaeus","quote":"Self-taught poverty is a help toward philosophy, for the things which philosophy attempts to teach by reasoning, poverty forces us to practice."},{"year":"1848 AD","internalID":"526","philosopher":{"id":"389472AB-3BF9-4E5E-BB9E-A5B858BFD20D"},"id":"662C46A3-EF57-4797-A426-B3753377D70C","work":"A General View of Positivism","quote":"The object of all true Philosophy is to frame a system which shall comprehend human life under every aspect, social as well as individual. It embraces, therefore, the three kinds of phenomena of which our life consists, Thoughts, Feelings, and Actions."},{"year":"1852 AD","internalID":"527","philosopher":{"id":"389472AB-3BF9-4E5E-BB9E-A5B858BFD20D"},"id":"AAD0CE6B-E982-4366-B576-41BF3706FE64","work":"Le Catéchisme positiviste","quote":"The dead govern the living."},{"year":"1848 AD","internalID":"528","philosopher":{"id":"389472AB-3BF9-4E5E-BB9E-A5B858BFD20D"},"id":"294518AE-C8C2-4BFA-A557-E07638D4230F","work":"A General View of Positivism","quote":"Reorganisation, irrespectively of God or king, by the worship of Humanity, systematically adopted. Man’s only right is to do his duty. The Intellect should always be the servant of the Heart, and should never be its slave."},{"year":"1848 AD","internalID":"529","philosopher":{"id":"389472AB-3BF9-4E5E-BB9E-A5B858BFD20D"},"id":"E3532BB8-674A-442E-A251-1B7A3CC13D3B","work":"A General View of Positivism","quote":"It lays down, as is generally known, that our speculations upon all subjects whatsoever, pass necessarily through three successive stages: a Theological stage, in which free play is given to spontaneous fictions admitting of no proof; the Metaphysical stage, characterized by the prevalence of personified abstractions or entities; lastly, the Positive stage, based upon an exact view of the real facts of the case."},{"year":"1517 AD","internalID":"53","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"id":"1166475A-A656-4DAC-80F6-ECAE440411E6","work":"Discourses on Livy","quote":"It is not titles that make men illustrious, but men who make titles illustrious."},{"year":"1852 AD","internalID":"530","philosopher":{"id":"389472AB-3BF9-4E5E-BB9E-A5B858BFD20D"},"id":"6FA9D065-90AF-43C2-8901-5BC99698DEEE","work":"System of Positive Polity","quote":"Language forms a kind of wealth, which all can make use of at once without causing any diminution of the store, and which thus admits a complete community of enjoyment; for all, freely participating in the general treasure, unconsciously aid in its preservation."},{"year":"1595 AD","internalID":"531","philosopher":{"id":"4E6E7356-E6E7-4F0A-BA66-5502F858E1CF"},"id":"36ACDFD6-936C-4383-AD96-8D6DCCA42D6C","work":"Essex's Device","quote":"The monuments of wit survive the monuments of power."},{"year":"1603 AD","internalID":"532","philosopher":{"id":"4E6E7356-E6E7-4F0A-BA66-5502F858E1CF"},"id":"BAF60655-8E94-4140-94A4-979C37032A44","work":"Valerius Terminus: Of the Interpretation of Nature","quote":"Knowledge, that tendeth but to satisfaction, is but as a courtesan, which is for pleasure, and not for fruit or generation."},{"year":"1623 AD","internalID":"533","philosopher":{"id":"4E6E7356-E6E7-4F0A-BA66-5502F858E1CF"},"id":"EC68A33F-4BDD-477C-A4A1-A3962A8037D8","work":"De Augmentis Scientiarum","quote":"Riches are a good handmaid, but the worst mistress."},{"year":"1626 AD","internalID":"534","philosopher":{"id":"4E6E7356-E6E7-4F0A-BA66-5502F858E1CF"},"id":"633A5DA4-9F12-477A-BF3C-4F0158F43081","work":"Sylva Sylvarum","quote":"It is true that may hold in these things, which is the general root of superstition; namely, that men observe when things hit, and not when they miss; and commit to memory the one, and forget and pass over the other."},{"year":"1605 AD","internalID":"535","philosopher":{"id":"4E6E7356-E6E7-4F0A-BA66-5502F858E1CF"},"id":"DB7BC49C-097C-4DAC-A52F-B2244B100A23","work":"The Advancement of Learning","quote":"If a man will begin with certainties, he shall end in doubts; but if he will be content to begin with doubts he shall end in certainties."},{"year":"1605 AD","internalID":"536","philosopher":{"id":"4E6E7356-E6E7-4F0A-BA66-5502F858E1CF"},"id":"13395A5E-E531-43FA-9030-15BAC2FA4421","work":"The Advancement of Learning","quote":"We are much beholden to Machiavel and others, that write what men do, and not what they ought to do."},{"year":"1620 AD","internalID":"537","philosopher":{"id":"4E6E7356-E6E7-4F0A-BA66-5502F858E1CF"},"id":"C37E78DD-1F3F-48D2-9200-D121782BA895","work":"Novum Organum","quote":"There are four classes of Idols which beset men's minds. To these for distinction's sake I have assigned names — calling the first class, Idols of the Tribe; the second, Idols of the Cave; the third, Idols of the Market-Place; the fourth, Idols of the Theater."},{"year":"1625 AD","internalID":"538","philosopher":{"id":"4E6E7356-E6E7-4F0A-BA66-5502F858E1CF"},"id":"3C57CB0C-4062-4046-8505-11BABC3B3497","work":"Essays","quote":"Nothing doth more hurt in a state than that cunning men pass for wise."},{"year":"1987 AD","internalID":"539","philosopher":{"id":"A0060293-AADA-4C38-A85B-7080664BB0DC"},"id":"CB5905B7-48AD-4118-8FE0-D463BC2F76A5","work":"Sexes et Parentés","quote":"Thought excludes the heart that moves it. That which makes thought live is spoiled, set outside of it. But it does not know this."},{"year":"1517 AD","internalID":"54","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"id":"1B826732-D78D-4743-892B-7A7FC8AC391E","work":"Discourses on Livy","quote":"It is truly a marvelous thing to consider to what greatness Athens arrived in the space of one hundred years after she freed herself from the tyranny of Pisistratus; but, above all, it is even more marvelous to consider the greatness Rome reached when she freed herself from her kings. The reason is easy to understand, for it is the common good and not private gain that makes cities great."},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"540","philosopher":{"id":"A0060293-AADA-4C38-A85B-7080664BB0DC"},"id":"381C89EA-1D3D-417F-BEEB-B78463B953B2","work":"This Sex Which is Not One","quote":"As commodities, women are thus two things at once: utilitarian objects and bearers of value."},{"year":"1968 AD","internalID":"541","philosopher":{"id":"CB9D4E17-71FE-46FD-B08C-C090398FDA95"},"id":"EE8939C6-1409-4395-864D-F76B711B7BE2","work":"Philosophy as a Revolutionary Weapon","quote":"The sciences we are familiar with have been installed in a number of great 'continents'. Before Marx, two such continents had been opened up to scientific knowledge: the continent of Mathematics and the continent of Physics. The first by the Greeks (Thales), the second by Galileo. Marx opened up a third continent to scientific knowledge: the continent of History."},{"year":"1968 AD","internalID":"542","philosopher":{"id":"CB9D4E17-71FE-46FD-B08C-C090398FDA95"},"id":"E942FDA8-932D-4FB7-AD9B-2AABAD1BCDE1","work":"Philosophy as a Revolutionary Weapon","quote":"The number-one philosophical battle therefore takes place on the frontier between the scientific and the ideological. There the idealist philosophies which exploit the sciences struggle against the materialist philosophies which serve the sciences."},{"year":"1968 AD","internalID":"543","philosopher":{"id":"CB9D4E17-71FE-46FD-B08C-C090398FDA95"},"id":"55A7FE3A-E66C-45FF-ABFA-CDC9B2734A77","work":"Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses","quote":"While speaking in ideology, and from within ideology we have to outline a discourse which tries to break with ideology, in order to dare to be the beginning of a scientific (i.e. subject-less) discourse on ideology."},{"year":"1968 AD","internalID":"544","philosopher":{"id":"CB9D4E17-71FE-46FD-B08C-C090398FDA95"},"id":"72D031E7-52E3-4DE2-8116-4271F68C6508","work":"Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses","quote":"The reproduction of labour power thus reveals as its sine qua non not only the reproduction of its ‘skills’ but also the reproduction of its subjection to the ruling ideology. ... It is in the forms and under the forms of ideological subjection that provision is made for the reproduction of the skills of labour power."},{"year":"","internalID":"545","philosopher":{"id":"5B8D36E5-56E2-47E4-9C4C-34A0F107D9B1"},"id":"001C962A-5126-4B8E-8A5F-FEA976501C08","work":"Quoted by Aristotle in Metaphysics","quote":"Water is the first principle of everything."},{"year":"","internalID":"546","philosopher":{"id":"5B8D36E5-56E2-47E4-9C4C-34A0F107D9B1"},"id":"BD676BC6-ACC5-47E1-8FCF-D60311AED512","work":"Quoted by Diogenes Laërtius in The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers","quote":"A multitude of words is no proof of a prudent mind."},{"year":"","internalID":"547","philosopher":{"id":"5B8D36E5-56E2-47E4-9C4C-34A0F107D9B1"},"id":"818713D7-07DB-467C-9208-39ED5AF0D785","work":"Quoted by Diogenes Laërtius in The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers","quote":"Know thyself."},{"year":"","internalID":"548","philosopher":{"id":"5B8D36E5-56E2-47E4-9C4C-34A0F107D9B1"},"id":"578E6827-6508-4353-97C6-4B072E638E74","work":"Quoted by Diogenes Laërtius in The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers","quote":"Avoid doing what you would blame others for doing."},{"year":"1721 AD","internalID":"549","philosopher":{"id":"A9272AC1-8524-4429-A7C1-2EECBDBB4920"},"id":"09A9AE80-F2DF-4E29-BACD-0B6BF051DFFF","work":"Persian Letters","quote":"A man should be mourned at his birth, not at his death."},{"year":"1520 AD","internalID":"55","philosopher":{"id":"4ECF88A5-4159-410A-97CA-ED1984280CF6"},"id":"A7AD1E65-F4CB-4A31-A8D1-8FDBF12A42E2","work":"The Art of War","quote":"No proceeding is better than that which you have concealed from the enemy until the time you have executed it. To know how to recognize an opportunity in war, and take it, benefits you more than anything else."},{"year":"1748 AD","internalID":"550","philosopher":{"id":"A9272AC1-8524-4429-A7C1-2EECBDBB4920"},"id":"81A060D5-DAB9-4711-B942-B215A954E4CF","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","quote":"To prevent this abuse, it is necessary that, by the arrangement of things, power shall stop power. A government may be so constituted, as no man shall be compelled to do things to which the law does not oblige him, nor forced to abstain from things which the law permits."},{"year":"1721 AD","internalID":"551","philosopher":{"id":"A9272AC1-8524-4429-A7C1-2EECBDBB4920"},"id":"95D06D42-9615-46AA-95D6-9554CE376D9A","work":"Persian Letters","quote":"Life was given to me as a favor, so I may abandon it when it is one no longer."},{"year":"1721 AD","internalID":"552","philosopher":{"id":"A9272AC1-8524-4429-A7C1-2EECBDBB4920"},"id":"BE1E23D3-43ED-4657-9F91-6C4963191769","work":"Persian Letters","quote":"There are only two cases in which war is just: first, in order to resist the aggression of an enemy, and second, in order to help an ally who has been attacked."},{"year":"","internalID":"553","philosopher":{"id":"A9272AC1-8524-4429-A7C1-2EECBDBB4920"},"id":"CF213208-AEF5-44DE-823A-DF9570C69177","work":"Pensées et Fragments Inédits de Montesquieu","quote":"If I knew of something that could serve my nation but would ruin another, I would not propose it to my prince, for I am first a man and only then a Frenchman, because I am necessarily a man, and only accidentally am I French."},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"554","philosopher":{"id":"645F4A3B-9F64-47D4-B757-A7B4FDE705D1"},"id":"D7052E93-2EE1-43D5-A538-47E8BD62F703","work":"Anti-Oedipus Capitalism and Schizophrenia","quote":"What a mistake to have ever said the id. Everywhere it is machines- real ones, not figurative ones: machines driving other machines, machines being driven by other machines, with all the necessary couplings and connections. An organ-machine is plugged into an energy-source-machine: the one produces a flow that the other interrupts The breast is a machine that produces miilk, and the mouth a machine coupled to it."},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"555","philosopher":{"id":"645F4A3B-9F64-47D4-B757-A7B4FDE705D1"},"id":"2BAC7493-CBCD-4837-A452-8AAF778D3087","work":"Anti-Oedipus Capitalism and Schizophrenia","quote":"Second, we make no distinction between man and nature: the human essence of nature and the natural essence of man become one within nature in the form of production or industry, just as they do within the life of man as a species. Industry is then no longer considered from the extrinsic point of view of utility, but rather from the point of view of its fundamental identity with nature as production of man and by man."},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"556","philosopher":{"id":"645F4A3B-9F64-47D4-B757-A7B4FDE705D1"},"id":"37402A3E-4D5F-4425-A6F5-0DF8777FB736","work":"I have Nothing to Admit","quote":"A book is a small cog in a much more complex, external machinery. Writing is a flow among others; it enjoys no special privilege and enters into relationships of current and counter-current, of back-wash with other flows — the flows of shit, sperm, speech, action, eroticism, money, politics, etc. Like Bloom, writing on the sand with one hand and masturbating with the other — two flows in what relationship?"},{"year":"1962 AD","internalID":"557","philosopher":{"id":"645F4A3B-9F64-47D4-B757-A7B4FDE705D1"},"id":"4A62301F-341E-4EB3-BD2E-1C33615DBF86","work":"Nietzsche and Philosophy","quote":"When Nietzsche praises egoism it is always in an aggressive or polemical way, against the virtues, against the virtue of disinterestedness. But in fact egoism is a bad interpretation of the will, just as atomism is a bad interpretation of force. In order for there to be egoism it is necessary for there to be an ego."},{"year":"1953 AD","internalID":"558","philosopher":{"id":"645F4A3B-9F64-47D4-B757-A7B4FDE705D1"},"id":"ECBFF207-87BB-4B1D-A097-52F31D52B2A6","work":"Desert Islands","quote":"If philosophy has a positive and direct relation to things, it is only insofar as philosophy claims to grasp the thing itself, according to what it is, in its difference from everything it is not, in other words, in its internal difference."},{"year":"1800 AD","internalID":"559","philosopher":{"id":"2EE09BAD-1395-4394-8F6F-EB591069AE66"},"id":"88858985-5608-429C-9B1B-FC8AE2BDBA4A","work":"The Vocation of Man","quote":"It is so by nature that the plant will develop with regularity, that the animal will move purposefully, and that human beings will think. Why should I take exception to recognizing also the last as the expression of an original force of nature, as I do the first and the second?"},{"year":"1651 AD","internalID":"56","philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"id":"1B9CDA90-F332-4E99-8389-1E1BF954C963","work":"Leviathan","quote":"The condition of man…is a condition of war of everyone against everyone."},{"year":"1800 AD","internalID":"560","philosopher":{"id":"2EE09BAD-1395-4394-8F6F-EB591069AE66"},"id":"C1827C6C-FE7D-47DB-8A14-B92112F39107","work":"The Vocation of Man","quote":"The law of the transcendental world must...be a Will."},{"year":"1800 AD","internalID":"561","philosopher":{"id":"2EE09BAD-1395-4394-8F6F-EB591069AE66"},"id":"9CCC8A60-1B99-4182-A7FF-B5E5B2105522","work":"The Vocation of Man","quote":"Each individual imagines that he can exist, live, think, and act for himself, and believes that he himself is the thinking principle of his thoughts; whereas in truth he is but a single ray of the ONE universal and necessary Thought."},{"year":"1810 AD","internalID":"562","philosopher":{"id":"2EE09BAD-1395-4394-8F6F-EB591069AE66"},"id":"FB52408B-9B5D-45DC-83CA-3DAA8ABEF2A0","work":"Outline of the Doctrine of Knowledge","quote":"This Being out of God cannot, by any means, be a limited, completed, and inert Being, since God himself is not such a dead Being, but, on the contrary, is Life; — but it can only be a Power, since only a Power is the true formal picture or Schema of Life. And indeed it can only be the Power of realising that which is contained in itself — a Schema."},{"year":"1989 AD","internalID":"563","philosopher":{"id":"8D8B3352-8007-4BDD-BCCE-0D281E1FB1AF"},"id":"8927BBBD-BE39-4814-BED0-CB12D7BED05E","work":"The Sublime Object of Ideology","quote":"Lacan's definition of human deception: We deceive the Other by means of the truth itself; in a universe in which all are looking for the true face beneath the mask, the best way to lead them astray is to wear the mask of truth itself."},{"year":"1989 AD","internalID":"564","philosopher":{"id":"8D8B3352-8007-4BDD-BCCE-0D281E1FB1AF"},"id":"99678D99-F830-438F-818E-B5DD6B864916","work":"The Sublime Object of Ideology","quote":"The general reference of the philosophical discussion is usually the triangle world: world-language-subject, the relation of the subject to the world of objects, mediated through language."},{"year":"1989 AD","internalID":"565","philosopher":{"id":"8D8B3352-8007-4BDD-BCCE-0D281E1FB1AF"},"id":"1FF832C4-5A92-432F-8E9B-94F9D53EBA1C","work":"The Sublime Object of Ideology","quote":"Actual history occurs, so the speak, on credit; only subsequent development will decide retroactively if the current revolutionary violence will be forgiven, legitimated, or if it will continue to exert a pressure on the shoulders of the present generation as its guilt, as its unsettled debt."},{"year":"2009 AD","internalID":"566","philosopher":{"id":"8D8B3352-8007-4BDD-BCCE-0D281E1FB1AF"},"id":"5E7ADB0F-1220-4E6B-A714-D42EA8EDA803","work":"First as Tragedy, Then as Farce","quote":"The contemporary era constantly proclaims itself as post-ideological, but this denial of ideology only provides the ultimate proof that we are more than ever embedded in ideology. Ideology is always a field of struggle - among other things, the struggle for appropriating past traditions."},{"year":"2012 AD","internalID":"568","philosopher":{"id":"8D8B3352-8007-4BDD-BCCE-0D281E1FB1AF"},"id":"74AF2F47-6CEC-4C33-94E2-9DE8EB4DDE64","work":"Less Than Nothing","quote":"What cannot be described should be inscribed into the artistic form as its uncanny distortion."},{"year":"1997 AD","internalID":"569","philosopher":{"id":"8D8B3352-8007-4BDD-BCCE-0D281E1FB1AF"},"id":"B8B6BB43-4816-468D-A056-6F5CF281167A","work":"The Plague of Fantasies","quote":"The original question of desire is not directly 'What do I want?', but 'What do others want from me? What do they see in me? What am I to others?'"},{"year":"1651 AD","internalID":"57","philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"id":"773D30D2-2237-48B3-AAF5-B51C900DF68B","work":"Leviathan","quote":"It is not easy to fall into any absurdity, unless it be by the length of an account; wherein he may perhaps forget what went before. For all men by nature reason alike, and well, when they have good principles."},{"year":"2012 AD","internalID":"570","philosopher":{"id":"8D8B3352-8007-4BDD-BCCE-0D281E1FB1AF"},"id":"3EB2A4B0-5409-40D7-A75D-C170946F2A8D","work":"Less Than Nothing","quote":"It becomes superfluous when people no longer need the external force of the tyrant to make them renounce their particular interests, but when they become \"universal citizens\" by directly identifying the core of their being with this universality - in short, people no longer need the external master when they are educated into doing the job of discipline and subordination themselves."},{"year":"1962 AD","internalID":"571","philosopher":{"id":"55ADA2C7-9126-4A97-BA26-E7D7CBF08D73"},"id":"ECA0B11D-9A3E-4B92-90F5-EFF23D4BF610","work":"Erotism: Death and Sensuality","quote":"All eroticism has a sacramental character."},{"year":"1945 AD","internalID":"572","philosopher":{"id":"55ADA2C7-9126-4A97-BA26-E7D7CBF08D73"},"id":"F6E78CBE-9C88-4DB7-9AE0-8170578C64CE","work":"On Nietzsche","quote":"To choose evil is to choose freedom—“freedom, emancipation from all restraint.”"},{"year":"1945 AD","internalID":"573","philosopher":{"id":"55ADA2C7-9126-4A97-BA26-E7D7CBF08D73"},"id":"EFE44289-B410-4AE6-8BB6-3339989E2836","work":"On Nietzsche","quote":"An intention that rejects what has no meaning in fact is a rejection of the entirety of being."},{"year":"1943 AD","internalID":"574","philosopher":{"id":"55ADA2C7-9126-4A97-BA26-E7D7CBF08D73"},"id":"C2EAD789-EB19-420A-98D9-81BEBBBA9573","work":"L’Expérience Intérieure","quote":"Philosophy … finds itself to be no longer anything but the heir to a fabulous mystical theology, but missing a God and wiping the slate clean."},{"year":"1943 AD","internalID":"575","philosopher":{"id":"55ADA2C7-9126-4A97-BA26-E7D7CBF08D73"},"id":"5E8EFEC7-2FFE-446A-AC72-48946CDAD660","work":"L’Expérience Intérieure","quote":"We have in fact only two certainties in this world—that we are not everything and that we will die. To be conscious of not being everything, as one is of being mortal, is nothing. But if we are without a narcotic, an unbreathable void reveals itself. I wanted to be everything, so that falling into this void, I might summon my courage and say to myself: “I am ashamed of having wanted to be everything, for I see now that it was to sleep.”"},{"year":"1945 AD","internalID":"576","philosopher":{"id":"55ADA2C7-9126-4A97-BA26-E7D7CBF08D73"},"id":"B5BA5CB1-9D78-494B-8916-65567AE3F547","work":"On Nietzsche","quote":"The total person is first disclosed … in areas of life that are lived frivolously."},{"year":"1945 AD","internalID":"577","philosopher":{"id":"55ADA2C7-9126-4A97-BA26-E7D7CBF08D73"},"id":"2848DFEA-8912-4044-87E1-9DEAE1DFFDA1","work":"On Nietzsche","quote":"In previous conditions, extreme states came under the jurisdiction of the arts... People substituted writing (fiction) for what was once spiritual life, poetry (chaotic words) for actual ecstasies. Art constitutes a minor free zone outside action, paying for its freedom by giving up the real world. A heavy price!"},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"578","philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"id":"2FADF16A-221D-4ADE-ADEB-AAF06899E1EF","work":"The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge","quote":"I define postmodern as incredulity towards metanarratives."},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"579","philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"id":"BFBFE2A2-9E65-40B2-B7C6-23F845CD017B","work":"The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge","quote":"…Scientific knowledge does not represent the totality of knowledge; it has always existed in addition to, and in competition and conflict with, another kind of knowledge, which I will call narratives in the interest of simplicity."},{"year":"1651 AD","internalID":"58","philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"id":"EE1ADB17-403B-441D-B6A2-7ED60F9CB648","work":"Leviathan","quote":"The Register of Knowledge of Fact is called History."},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"580","philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"id":"ABE3D3CA-070E-498D-8ECB-6E5495337C09","work":"The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge","quote":"Our working hypothesis is that the status of knowledge is altered as societies enter what is known as the postindustrial age and cultures enter the postmodern age."},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"581","philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"id":"1E8A75C3-F879-459E-A94B-7166CDF43CAF","work":"The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge","quote":"For the mercantilization of knowledge is bound to affect the privilege the nation-states have enjoyed, and still enjoy, with respect to the production and distribution of learning. The notion that learning falls within the purview of the State, as the brain or mind of society, will become more and more outdated with increasing strength of the opposing principle."},{"year":"1977 AD","internalID":"582","philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"id":"AE8D5704-833A-4045-9E67-907B74086CC2","work":"The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge","quote":"What is new in all this is that the old polies of attraction represented by nation-states, parties, professions, institutions, and historical traditions are losing their attraction. And it does not look as though they will be replaced, at least not on their former scale."},{"year":"1994 AD","internalID":"583","philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"id":"4EC9C37B-2475-4C63-AF4D-641376FD92F1","work":"Thought Without a Body?","quote":"The body might be considered the hardware of the complex technical device that is human thought."},{"year":"1994 AD","internalID":"584","philosopher":{"id":"805013E1-53ED-414C-9E43-6D776354B8C2"},"id":"F9670C63-5AD9-47AF-A9D6-F45DA42110ED","work":"Thought Without a Body?","quote":"There’s a necessity for physical experience and a recourse to exemplary cases of bodily ascesis to understand and make understood a type of emptying of the mind, an emptying that is required if the mind is to think. This obviously has nothing to do with tabula rasa, with what Descartes (vainly) wanted to be a starting from scratch on the part of knowing thought."},{"year":"1975 AD","internalID":"585","philosopher":{"id":"215CFEFE-7D4B-400D-A14B-CD4BE9E0AA30"},"id":"73A7ED2A-86A9-4784-B792-C63B98F0096D","work":"Contraception and Chastity","quote":"Those who try to make room for sex as mere casual enjoyment pay the penalty: they become shallow. At any rate the talk that reflects and commends this attitude is always shallow. They dishonour their own bodies; holding cheap what is naturally connected with the origination of human life."},{"year":"1975 AD","internalID":"586","philosopher":{"id":"215CFEFE-7D4B-400D-A14B-CD4BE9E0AA30"},"id":"05B49E2A-232C-413F-88E8-460A16A5B8D3","work":"Contraception and Chastity","quote":"You can argue truly enough, for example, that general respect for the prohibition on murder makes life more commodious. If people really respect the prohibition against murder life is pleasanter for all of us - but this argument is exceedingly comic. Because utility presupposes the life of those who are to be convenienced, and everybody perceives quite clearly that the wrong done in murder is done first and foremost to the victim, whose life is not inconvenienced, it just isn't there any more."},{"year":"1975 AD","internalID":"587","philosopher":{"id":"215CFEFE-7D4B-400D-A14B-CD4BE9E0AA30"},"id":"9F5482DC-2738-40C8-869E-E2555F7117E2","work":"Contraception and Chastity","quote":"God gave us our physical appetite, and its arousal without our calculation is part of the working of our sort of life. Given moderation and right circumstances, acts prompted by inclination can be taken in a general way to accomplish what makes them good in kind and there's no need for them to be individually necessary or useful for the end that makes them good kinds of action."},{"year":"1746 AD","internalID":"588","philosopher":{"id":"75D800D1-AB13-4192-931A-5866DAF44773"},"id":"748CB5E5-D6F3-4C7F-88CF-25C93C9F0C7B","work":"Pensées Philosophiques","quote":"To attempt the destruction of our passions is the height of folly. What a noble aim is that of the zealot who tortures himself like a madman in order to desire nothing, love nothing, feel nothing, and who, if he succeeded, would end up a complete monster!"},{"year":"1746 AD","internalID":"589","philosopher":{"id":"75D800D1-AB13-4192-931A-5866DAF44773"},"id":"C38F8D2C-4917-40E7-9B16-B07B4907FFA1","work":"Pensées Philosophiques","quote":"Scepticism is the first step towards truth."},{"year":"1651 AD","internalID":"59","philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"id":"001836F5-3D9A-4042-BD26-068EE57D1ACE","work":"Leviathan","quote":"A Covenant not to defend my selfe from force, by force, is always voyd."},{"year":"1746 AD","internalID":"590","philosopher":{"id":"75D800D1-AB13-4192-931A-5866DAF44773"},"id":"A42DBC11-923F-4108-B596-51E7BBA479B9","work":"Pensées Philosophiques","quote":"To say that man is a compound of strength and weakness, light and darkness, smallness and greatness, is not to indict him, it is to define him."},{"year":"1766 AD","internalID":"591","philosopher":{"id":"75D800D1-AB13-4192-931A-5866DAF44773"},"id":"5578DEFF-EB07-409F-99E4-C4414CC651DB","work":"L'Encyclopédie","quote":"No man has received from nature the right to give orders to others. Freedom is a gift from heaven, and every individual of the same species has the right to enjoy it as soon as he is in enjoyment of his reason."},{"year":"1766 AD","internalID":"592","philosopher":{"id":"75D800D1-AB13-4192-931A-5866DAF44773"},"id":"A951FA39-9DE6-4C0E-81C7-29CED35ABB57","work":"L'Encyclopédie","quote":"Reason is to the philosopher what grace is to the Christian."},{"year":"1753 AD","internalID":"593","philosopher":{"id":"75D800D1-AB13-4192-931A-5866DAF44773"},"id":"04E2CE80-33E1-4BF6-8681-AE7A4A1B08F9","work":"On the Interpretation of Nature","quote":"There are three principal means of acquiring knowledge available to us: observation of nature, reflection, and experimentation."},{"year":"1758 AD","internalID":"594","philosopher":{"id":"75D800D1-AB13-4192-931A-5866DAF44773"},"id":"2EDF36A3-04B8-43D6-A7B7-77925B797F8B","work":"On Dramatic Poetry","quote":"It is not human nature we should accuse but the despicable conventions that pervert it."},{"year":"1774 AD","internalID":"595","philosopher":{"id":"75D800D1-AB13-4192-931A-5866DAF44773"},"id":"2B4FCF51-C506-4555-A9E3-B26763FA9594","work":"Observations on the Drawing Up of Laws","quote":"Disturbances in society are never more fearful than when those who are stirring up the trouble can use the pretext of religion to mask their true designs."},{"year":"","internalID":"596","philosopher":{"id":"1A1D6463-9FD7-4683-B2C3-103656395889"},"id":"7BDEF076-14B6-4863-8C61-6224538E7CB1","work":"Fragment 14","quote":"Mortals deem that the gods are begotten as they are,\nand have clothes like theirs, and voice and form."},{"year":"","internalID":"597","philosopher":{"id":"1A1D6463-9FD7-4683-B2C3-103656395889"},"id":"F99F5773-FE8B-40CA-B0C1-2161B3CD935F","work":"Fragment 16","quote":"Ethiopians say that their gods are snubnosed and black\nThracians that they are pale and red-haired."},{"year":"","internalID":"598","philosopher":{"id":"1A1D6463-9FD7-4683-B2C3-103656395889"},"id":"A3FE0D8F-AC2C-49A3-954E-090EA25D62D4","work":"Fragment 23","quote":"There is one god, greatest among gods and men, similar to mortals neither in shape nor in thought."},{"year":"","internalID":"599","philosopher":{"id":"1A1D6463-9FD7-4683-B2C3-103656395889"},"id":"A7A48405-2828-4756-A629-D4AAE264F5BC","work":"Fragment 27","quote":"For all things are from the earth and to the earth all things come in the end."},{"year":"","internalID":"6","philosopher":{"id":"410D7B25-4F70-4346-A01A-CA556498FFFE"},"id":"FB99BC25-3B67-4BB5-BB27-E0CBB1641BCA","work":"Quoted by Plato in Cratylus","quote":"No man ever steps in the same river twice."},{"year":"1651 AD","internalID":"60","philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"id":"D5DE6DBD-AB62-4150-B7B5-5DF484B4AFBA","work":"Leviathan","quote":"The first cause of Absurd conclusions I ascribe to the want of Method"},{"year":"1910 AD","internalID":"600","philosopher":{"id":"35859990-0911-447A-8254-CDFE783671BF"},"id":"F0D7FF55-55B9-4ACB-91D3-FA3FC9E5179A","work":"How we think","quote":"As we shall see later, the most important factor in the training of good mental habits consists in acquiring the attitude of suspended conclusion, and in mastering the various methods of searching for new materials to corroborate or to refute the first suggestions that occur. To maintain the state of doubt and to carry on systematic and protracted inquiry ― these are the essentials of thinking."},{"year":"1938 AD","internalID":"601","philosopher":{"id":"35859990-0911-447A-8254-CDFE783671BF"},"id":"7F9E9747-C5C1-4AC3-9F29-A1109A37932F","work":"Logic: Theory of Inquiry","quote":"It is a familiar and significant saying that a problem well put is half-solved."},{"year":"1916 AD","internalID":"602","philosopher":{"id":"35859990-0911-447A-8254-CDFE783671BF"},"id":"7CD70FB6-2A77-4B7C-9D7F-93B5C95C5811","work":"Democracy and Education","quote":"Any education given by a group tends to socialize its members, but the quality and value of the socialization depends on the habits and aims of the group."},{"year":"1916 AD","internalID":"603","philosopher":{"id":"35859990-0911-447A-8254-CDFE783671BF"},"id":"7E6281F2-EB24-4E01-A69A-E261E88359CC","work":"Democracy and Education","quote":"Open-mindedness is not the same as empty-mindedness. To hang out a sign saying \"Come right in; there is no one at home\" is not the equivalent of hospitality. But there is a kind of passivity, willingness to let experiences accumulate and sink in and ripen, which is an essential of development."},{"year":"1916 AD","internalID":"604","philosopher":{"id":"35859990-0911-447A-8254-CDFE783671BF"},"id":"45714D35-8282-4830-8699-69E421EF1D23","work":"Democracy and Education","quote":"Nature offers simply the germs which education is to develop and perfect."},{"year":"1916 AD","internalID":"605","philosopher":{"id":"35859990-0911-447A-8254-CDFE783671BF"},"id":"ADDCCA47-1573-4391-A4CF-E9DCA0C91656","work":"Democracy and Education","quote":"To find out what one is fitted to do, and to secure an opportunity to do it, is the key to happiness."},{"year":"","internalID":"606","philosopher":{"id":"F6B6F3C0-C082-471A-945A-5AC37C8968D4"},"id":"8C14170E-1F0E-49A4-ABD5-8A3ABA0C3259","work":"How we think","quote":"The truth is, that these writings of mine were meant to protect the arguments of Parmenides against those who make fun of him and seek to show the many ridiculous and contradictory results which they suppose to follow from the affirmation of the one. My answer is addressed to the partisans of the many, whose attack I return with interest by retorting upon them that their hypothesis of the being of many, if carried out, appears to be still more ridiculous than the hypothesis of the being of one."},{"year":"1986 AD","internalID":"607","philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"id":"AEB461CC-0E6E-4FB5-96A7-77B897232F48","work":"The View From Nowhere","quote":"Eventually, I believe, current attempts to understand the mind by analogy with man-made computers that can perform superbly some of the same external tasks as conscious beings will be recognized as a gigantic waste of time."},{"year":"1986 AD","internalID":"608","philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"id":"6A81BF0B-1EB2-4A8F-B915-64E4F1E43FFA","work":"The View From Nowhere","quote":"We assume that our own advances in objectivity are steps along a path that extends beyond them and beyond all our capacities. But even allowing unlimited time, or an unlimited number of generations, to take as many successive steps as we like, the process can never be completed. ... What is wanted is some way of making the most objective standpoint the basis of action."},{"year":"1986 AD","internalID":"609","philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"id":"5CFDA61D-C64D-4323-9789-C880D68ED8CD","work":"The View From Nowhere","quote":"Ethics increases the range of what it is about ourselves that we can will—extending it from our actions to the motives and character traits and dispositions from which they arise. We want to be able to will the sources of our actions down to the very bottom."},{"year":"1651 AD","internalID":"61","philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"id":"3A79F7A4-CCBA-4440-9BD1-2B0144AE68FB","work":"Leviathan","quote":"In such condition there is no place for industry…no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."},{"year":"1987 AD","internalID":"610","philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"id":"3545EFA0-A047-4330-8F94-3C51D7D75A7C","work":"What Does It All Mean?","quote":"Philosophy is different from science and from mathematics. Unlike science it doesn't rely on experiments or observation, but only on thought. And unlike mathematics it has no formal methods of proof. It is done just by asking questions, arguing, trying out ideas and thinking of possible arguments against them, and wondering how our concepts really work."},{"year":"1987 AD","internalID":"611","philosopher":{"id":"87CC8B86-67A2-4481-B7C6-F4E8CE10DEA0"},"id":"EA426136-17E4-4114-BA74-CEA260B75E61","work":"What Does It All Mean?","quote":"Definitions can't be the basis of meaning for all words, or we'd go forever in a circle. Eventually we must get to some words which have meaning directly."},{"year":"1967 AD","internalID":"612","philosopher":{"id":"67D1A0D2-6C50-4D1A-B733-AC2D21662EE8"},"id":"D2604E26-8E9B-468C-B04B-4DCC75EE4747","work":"Society of the Spectacle","quote":"In societies where modern conditions of production prevail, all of life presents itself as an immense accumulation of spectacles. Everything that was directly lived has moved away into a representation."},{"year":"1967 AD","internalID":"613","philosopher":{"id":"67D1A0D2-6C50-4D1A-B733-AC2D21662EE8"},"id":"B8D1C1FB-77CE-4199-9F2E-8DC02250DFE4","work":"Society of the Spectacle","quote":"The spectacle is not a collection of images; rather, it is a social relationship between people that is mediated by images."},{"year":"1967 AD","internalID":"614","philosopher":{"id":"67D1A0D2-6C50-4D1A-B733-AC2D21662EE8"},"id":"A1D6555D-C102-4E61-A6C9-3D6576B55DAF","work":"Society of the Spectacle","quote":"Philosophy is at once the power of alienated thought and the thought of alienated power, and as such it has never been able to emancipate itself from theology."},{"year":"1967 AD","internalID":"615","philosopher":{"id":"67D1A0D2-6C50-4D1A-B733-AC2D21662EE8"},"id":"47820827-6D16-46CC-99EE-0372137F8B63","work":"Society of the Spectacle","quote":"Tourism, human circulation considered as consumption ... is fundamentally nothing more than the leisure of going to see what has become banal."},{"year":"1967 AD","internalID":"616","philosopher":{"id":"67D1A0D2-6C50-4D1A-B733-AC2D21662EE8"},"id":"701AF869-30A6-4255-8CEE-D91B90FE851F","work":"Society of the Spectacle","quote":"Ideas improve. The meaning of words participates in the improvement. Plagiarism is necessary. Progress implies it. It embraces an author’s phrase, makes use of his expressions, erases a false idea, and replaces it with the right idea."},{"year":"1989 AD","internalID":"617","philosopher":{"id":"67D1A0D2-6C50-4D1A-B733-AC2D21662EE8"},"id":"AFCB3D86-54F6-4D90-82D0-1B28AA6B49AE","work":"Panegyric","quote":"There is nothing more natural than to consider everything as starting from oneself, chosen as the center of the world; one finds oneself thus capable of condemning the world without even wanting to hear its deceitful chatter."},{"year":"1989 AD","internalID":"618","philosopher":{"id":"67D1A0D2-6C50-4D1A-B733-AC2D21662EE8"},"id":"F7117D1A-9288-4489-88BA-AA2F0E73E51D","work":"Comments on the Society of the Spectacle","quote":"The Sage of Toronto ... spent several decades marveling at the numerous freedoms created by a “global village” instantly and effortlessly accessible to all. Villages, unlike towns, have always been ruled by conformism, isolation, petty surveillance, boredom and repetitive malicious gossip about the same families. Which is a precise enough description of the global spectacle’s present vulgarity."},{"year":"1921 AD","internalID":"619","philosopher":{"id":"FF162966-A088-498E-B984-0735E96858F3"},"id":"4C4FBBBD-99F7-4BB0-B972-B5E14BA43CC2","work":"Psychological Types, or, The Psychology of Individuation","quote":"The great problems of life — sexuality, of course, among others — are always related to the primordial images of the collective unconscious. These images are really balancing or compensating factors which correspond with the problems life presents in actuality. This is not to be marvelled at, since these images are deposits representing the accumulated experience of thousands of years of struggle for adaptation and existence."},{"year":"1679 AD","internalID":"62","philosopher":{"id":"EADA6FFC-5014-484E-988E-6A06F5AD949A"},"id":"BC25EEA9-77FB-4EDD-AC63-1BBE96BEBD01","work":"","quote":"Now I am about to take my last voyage, a great leap in the dark."},{"year":"1933 AD","internalID":"620","philosopher":{"id":"FF162966-A088-498E-B984-0735E96858F3"},"id":"A34AD27E-92FF-4270-84CE-669DDEB11023","work":"Modern Man in Search of a Soul","quote":"The great decisions of human life have as a rule far more to do with the instincts and other mysterious unconscious factors than with conscious will and well-meaning reasonableness."},{"year":"1933 AD","internalID":"621","philosopher":{"id":"FF162966-A088-498E-B984-0735E96858F3"},"id":"DB8E5915-7A55-480E-A34A-FC8C58063275","work":"Modern Man in Search of a Soul","quote":"Every civilized human being, whatever his conscious development, is still an archaic man at the deeper levels of his psyche. Just as the human body connects us with the mammals and displays numerous relics of earlier evolutionary stages going back to even the reptilian age, so the human psyche is likewise a product of evolution which, when followed up to its origins, show countless archaic traits."},{"year":"1933 AD","internalID":"622","philosopher":{"id":"FF162966-A088-498E-B984-0735E96858F3"},"id":"BEDE3219-33D6-44DB-A86B-82A535D764C6","work":"Modern Man in Search of a Soul","quote":"No psychic value can disappear without being replaced by another of equivalent intensity."},{"year":"1934 AD","internalID":"623","philosopher":{"id":"FF162966-A088-498E-B984-0735E96858F3"},"id":"40C698F6-530B-4781-97E0-21208A54B041","work":"The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious","quote":"Whereas the personal unconscious consists for the most part of \"complexes\", the content of the collective unconscious is made up essentially of \"archetypes\". The concept of the archetype, which is an indispensable correlate of the idea of the collective unconscious, indicates the existence of definite forms in the psyche which seem to be present always and everywhere."},{"year":"1939 AD","internalID":"624","philosopher":{"id":"FF162966-A088-498E-B984-0735E96858F3"},"id":"1EFE64D4-2FAE-4C71-8A40-981EC21DB3CC","work":"The Integration of the Personality","quote":"If there is anything that we wish to change in the child, we should first examine it and see whether it is not something that could better be changed in ourselves."},{"year":"1958 AD","internalID":"625","philosopher":{"id":"FF162966-A088-498E-B984-0735E96858F3"},"id":"97E5B7DD-ECEE-440B-AE33-75838BF4435C","work":"The Undiscovered Self","quote":"Any theory based on experience is necessarily statistical; that is to say, it formulates an ideal average which abolishes all exceptions at either end of the scale and replaces them by an abstract mean."},{"year":"1960 AD","internalID":"626","philosopher":{"id":"FF162966-A088-498E-B984-0735E96858F3"},"id":"8CC2D915-1213-4295-8379-769F5662DEAD","work":"Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle","quote":"Primitive superstition lies just below the surface of even the most tough-minded individuals, and it is precisely those who most fight against it who are the first to succumb to its suggestive effects."},{"year":"0065 AD","internalID":"627","philosopher":{"id":"8CDFDB0C-F4F4-40F9-B00D-0C7EB20E9D1F"},"id":"CB947B77-F421-4E4A-8386-6427BCC2FB95","work":"Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium","quote":"It is not the man who has too little, but the man who craves more, that is poor."},{"year":"0065 AD","internalID":"628","philosopher":{"id":"8CDFDB0C-F4F4-40F9-B00D-0C7EB20E9D1F"},"id":"3C2C90ED-90C0-4B25-8890-CBACF070C0B9","work":"Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium","quote":"No man can have a peaceful life who thinks too much about lengthening it."},{"year":"0065 AD","internalID":"629","philosopher":{"id":"8CDFDB0C-F4F4-40F9-B00D-0C7EB20E9D1F"},"id":"4343A370-1935-4566-AC54-3A18BE9B4D50","work":"Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium","quote":"Withdraw into yourself, as far as you can. Associate with those who will make a better man of you. Welcome those whom you yourself can improve. The process is mutual; for men learn while they teach."},{"year":"1637 AD","internalID":"63","philosopher":{"id":"3C6BCB23-5C68-4F54-B680-BFF333FB6683"},"id":"05550BE5-AA8F-4CFA-8E22-B4D78064F9B2","work":"Discourse on the Method","quote":"I think, therefore I am."},{"year":"0065 AD","internalID":"630","philosopher":{"id":"8CDFDB0C-F4F4-40F9-B00D-0C7EB20E9D1F"},"id":"C36ADE41-C8E3-44C4-A47D-2AF00B308F38","work":"Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium","quote":"You do not know where death awaits you; so be ready for it everywhere."},{"year":"0065 AD","internalID":"631","philosopher":{"id":"8CDFDB0C-F4F4-40F9-B00D-0C7EB20E9D1F"},"id":"9A70F713-5227-4768-8536-611EE80BF7A3","work":"Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium","quote":"Man is a reasoning animal."},{"year":"0065 AD","internalID":"632","philosopher":{"id":"8CDFDB0C-F4F4-40F9-B00D-0C7EB20E9D1F"},"id":"33EBA551-9ED3-4B88-88D3-D22C48F7DF91","work":"Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium","quote":"All art is but imitation of nature."},{"year":"1957 AD","internalID":"633","philosopher":{"id":"2D20127D-37CB-4D70-B0D0-DC30C6F9A2C3"},"id":"6CEE9F49-C9A4-48DE-9B41-D74E893E07C7","work":"Mythologies","quote":"The bourgeoisie is defined as the social class which does not want to be named."},{"year":"1957 AD","internalID":"634","philosopher":{"id":"2D20127D-37CB-4D70-B0D0-DC30C6F9A2C3"},"id":"30F0DFCA-5A77-443B-B88F-221D8D0B692D","work":"Mythologies","quote":"Myth is depoliticized speech."},{"year":"1957 AD","internalID":"635","philosopher":{"id":"2D20127D-37CB-4D70-B0D0-DC30C6F9A2C3"},"id":"F2FDD11F-91F9-4CED-BBD0-E951C94630D2","work":"Mythologies","quote":"By reducing any quality to quantity, myth economizes intelligence: it understands reality more cheaply."},{"year":"1971 AD","internalID":"636","philosopher":{"id":"2D20127D-37CB-4D70-B0D0-DC30C6F9A2C3"},"id":"0BDF8A88-43DA-455E-90EC-014DD797ED92","work":"From Work to Text","quote":"The Text is not a definitive object."},{"year":"1971 AD","internalID":"637","philosopher":{"id":"2D20127D-37CB-4D70-B0D0-DC30C6F9A2C3"},"id":"3E7D7DF6-5A68-4ADE-ADC5-A553060E4B70","work":"From Work to Text","quote":"A work has two levels of meaning: literal and concealed. "},{"year":"1971 AD","internalID":"637","philosopher":{"id":"2D20127D-37CB-4D70-B0D0-DC30C6F9A2C3"},"id":"DE546EE2-3A5C-4B0F-9FEB-E77BFBB19022","work":"From Work to Text","quote":"Whereas the work is understood to be traceable to a source (through a process of derivation or \"filiation\"), the Text is without a source — the \"author\" a mere \"guest\" at the reading of the Text."},{"year":"1971 AD","internalID":"638","philosopher":{"id":"2D20127D-37CB-4D70-B0D0-DC30C6F9A2C3"},"id":"7786248B-18AF-49B5-B81A-9D8DD6E61BD5","work":"From Work to Text","quote":"The discourse on the Text should itself be nothing other than text, research, textual activity, since the Text is that social space which leaves no language safe, outside, nor any subject of the enunciation in position as judge, master, analyst, confessor, decoder. The theory of the Text can coincide only with a practice of writing."},{"year":"1910 AD","internalID":"639","philosopher":{"id":"590670FA-ADBE-4D76-8791-02A88B5E4CC0"},"id":"110763C8-8762-493A-B942-F2303C76D8FB","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","quote":"We all bear traces of the starvation struggle which for so long made up the life of the race. Our very organism holds memories and glimpses of that long life of our ancestors which still goes on among so many of our contemporaries."},{"year":"1637 AD","internalID":"64","philosopher":{"id":"3C6BCB23-5C68-4F54-B680-BFF333FB6683"},"id":"31EECCF6-70A5-416D-BD0C-7A5CD53FAB00","work":"Discourse on the Method","quote":"Of philosophy I will say nothing, except that when I saw that it had been cultivated for so many ages by the most distinguished men; and that yet there is not a single matter within its sphere which is still not in dispute and nothing, therefore, which is above doubt, I did not presume to anticipate that my success would be greater in it than that of others."},{"year":"1910 AD","internalID":"640","philosopher":{"id":"590670FA-ADBE-4D76-8791-02A88B5E4CC0"},"id":"17CCEF05-302D-490F-876B-8AEE5E3D6E95","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","quote":"Life cannot be administered by definite rules and regulations; that wisdom to deal with a man’s difficulties comes only through some knowledge of his life and habits as a whole ..."},{"year":"1910 AD","internalID":"641","philosopher":{"id":"590670FA-ADBE-4D76-8791-02A88B5E4CC0"},"id":"5F15FBAB-A691-41B1-B067-182E8B0393F0","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","quote":"… this dream that men shall cease to waste strength in competition and shall come to pool their powers of production is coming to pass all over the earth."},{"year":"1910 AD","internalID":"642","philosopher":{"id":"590670FA-ADBE-4D76-8791-02A88B5E4CC0"},"id":"D7FB0228-27D2-49C2-A53B-E064132BB4AB","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","quote":"Private beneficence is totally inadequate to deal with the vast numbers of the city's disinherited."},{"year":"1910 AD","internalID":"643","philosopher":{"id":"590670FA-ADBE-4D76-8791-02A88B5E4CC0"},"id":"09FEB92F-3D48-4FBD-BF7F-EB35A36B3EFF","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","quote":"Social advance depends quite as much upon an increase in moral sensibility as it does upon a sense of duty ..."},{"year":"1910 AD","internalID":"644","philosopher":{"id":"590670FA-ADBE-4D76-8791-02A88B5E4CC0"},"id":"15A34899-500A-42B7-8318-A373F7644EBE","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","quote":"The common stock of intellectual enjoyment should not be difficult of access because of the economic position of him who would approach it."},{"year":"1922 AD","internalID":"645","philosopher":{"id":"590670FA-ADBE-4D76-8791-02A88B5E4CC0"},"id":"C5986707-5277-4DBE-A871-808FB33AB20E","work":"Peace and Bread in Time of War","quote":"My temperament and habit had always kept me rather in the middle of the road; in politics as well as in social reform I had been for \"the best possible.\" But now I was pushed far toward the left on the subject of the war and I became gradually convinced that in order to make the position of the pacifist clear it was perhaps necessary that at least a small number of us should be forced into an unequivocal position."},{"year":"1836 AD","internalID":"646","philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"id":"F95B0B08-943A-4B6A-95A0-39528C6C92AE","work":"Nature","quote":"The stars awaken a certain reverence, because though always present, they are inaccessible; but all natural objects make a kindred impression, when the mind is open to their influence. Nature never wears a mean appearance."},{"year":"1836 AD","internalID":"647","philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"id":"F541A942-C1FF-41E0-B83A-EDF66E369E50","work":"Nature","quote":"Every natural fact is a symbol of some spiritual fact."},{"year":"1836 AD","internalID":"648","philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"id":"C0F679FF-C658-4BAD-8B88-85B6F051A7FB","work":"Nature","quote":"Beauty is the mark God sets upon virtue."},{"year":"1836 AD","internalID":"649","philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"id":"91CF3561-714C-43BC-AA23-9D8A0B4D5A18","work":"Nature","quote":"The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other; who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood. His intercourse with heaven and earth, becomes part of his daily food."},{"year":"1637 AD","internalID":"65","philosopher":{"id":"3C6BCB23-5C68-4F54-B680-BFF333FB6683"},"id":"119A4254-C613-44C1-9CFE-DC000327B34D","work":"Discourse on the Method","quote":"The first was to include nothing in my judgments than what presented itself to my mind so clearly and distinctly that I had no occasion to doubt it."},{"year":"1838 AD","internalID":"650","philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"id":"31959312-C3E0-4992-9B68-B6A40BDB726C","work":"Literary Ethics","quote":"Explore, and explore, and explore. Be neither chided nor flattered out of your position of perpetual inquiry. Neither dogmatise yourself, nor accept another's dogmatism."},{"year":"1841 AD","internalID":"651","philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"id":"8CAEB6FF-E880-459B-9095-4B1CBD1D542D","work":"Self-Reliance","quote":"God will not have his work made manifest by cowards"},{"year":"1841 AD","internalID":"652","philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"id":"4FEE56B0-6C6C-40B5-BAEB-782807B81143","work":"Self-Reliance","quote":"Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of every one of its members. Society is a joint-stock company, in which the members agree, for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty and culture of the eater. The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its aversion. It loves not realities and creators, but names and customs."},{"year":"1841 AD","internalID":"653","philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"id":"C659DC7C-8FC4-4C53-81C8-DE718CD8187B","work":"Self-Reliance","quote":"Truth is handsomer than the affectation of love. Your goodness must have some edge to it, — else it is none. The doctrine of hatred must be preached as the counteraction of the doctrine of love when that pules and whines. I shun father and mother and wife and brother, when my genius calls me."},{"year":"1841 AD","internalID":"654","philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"id":"18F4870C-B37A-4C1A-99E8-F068E45C2AB3","work":"Self-Reliance","quote":"A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines."},{"year":"1841 AD","internalID":"655","philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"id":"3F25A3CC-BE90-475E-94D7-61AFBC38B4A2","work":"Self-Reliance","quote":"Discontent is the want of self-reliance: it is infirmity of will."},{"year":"1844 AD","internalID":"656","philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"id":"A2F8F0DF-8026-4A65-A958-41DA27BFFEBA","work":"Politics","quote":"The less government we have, the better, — the fewer laws, and the less confided power. The antidote to this abuse of formal Government, is, the influence of private character, the growth of the Individual."},{"year":"1860 AD","internalID":"657","philosopher":{"id":"3E3804E0-17AB-4AB9-B647-D4CA2E9C23D5"},"id":"D0E1491D-B600-447E-8F9E-776C18823B9D","work":"The Conduct of Life","quote":"The real and lasting victories are those of peace, and not of war."},{"year":"1267 AD","internalID":"658","philosopher":{"id":"B312F276-6D2F-4A0F-BE45-C4F561FD6358"},"id":"C5FE6084-5BE7-46FD-B5BA-BD18E887771C","work":"Opus Majus","quote":"Reasoning draws a conclusion and makes us grant the conclusion, but does not make the conclusion certain, nor does it remove doubt so that the mind may rest on the intuition of truth, unless the mind discovers it by the path of experience."},{"year":"1267 AD","internalID":"659","philosopher":{"id":"B312F276-6D2F-4A0F-BE45-C4F561FD6358"},"id":"F9559405-7F11-46CB-BFB3-824B3FECBBF2","work":"Opus Majus","quote":"If in other sciences we should arrive at certainty without doubt and truth without error, it behooves us to place the foundations of knowledge in mathematics..."},{"year":"1644 AD","internalID":"66","philosopher":{"id":"3C6BCB23-5C68-4F54-B680-BFF333FB6683"},"id":"23A4B565-EB09-489E-8C14-8BF8B77FAA2C","work":"Principles of Philosophy","quote":"In order to seek truth, it is necessary once in the course of our life, to doubt, as far as possible, of all things."},{"year":"1267 AD","internalID":"660","philosopher":{"id":"B312F276-6D2F-4A0F-BE45-C4F561FD6358"},"id":"A000DA29-FE0B-48EB-92D2-34DECBE958BD","work":"Opus Majus","quote":"Neglect of mathematics works injury to all knowledge, since he who is ignorant of it cannot know the other sciences or the things of this world. And what is worse, men who are thus Ignorant are unable to perceive their own ignorance and so do not seek a remedy."},{"year":"1267 AD","internalID":"661","philosopher":{"id":"B312F276-6D2F-4A0F-BE45-C4F561FD6358"},"id":"F1E3AAF6-95E5-4B0A-87B4-AD71A47C059E","work":"Opus Tertium","quote":"The strongest argument proves nothing so long as the conclusions are not verified by experience. Experimental science is the queen of sciences, and the goal of all speculation."},{"year":"1267 AD","internalID":"662","philosopher":{"id":"B312F276-6D2F-4A0F-BE45-C4F561FD6358"},"id":"A791EC6F-67D9-4F09-A5E8-3B90B20E8334","work":"Opus Tertium","quote":"And this science verifies all natural and man-made things in particular, and in their appropriate discipline, by the experimental perfection, not by arguments of the still purely speculative sciences, nor through the weak, and imperfect experiences of practical knowledge. And therefore, this is the matron of all preceding sciences, and the final end of all speculation."},{"year":"1267 AD","internalID":"663","philosopher":{"id":"B312F276-6D2F-4A0F-BE45-C4F561FD6358"},"id":"037E2627-F607-4140-864D-84A0094C7F87","work":"Opus Tertium","quote":"Nevertheless, of Moral Philosophy alone can it be said that it is in the special and autonomatic sense practical, dealing as it does with human conduct with reference to virtue and vice, beatitude and misery. All other sciences are called speculative: they are not concerned with the deeds of the present or future life affecting man's salvation or damnation."},{"year":"1705 AD","internalID":"664","philosopher":{"id":"8D733901-82BE-416A-A9B6-ECCFBA9B196D"},"id":"10FE8172-7386-47C2-B85E-51B1B5711A07","work":"Occasional Thoughts in reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life","quote":"The improvements of Reason, however requisite to Ladies for their Accomplishment, as rational Creatures; and however needful to them for the well Educating of their Children, and to their being useful in their Families, yet are rarely any recommendation of them to Men; who foolishly thinking, that Money will answer to all things, do, for the most part, regard nothing else in the Woman they would Marry … Girls, betwixt silly Fathers and ignorant Mothers, are generally so brought up, that traditionary Opinions are to them, all their lives long, instead of Reason."},{"year":"1705 AD","internalID":"665","philosopher":{"id":"8D733901-82BE-416A-A9B6-ECCFBA9B196D"},"id":"6DAE46C7-9549-479F-8652-6A84DCE47357","work":"Occasional Thoughts in reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life","quote":"Without a capacity in the Creature to act contrary to the Will of the Creator there could be no desert, or self-excellency in any Created Being; contrariety to the Will of God is therefore permitted in the Universe as a necessary result of Creaturely imperfection, under the greatest endowment that a Created Being is capable of having, viz. That of Freedom or Liberty of Action."},{"year":"1705 AD","internalID":"666","philosopher":{"id":"8D733901-82BE-416A-A9B6-ECCFBA9B196D"},"id":"D50B53E4-5D73-42E2-934A-0982656A75E6","work":"Occasional Thoughts in reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life","quote":"They [women] are, perhaps sometimes told in regard of what Religion exacts, They must Believe and Do such and such things, because the Word of God requires it; but they are not put upon searching the Scriptures themselves, to see whether, or no, these things are so."},{"year":"1941 AD","internalID":"667","philosopher":{"id":"1B5A089D-F27A-4D71-BE93-959B0FCD7600"},"id":"7F573DAC-1508-45DE-9DD8-3B3C1BBC8632","work":"Reason and Revolution, Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory","quote":"Man alone has the power of self-realization, the power to be a self-determining subject in all processes of becoming, for he alone has an understanding of potentialities and a knowledge of ‘notions.’ His very existence is the process of actualizing his potentialities, of molding his life according to the notions of reason."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"668","philosopher":{"id":"1B5A089D-F27A-4D71-BE93-959B0FCD7600"},"id":"68963A4A-06E7-4EDF-A0D0-8112ED685CE1","work":"One-Dimensional Man","quote":"Our mass media have little difficulty in selling particular interests as those of all sensible men. The political needs of society become individual needs and aspirations, their satisfaction promotes business and the commonweal, and the whole appeals to be the very embodiment of Reason."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"669","philosopher":{"id":"1B5A089D-F27A-4D71-BE93-959B0FCD7600"},"id":"9F57A484-A7A1-479E-82CB-B1BF9A327DE1","work":"One-Dimensional Man","quote":"The spontaneous reproduction of superimposed needs by the individual does not establish autonomy; it only testifies to the efficacy of the control."},{"year":"1689 AD","internalID":"67","philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"id":"9E62EA78-B041-4FA9-B84A-E9F8B07F9975","work":"Two Treatises of Government","quote":"The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"670","philosopher":{"id":"1B5A089D-F27A-4D71-BE93-959B0FCD7600"},"id":"B4AAED0F-B695-4726-9240-162C335B1469","work":"One-Dimensional Man","quote":"The tangible source of exploitation disappears behind the façade of objective rationality."},{"year":"1964 AD","internalID":"671","philosopher":{"id":"1B5A089D-F27A-4D71-BE93-959B0FCD7600"},"id":"1D24236F-FD21-47BE-A310-5A47C4A8D55D","work":"One-Dimensional Man","quote":"In its relation to the reality of daily life, the high culture of the past was many things—opposition and adornment, outcry and resignation. But it was also the appearance of the realm of freedom: the refusal to behave."},{"year":"1968 AD","internalID":"672","philosopher":{"id":"1B5A089D-F27A-4D71-BE93-959B0FCD7600"},"id":"8AAC7583-FEB7-4574-826E-48F7B798A2D2","work":"Negations: Essays in Critical Theory","quote":"No, you cannot expect people to understand the higher reaches of philosophy. Culture should be taken out of the hands of the dollar chasers. We need a national subsidy for literature. It is disgraceful that artists are treated like peddlers and that art works have to be sold like soap."},{"year":"1972 AD","internalID":"673","philosopher":{"id":"1B5A089D-F27A-4D71-BE93-959B0FCD7600"},"id":"34786404-D39D-4DDD-AD67-216209D1F9D4","work":"Counterrevolution and Revolt","quote":"Can the human appropriation of nature ever achieve the elimination of violence, cruelty, and brutality in the daily sacrifice of animal life for the physical reproduction of the human race? To treat nature \"for its own sake\" sounds good, but it is certainly not for the sake of the animal to be eaten, nor probably for the sake of the plant. The end of this war, the perfect peace in the animal world — this idea belongs to the Orphic myth, not to any conceivable historical reality. In the face of the suffering inflicted by man on man, it seems terribly \"premature\" to campaign for universal vegetarianism or synthetic foodstuffs; as the world is, priority must be on human solidarity among human beings. And yet, no free society is imaginable which does not, under its \"regulative idea of reason,\" make the concerted effort to reduce consistently the suffering which man imposes on the animal world."},{"year":"1944 AD","internalID":"674","philosopher":{"id":"D719C6D9-93D0-49F0-9EC9-3E2351553B10"},"id":"D1C856AB-46EA-4112-B857-2439BFE768BB","work":"The Road to Serfdom","quote":"The more the state \"plans\" the more difficult planning becomes for the individual."},{"year":"1944 AD","internalID":"675","philosopher":{"id":"D719C6D9-93D0-49F0-9EC9-3E2351553B10"},"id":"7BF34CC7-793A-4AF1-8D24-1BE67E7B3176","work":"The Road to Serfdom","quote":"Conservatism, though a necessary element in any stable society, is not a social program; in its paternalistic, nationalistic and power adoring tendencies it is often closer to socialism than true liberalism; and with its traditionalistic, anti-intellectual, and often mystical propensities it will never, except in short periods of disillusionment, appeal to the young and all those others who believe that some changes are desirable if this world is to become a better place."},{"year":"1944 AD","internalID":"676","philosopher":{"id":"D719C6D9-93D0-49F0-9EC9-3E2351553B10"},"id":"046F210A-865D-4CE0-9E04-089F3202A2F0","work":"The Road to Serfdom","quote":"From the saintly and single-minded idealist to the fanatic is often but a step."},{"year":"1944 AD","internalID":"677","philosopher":{"id":"D719C6D9-93D0-49F0-9EC9-3E2351553B10"},"id":"15C892DF-7243-4799-B897-5732957FF9CD","work":"The Road to Serfdom","quote":"The effect of the people's agreeing that there must be central planning, without agreeing on the ends, will be rather as if a group of people were to commit themselves to take a journey together without agreeing where they want to go; with the result that they may all have to make a journey which most of them do not want at all."},{"year":"1955 AD","internalID":"678","philosopher":{"id":"D719C6D9-93D0-49F0-9EC9-3E2351553B10"},"id":"704C4F32-775A-444A-B7DD-CA0E8D1F0108","work":"The Political Ideal of the Rule of Law","quote":"Yet, though the French Revolution was so largely inspired by the ideal of the Rule of Law, it is questionable whether it really helped the advance towards that ideal. In its course too many different aspirations gained influence which it was difficult to reconcile with that ideal."},{"year":"1975 AD","internalID":"679","philosopher":{"id":"D719C6D9-93D0-49F0-9EC9-3E2351553B10"},"id":"AFF06417-309E-455B-9D35-B3BDC48F9784","work":"Interview, \"Meet the Press\"","quote":"The sentence, 'stopping the printing presses,' is a figurative expression, because it is being done now by creating credit by the Federal Reserve System. But this is government action — all inflation is ultimately the result of activities which government determines and can control."},{"year":"1689 AD","internalID":"68","philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"id":"E46EACDC-D957-43EB-A920-578D2A5F1134","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","quote":"No man's knowledge here can go beyond his experience."},{"year":"1952 AD","internalID":"680","philosopher":{"id":"D719C6D9-93D0-49F0-9EC9-3E2351553B10"},"id":"90D48760-5CA4-48EB-A092-BE76F836B120","work":"The Counter-Revolution of Science","quote":"While the method of the natural sciences is…analytic, the method of the social sciences is better described as compositive or synthetic."},{"year":"1952 AD","internalID":"681","philosopher":{"id":"D719C6D9-93D0-49F0-9EC9-3E2351553B10"},"id":"18ADAE8C-1763-4A8A-9A1D-830B6B689D00","work":"The Counter-Revolution of Science","quote":"It thus comes about that in practice it is regularly the theoretical collectivist who extols individual reason and demands that all forces of society be made subject to the direction of a single mastermind, while it is the individualist who recognizes the limitations of the powers of individual reason and consequently advocates freedom as a means for the fullest development of the powers of the inter-individual process."},{"year":null,"internalID":"682","philosopher":{"id":"33931CEB-8DE0-4239-9FA9-0EB300056C97"},"id":"98265AAF-671D-46DC-86FF-D066198FAF02","work":"An Essay on the Beautiful","quote":"Perhaps, the good and the beautiful are the same, and must be investigated by one and the same process; and in like manner the base and the evil."},{"year":null,"internalID":"683","philosopher":{"id":"33931CEB-8DE0-4239-9FA9-0EB300056C97"},"id":"7D76C7C5-A4B7-4872-8626-6BAC56787163","work":"An Essay on the Beautiful","quote":"It is now time, leaving every object of sense far behind, to contemplate, by a certain ascent, a beauty of a much higher order; a beauty not visible to the corporeal eye, but alone manifest to the brighter eye of the soul, independent of all corporeal aid."},{"year":null,"internalID":"684","philosopher":{"id":"33931CEB-8DE0-4239-9FA9-0EB300056C97"},"id":"E4566D1F-3E54-4802-84D4-55D4FF3B58BB","work":"An Essay on the Beautiful","quote":"Hence beauty is established in multitude when the many is reduced into one, and in this case it communicates itself both to the parts and to the whole. But when a particular one, composed from similar parts, is received it gives itself to the whole, without departing from the sameness and integrity of its nature."},{"year":"0250 AD","internalID":"685","philosopher":{"id":"33931CEB-8DE0-4239-9FA9-0EB300056C97"},"id":"24ED4A2D-F563-4500-817E-56B1CF3E444F","work":"The First Ennead","quote":"Pleasure and distress, fear and courage, desire and aversion, where have these affections and experiences their seat? Clearly, either in the Soul alone, or in the Soul as employing the body, or in some third entity deriving from both."},{"year":"0250 AD","internalID":"686","philosopher":{"id":"33931CEB-8DE0-4239-9FA9-0EB300056C97"},"id":"A2EE7B7E-5C53-42E3-A016-3CAA19B5C23D","work":"The First Ennead","quote":"All teems with symbol; the wise man is the man who in any one thing can read another."},{"year":"0250 AD","internalID":"687","philosopher":{"id":"33931CEB-8DE0-4239-9FA9-0EB300056C97"},"id":"07E161AC-0EB1-46EB-8F25-37530E823E7E","work":"The First Ennead","quote":"We may treat of the Soul as in the body — whether it be set above it or actually within it — since the association of the two constitutes the one thing called the living organism, the Animate."},{"year":"1792 AD","internalID":"688","philosopher":{"id":"00F678EA-6C9A-4D0F-90D1-D3CA9ADE11CB"},"id":"870C7B27-22F0-44C8-9E4E-6B8AAA515B2D","work":"The Limits of State Action","quote":"The inquiry into the proper aims and limits of State agency must be of the highest importance—nay, that it is perhaps more vitally momentous than any other political question."},{"year":"1792 AD","internalID":"689","philosopher":{"id":"00F678EA-6C9A-4D0F-90D1-D3CA9ADE11CB"},"id":"4D24ABED-FD22-48C0-8C08-8C5731962F97","work":"The Limits of State Action","quote":"The true end of Man, or that which is prescribed by the eternal and immutable dictates of reason, and not suggested by vague and transient desires, is the highest and most harmonious development of his powers to a complete and consistent whole."},{"year":"1689 AD","internalID":"69","philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"id":"1DF0A17F-4A2C-411D-80EC-287C0EA351FD","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","quote":"I have always thought the actions of men the best interpreters of their thoughts."},{"year":"1792 AD","internalID":"690","philosopher":{"id":"00F678EA-6C9A-4D0F-90D1-D3CA9ADE11CB"},"id":"05A7328C-07EF-44E0-AE41-B33BE5C7689D","work":"The Limits of State Action","quote":"The grand, leading principle, towards which every argument hitherto unfolded in these pages directly converges, is the absolute and essential importance of human development in its richest diversity."},{"year":"1792 AD","internalID":"691","philosopher":{"id":"00F678EA-6C9A-4D0F-90D1-D3CA9ADE11CB"},"id":"5157698E-FDD4-45BF-8EB1-3F2A37078AEC","work":"The Limits of State Action","quote":"To inquire and to create;—these are the grand centres around which all human pursuits revolve, or at least to these objects do they all more or less directly refer."},{"year":"1792 AD","internalID":"692","philosopher":{"id":"00F678EA-6C9A-4D0F-90D1-D3CA9ADE11CB"},"id":"7BABC9AC-7DD2-41D2-B4C8-142DF33A5307","work":"The Limits of State Action","quote":"Man is naturally more disposed to beneficent than selfish actions."},{"year":"1792 AD","internalID":"693","philosopher":{"id":"00F678EA-6C9A-4D0F-90D1-D3CA9ADE11CB"},"id":"F119576B-0E3B-4296-BAE5-5629EBCDCA0C","work":"The Limits of State Action","quote":"If we glance at the most important revolutions in history, we are at no loss to perceive that the greatest number of these originated in the periodical revolutions of the human mind."},{"year":"1792 AD","internalID":"694","philosopher":{"id":"00F678EA-6C9A-4D0F-90D1-D3CA9ADE11CB"},"id":"53DF6F57-5433-406D-9A10-6125DAF4B5BE","work":"The Limits of State Action","quote":"The incapacity for freedom can only arise from a want of moral and intellectual power; to elevate this power is the only way to counteract this want; but to do this presupposes the exercise of that power, and this exercise presupposes the freedom which awakens spontaneous activity."},{"year":"","internalID":"7","philosopher":{"id":"410D7B25-4F70-4346-A01A-CA556498FFFE"},"id":"5157408A-D47E-425B-A2EB-3A42173A2653","work":"Quoted by Plato in Cratylus","quote":"Everything changes and nothing stands still."},{"year":"1689 AD","internalID":"70","philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"id":"38675EC5-C286-44F8-8C5A-B115B616CC58","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","quote":"Religion, which should most distinguish us from the beasts, and ought most particularly elevate us, as rational creatures, above brutes, is that wherein men often appear most irrational, and more senseless than beasts."},{"year":"1689 AD","internalID":"71","philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"id":"59D0DED6-C5F0-45B9-95EC-33025BEC43E3","work":"Two Treatises of Government","quote":"Being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions."},{"year":"1689 AD","internalID":"73","philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"id":"4673219C-21B6-4448-A7A5-266604F5613A","work":"Two Treatises of Government","quote":"Though the Earth, and all inferior Creatures be common to all Men, yet every Man has a Property in his own Person. Thus no Body has any Right to but himself."},{"year":"1689 AD","internalID":"74","philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"id":"FDB22470-62E2-4576-9676-723D61DF261B","work":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","quote":"But there is only one thing which gathers people into seditious commotion, and that is oppression."},{"year":"1689 AD","internalID":"75","philosopher":{"id":"FBB201D1-729F-47E6-9B9F-537091E3F9F3"},"id":"A42053ED-C362-4C71-9325-634CA98C0C09","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","quote":"There cannot any one moral Rule be propos'd, whereof a Man may not justly demand a Reason."},{"year":"1725 AD","internalID":"76","philosopher":{"id":"C3CC174E-1109-4E7A-B5BF-239C3612CA3B"},"id":"5B150E38-3201-4F70-AD77-03486EE9EA38","work":"New Science","quote":"…in accordance with the eternal law of Providence, the natural law of the heroic gentes, in which there is no equality of justice between the weak and the strong, recurs."},{"year":"1744 AD","internalID":"77","philosopher":{"id":"47279BDA-DC4B-4B98-83E6-7DE1D7B5C4AD"},"id":"A7CAAB5F-69FE-4E2D-843F-E0E627B0E5CA","work":"Siris","quote":"Truth is the cry of all, but the game of the few."},{"year":"1721 AD","internalID":"78","philosopher":{"id":"47279BDA-DC4B-4B98-83E6-7DE1D7B5C4AD"},"id":"B5447E46-44EF-4585-A978-090E3C73D77D","work":"De Motu","quote":"For no one's authority ought to rank so high as to set a value on his words and terms even though nothing clear and determinate lies behind them."},{"year":"1721 AD","internalID":"79","philosopher":{"id":"47279BDA-DC4B-4B98-83E6-7DE1D7B5C4AD"},"id":"0099C51C-24E5-4D67-92EF-F062ACA874AA","work":"De Motu","quote":"In the pursuit of truth we must beware of being misled by terms which we do not rightly understand. That is the chief point. Almost all philosophers utter the caution; few observe it."},{"year":"","internalID":"8","philosopher":{"id":"73E6F183-7335-458F-883E-83A9A8F9E562"},"id":"E57DDED7-DF9B-424B-BAEA-65D42DB85ECE","work":"On Nature","quote":"Thinking and the thought that it is are the same; for you will not find thinking apart from what is, in relation to which it is uttered. "},{"year":"1710 AD","internalID":"80","philosopher":{"id":"47279BDA-DC4B-4B98-83E6-7DE1D7B5C4AD"},"id":"0F0EB9DE-0309-444B-95CB-B971535D3D19","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","quote":"That we have first rais'd a Dust, and then complain, we cannot see."},{"year":"1713 AD","internalID":"81","philosopher":{"id":"47279BDA-DC4B-4B98-83E6-7DE1D7B5C4AD"},"id":"DDC9A58C-332D-4FCA-850F-E87B12F7037A","work":"Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous","quote":"Few men think; yet all have opinions."},{"year":"1713 AD","internalID":"82","philosopher":{"id":"47279BDA-DC4B-4B98-83E6-7DE1D7B5C4AD"},"id":"DD31FF83-3E11-4E57-AE15-7C342913EF6A","work":"Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous","quote":"Doth the reality of sensible things consist in being perceived? or, is it something distinct from their being perceived, and that bears no relation to the mind?"},{"year":"1710 AD","internalID":"83","philosopher":{"id":"47279BDA-DC4B-4B98-83E6-7DE1D7B5C4AD"},"id":"EF8FA1CF-400A-4F73-9AA2-B1EE1C849DF3","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","quote":"But, say you, surely there is nothing easier than for me to imagine trees, for instance, in a park...and nobody by to perceive them...The objects of sense exist only when they are perceived; the trees therefore are in the garden...no longer than while there is somebody by to perceive them."},{"year":"1762 AD","internalID":"84","philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"id":"82AB9651-9792-448F-BD6D-AE9952D0CE29","work":"The Social Contract","quote":"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains."},{"year":"1762 AD","internalID":"85","philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"id":"F033A89A-0383-442B-9299-B594BCD8D3EE","work":"The Social Contract","quote":"From whatever aspect we regard the question, the right of slavery is null and void, not only as being illegitimate, but also because it is absurd and meaningless. The words slave and right contradict each other, and are mutually exclusive."},{"year":"1762 AD","internalID":"86","philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"id":"0D49A425-CC83-4A02-9B9F-44826F51B25F","work":"The Social Contract","quote":"the Sovereign, being formed wholly of the individuals who compose it, neither has nor can have any interest contrary to theirs; and consequently the sovereign power need give no guarantee to its subjects, because it is impossible for the body to wish to hurt all its members."},{"year":"1762 AD","internalID":"87","philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"id":"9B023289-85F6-41F0-B247-D9A3D8E9C980","work":"Emile, or On Education","quote":"Everything is good as it leaves the hands of the author of things, everything degenerates in the hands of man."},{"year":"1762 AD","internalID":"88","philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"id":"661CAFFE-4885-4668-B52E-31F19F6AF75D","work":"Emile, or On Education","quote":"When man is content to be himself he is strong indeed; when he strives to be more than man he is weak indeed."},{"year":"1762 AD","internalID":"89","philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"id":"C9B29B24-9B67-4E2E-B810-823456B21CED","work":"The Social Contract","quote":"What man loses by the social contract is his natural liberty and an unlimited right to everything he tries to get and succeeds in getting; what he gains is civil liberty and the proprietorship of all he possesses."},{"year":"","internalID":"9","philosopher":{"id":"73E6F183-7335-458F-883E-83A9A8F9E562"},"id":"5EFB3827-9E64-428C-8ECF-A0F06228665E","work":"On Nature","quote":"And it is all one to me \/ Where I am to begin; for I shall return there again."},{"year":"1762 AD","internalID":"90","philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"id":"FE04A740-DF63-4A2B-BEDF-2F6F21A15AA2","work":"The Social Contract","quote":"It is solely on the basis of this common interest that every society should be governed."},{"year":"1762 AD","internalID":"91","philosopher":{"id":"BB4F146D-92C5-4E69-B6B4-F1F946C84377"},"id":"A3A07DC0-EA32-42BD-B0A7-7C87147A52D0","work":"The Social Contract","quote":"Under bad governments, this equality is only apparent and illusory: it serves only to-keep the pauper in his poverty and the rich man in the position he has usurped. In fact, laws are always of use to those who possess and harmful to those who have nothing: from which it follows that the social state is advantageous to men only when all have something and none too much."},{"year":"1748 AD","internalID":"92","philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"id":"D4773D1C-3036-4D90-A88B-73EA14CCC24E","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","quote":"In our reasonings concerning matter of fact, there are all imaginable degrees of assurance, from the highest certainty to the lowest species of moral evidence. A wise man, therefore, proportions his belief to the evidence."},{"year":"","internalID":"93","philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"id":"502C2B74-835E-4120-A999-B293EDF6C76A","work":"On Suicide","quote":"The life of man is of no greater importance to the universe than that of an oyster."},{"year":"1740 AD","internalID":"94","philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"id":"CA7CC8DA-F7B3-41B6-83A3-11BCDAED7C08","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","quote":"Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any other office than to serve and obey them."},{"year":"1740 AD","internalID":"95","philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"id":"7FFEFA87-2706-4AC7-9BE3-18E49C72D6FD","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","quote":"Morals excite passions, and produce or prevent actions. Reason of itself is utterly impotent in this particular. The rules of morality, therefore, are not conclusions of our reason."},{"year":"1740 AD","internalID":"96","philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"id":"EA547D1A-C750-4997-B2BF-07FBE16F1517","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","quote":"Generally speaking, the errors in religion are dangerous; those in philosophy only ridiculous."},{"year":"1740 AD","internalID":"97","philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"id":"0B3D36E9-6425-4DF4-9344-6B328B9A0571","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","quote":"Be a philosopher; but, amidst all your philosophy, be still a man."},{"year":"1748 AD","internalID":"99","philosopher":{"id":"0506F72D-FCD9-4F55-BD23-38953ADD2F88"},"id":"CE82521F-7701-4FAD-9226-62930517A832","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","quote":"Though experience be our only guide in reasoning concerning matters of fact; it must be acknowledged, that this guide is not altogether infallible, but in some cases is apt to lead us into errors."}]